The Plant Pathology Journal

The Korean Society of Plant Pathology (한국식물병리학회)
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Combined Effect of CO2 andTemperature on Wheat Powdery Mildew Development

  • Matic, Slavica (AGROINNOVA - Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-environmental Sector, Universita di Torino) ;
  • Cucu, Maria Alexandra (AGROINNOVA - Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-environmental Sector, Universita di Torino) ;
  • Garibaldi, Angelo (AGROINNOVA - Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-environmental Sector, Universita di Torino) ;
  • Gullino, Maria Lodovica (AGROINNOVA - Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-environmental Sector, Universita di Torino)
  • Received : 2017.11.03
  • Accepted : 2018.03.16
  • Published : 2018.08.01
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Abstract

The effect of simulated climate changes by applying different temperatures and $CO_2$ levels was investigated in the Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici/wheat pathosystem. Healthy and inoculated plants were exposed in single phytotrons to six $CO_2$+temperature combinations: (1) 450 ppm $CO_2/18-22^{\circ}C$ (ambient $CO_2$ and low temperature), (2) 850 ppm $CO_2/18-22^{\circ}C$ (elevated $CO_2$ and low temperature), (3) 450 ppm $CO_2/22-26^{\circ}C$ (ambient $CO_2$ and medium temperature), (4) 850 ppm $CO_2/22-26^{\circ}C$ (elevated $CO_2$ and medium temperature), (5) 450 ppm $CO_2/26-30^{\circ}C$ (ambient $CO_2$ and high temperature), and (6) 850 ppm $CO_2/26-30^{\circ}C$ (elevated $CO_2$ and high temperature). Powdery mildew disease index, fungal DNA quantity, plant death incidence, plant expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, plant growth parameters, carbohydrate and chlorophyll content were evaluated. Both $CO_2$ and temperature, and their interaction significantly influenced powdery mildew development. The most advantageous conditions for the progress of powdery mildew on wheat were low temperature and ambient $CO_2$. High temperatures inhibited pathogen growth independent of $CO_2$ conditions, and no typical powdery mildew symptoms were observed. Elevated $CO_2$ did not stimulate powdery mildew development, but was detrimental for plant vitality. Similar abundance of three PR transcripts was found, and the level of their expression was different between six phytotron conditions. Real time PCR quantification of Bgt was in line with the disease index results, but this technique succeeded to detect the pathogen also in asymptomatic plants. Overall, future global warming scenarios may limit the development of powdery mildew on wheat in Mediterranean area, unless the pathogen will adapt to higher temperatures.

Keywords

References

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