• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2009

A full-length cDNA of OgGRP gene encoding a glycinerich cell wall protein was isolated from wild rice (Oryza grandiglumis). Deduced amino acid sequences of OgGRP are composed of 148 amino acids (16.3 kDa), and show 85.9% homology with Osgrp-2 (Oryza sativa). RT-PCR analysis showed that RNA expression of OgGRP was regulated by defense-related signaling chemicals, such as cantharidin, endothall, jasmonic acid, wounding, or yeast extract treatment. In relation to pathogen stress, the function of OgGRP was analyzed in OgGRP over-expressing Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpression of OgGRP in Arabidopsis contributed to moderate resistance against fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea, by lowering disease rate and necrosis size. In the analysis of the transgenic Arabidopsis lines to check the change of gene expression profile, induction of PR1, PR5 and PDF1.2 was confirmed. The induction seemed to be caused by the interaction of ectopic expression of OgGRP with SA-and JA-dependent signaling pathways.

• 식물병연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

벼도열병균은 벼를 재배하는 모든 지역에서 경제적으로 매우 중요한 병이다. 또한, 벼도열병균은 기주인 벼와 유전자 대유전자설이 적용되는 대표적인 식물병원균 모델이다. 재배지에 도입된 새로운 저항성 벼 품종의 빠른 저항성 상실은 병원균 집단의 레이스 변이가 주요 메커니즘으로 제안되고 있다. 이러한 새로운 레이스 변이는 저항성 유전자에 대항하는 비병원성 유전자의 변이에 의해 나타날 수 있는데, (i) 점돌연변이, (ii) 전이인자(transposon)의 삽입, (iii) frame shift등이 그 대표적인 예라고 할 수 있다. 비병원성 유전자 AVR-Pita1은 이러한 다양한 변이의 원인들이 모두 보고된 대표적인 비병원성 유전자이다. 이 총설에서는 비병원성 유전자 AVR-Pita1에 관한 다양한 정보를 제시하고, 상동성 유전자들인 AVR-Pita2 및 AVR-Pita3 유전자를 정리하였다. 이와 함께, 변이의 원인이 되는 다양한 예제를 리뷰 하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2011

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci는 숙주인 담배에 감염하여 들불병(wild fire)을 일으키는 식물 병원성 세균이다. 이 세균의 pathogenicity island (PAI)는 Type III secretion system 및 병원성 유전자들을 암호화하고 있으며, 병원성 조절에 있어 핵심적인 역할을 한다. 최근 식물 병원성 세균인 Ralstonia solanacearum에서 식물 세포 접촉을 매개로 하여 hrp gene cluster를 양성조절하는 PrhA (plant regulator of hrp) receptor가 발견되었다. 본 연구에서는 P. syringae에서 식물세포에 의해 hrp 유전자가 유도되는지 확인하기 위해, prhA 유사체를 동정하고 PrhA 결실돌연변이주(BL11)를 구축하였다. BL11은 숙주 감염 실험에서 병원성이 현저히 감소하였고, 식물 세포현탁액에서 hrpA 유전자의 발현수준이 hrp 유도배지에서 보다 3배 더 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과들을 근거로 PrhA가 식물세포접촉에 의한 조절에 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 확인하였으며, hrpA-gfp reporter fusion을 사용하여 이를 다시 검증하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2011

Considering that the world population is expected to total 9 billion by 2050, it will clearly be necessary to sustain and even accelerate the rate of improvement in crop productivity. In the 21st century, we now face another, perhaps more devastating, environmental threat, namely climate change, which could cause irreversible damage to agricultural ecosystem and loss of production potential. Enhancing intrinsic yield, plant abiotic stress tolerance, and pest and pathogen resistance through agricultural biotechnology will be a critical part of feeding, clothing, and providing energy for the human population, and overcoming climate change. Development and commercialization of genetically engineered crops have significantly contributed to increase of crop yield and farmer's income, decrease of environmental impact associated with herbicide and insecticide, and to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from this cropping area. Advances in plant genomics, proteomics and system biology have offered an unprecedented opportunities to identify genes, pathways and networks that control agricultural important traits. Because such advances will provide further details and complete understanding of interaction of plant systems and environmental variables, biotechnology is likely to be the most prominent part of the next generation of successful agricultural industry. In this article, we review the prospects for modification of agricultural target traits by genetic engineering, including enhancement of photosynthesis, abiotic stress tolerance, and pest and pathogen resistance associated with such opportunities and challenges under climate change.

• 식물병연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.103-107
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• 2019

Roles of nutrients in controlling plant diseases have been documented for a long time. Among the nutrients having impact on susceptibility/resistance to crop diseases, nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for plant growth and development. In rice plants, excess nitrogen via fertilization in agricultural systems is known to increase susceptibility to the rice blast disease. Mechanisms underlying such phenomenon, despite its implication in yield and sustainable agriculture, have not been fully elucidated yet. A few research efforts attempted to link nitrogen-induced susceptibility to concomitant changes in rice plant and rice blast fungus in response to excess nitrogen. However, recent studies focusing on phytobiome are offering new insights into effects of nitrogen on interaction between plants and pathogens. In this review, I will first briefly describe importance of nitrogen as a key nutrient for plants and what changes excess nitrogen can bring about in rice and the fungal pathogen. Next, I will highlight some of the recent phytobiome studies relevant to nitrogen utilization and immunity of plants. Finally, I propose the hypothesis that changes in phytobiome upon excessive nitrogen fertilization contribute to nitrogen-induced susceptibility, and discuss empirical evidences that are needed to support the hypothesis.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.316-326
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• 2018

The effect of simulated climate changes by applying different temperatures and $CO_2$ levels was investigated in the Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici/wheat pathosystem. Healthy and inoculated plants were exposed in single phytotrons to six $CO_2$+temperature combinations: (1) 450 ppm $CO_2/18-22^{\circ}C$ (ambient $CO_2$ and low temperature), (2) 850 ppm $CO_2/18-22^{\circ}C$ (elevated $CO_2$ and low temperature), (3) 450 ppm $CO_2/22-26^{\circ}C$ (ambient $CO_2$ and medium temperature), (4) 850 ppm $CO_2/22-26^{\circ}C$ (elevated $CO_2$ and medium temperature), (5) 450 ppm $CO_2/26-30^{\circ}C$ (ambient $CO_2$ and high temperature), and (6) 850 ppm $CO_2/26-30^{\circ}C$ (elevated $CO_2$ and high temperature). Powdery mildew disease index, fungal DNA quantity, plant death incidence, plant expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, plant growth parameters, carbohydrate and chlorophyll content were evaluated. Both $CO_2$ and temperature, and their interaction significantly influenced powdery mildew development. The most advantageous conditions for the progress of powdery mildew on wheat were low temperature and ambient $CO_2$. High temperatures inhibited pathogen growth independent of $CO_2$ conditions, and no typical powdery mildew symptoms were observed. Elevated $CO_2$ did not stimulate powdery mildew development, but was detrimental for plant vitality. Similar abundance of three PR transcripts was found, and the level of their expression was different between six phytotron conditions. Real time PCR quantification of Bgt was in line with the disease index results, but this technique succeeded to detect the pathogen also in asymptomatic plants. Overall, future global warming scenarios may limit the development of powdery mildew on wheat in Mediterranean area, unless the pathogen will adapt to higher temperatures.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.261-265
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• 1987

뿌리썩음증상은 병징에 따라 3가지로 대별되었다. 뿌리썩음증상은 Pythium aphanidermatum을 선접종 후 Fusarium solani를 후접종 하였을 때 가장 심하였다. 뿌리혹선충과 Phthium aphanidermatum과의 상호작용은 없었다. 근경 발아는 각 처리에서 현저히 증가하였고 Alliette 0.25% 처리에서 가장 높았다. 토양관주에 의한 치료 및 예방효과는 Alliette, Burgandy mixture, 다이센 M-45, 디포라탄이 우수하였으며, 수량도 증가하였다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.78.2-79
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• 2003

Pepper defensin ( CADEFl) clone was isolated from cDNA library constructed from pepper leaves infected with avirulent strain Bv5-4a of Xanthomonu campestris pv. vesicatoria. The deduced amino acid sequence of CADEFl is 82-64％ identical to that of other plant defensins. Putative protein encoded by CADEFl gene consists of 78 amino acids and 8 conserved cysteine residues to form four structure-stabilizing disulfide bridges. Transcription of the CADEF1 gene was earlier and stronger induced by X campestris pv. vesicatoria infection in the incompatible than in the compatible interaction. CADEF1 mRNA was constitutively expressed in stem, root and green fruit of pepper. Transcripts of CADEFl gene drastically accumulated in pepper leaf tissues treated With Salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), hydrogen Peroxide (H$_2$O$_2$), benzothiadiazole (BTH) and DL-${\beta}$-amino-n-butyric acid (BABA). In situ hybridization results revealed that CADEF1 mRNA was localized in the phloem areas of vascular bundles in leaf tissues treated with exogenous SA, MeJA and ABA. Strong accumulation of CADEF1 mRNA occurred in pepper leaves in response to wounding, high salinity and drought stress. These results suggest that bacterial pathogen infection, abiotic elicitors and some environmental stresses may play a significant role in signal transduction pathway for CADEF1 gene expression.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.3675-3681
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• 2011

Fusarium oxysporum, an important pathogen that mainly causes vascular or fusarium wilt disease which leads to economic loss. Disruption of gene encoding a heterotrimeric G-protein-${\beta}$-subunit (FGB1), led to decreased intracellular cAMP levels, reduced pathogenicity, colony morphology, and germination. The plant defense protein, Nicotiana alata defensin (NaD1) displays potent antifungal activity against a variety of agronomically important filamentous fungi. In this paper, we performed a molecular modeling and docking studies to find vital amino acids which can interact with various antifungal compounds using Discovery Studio v2.5 and GRAMMX, respectively. The docking results from FGB1-NaD1 and FGB1-antifungal complexes, revealed the vital amino acids such as His64, Trp65, Ser194, Leu195, Gln237, Phe238, Val324 and Asn326, and suggested that the anidulafungin is a the good antifungal compound.The predicted interaction can greatly assist in understanding structural insights for studying the pathogen and host-component interactions.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.48-48
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• 2020

Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora(Burrill), is a destructive disease of apple that damages blossoms, shoots, and woody plant organs. The fire blight disease is a worldwide problem for pome fruit growers because all popular apple cultivars are susceptible to the disease. Recently, fire blight of apple rootstocks has become a serious economic problem in high-density orchard systems in korea. The most commonly used dwarfing root stocks, M.9 and M.26, are highly susceptible to E. amylovora. The objective of the apple rootstock-breeding program has been to develop pomologically excellent rootstocks with resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, including fire blight. Budagovsky 9 (B.9) apple rootstock is reported to be highly susceptible when inoculated with E. amylovora, although results from multiple trials showed that B.9 is resistant to rootstock blight infection in field plantings. So we tried to collect the apple rootstocks traits of fire blight resistance. The apple genotype Malus Robusta 5 (MR5) represents an ideal donor for fire blight resistance because it was described as resistant to all currently known European strains of the pathogen. The PCR for detecting the MR5 gene using the primers Md_MR5_FL_F/Md_MR5_FL_R. The results of these experiments confirmed some apple rootstocks traits of fire blight resistance showed the MR5. Furthermore, this gene is confirmed to be the resistance determinant of Mr5 as the transformed lines undergo the same gene-for-gene interaction in the host-pathogen relationship MR5-E. amylovora.