• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.441-445
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• 2015

Carrot (Dacus carota var. sativus) is one of the top-ten most economically important vegetable crops produced worldwide, and the root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., are one of the most important pests in the carrot. In Korea, M. hapla and M. incognita are presumed to be the major root-knot nematodes distributing mostly in open carrot fields and greenhouses, respectively. In our study, currently-developed and commercial carrot cultivars and the parental lines were examined for their pathological responses to M. incognita and M. hapla 7 weeks after inoculation with about 1,000 second-stage juveniles (J2) of the nematodes. All the carrot cultivars and lines showed susceptible responses to both nematodes with the gall index (GI) of 2.4-4.4, which were always higher on the carrot plants infected with M. incognita than M. hapla. Gall sizes were remarkably larger with more serious reduction of the root growths in the plants infected with M. incognita than M. hapla, suggesting the carrot lines examined in our study were more susceptible to the former than the latter. In the infection sites of the root tissues, giant cells were more extensively formed, occupying larger stellar regions with the prominent destruction of adjacent xylem vessels by M. incognita than M. hapla. All of these results suggest M. incognita affect more seriously on the carrot plants that are grown in greenhouses, compared to M. hapla that has a major distribution in open carrot fields, which would be used for determining cropping systems based on target nematode species, their damage and pathological characteristics.

• 한국토양동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국토양동물학회 2003년도 총회 및 학술연구발표회
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• pp.11-11
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• 2003

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2013

In the Northeast of Brazil, expansion of guava crops has been impaired by Meloidogyne enterolobii that causes root galls, leaf fall and plant death. Considering the fact that arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) improve plant growth giving protection against damages by plant pathogens, this work was carried out to select AMF efficient to increase production of guava seedlings and their tolerance to M. enterolobii. Seedlings of guava were inoculated with 200 spores of Gigaspora albida, Glomus etunicatum or Acaulospora longula and 55 days later with 4,000 eggs of M. enterolobii. The interactions between the AMF and M. enterolobii were assessed by measuring leaf number, aerial dry biomass, $CO_2$ evolution and arbuscular and total mycorrhizal colonization. In general, plant growth was improved by the treatments with A. longula or with G. albida. The presence of the nematode decreased arbuscular colonization and increased general enzymatic activity. Higher dehydrogenase activity occurred with the A. longula treatment and $CO_2$ evolution was higher in the control with the nematode. More spores and higher production of glomalin-related soil proteins were observed in the treatment with G. albida. The numbers of galls, egg masses and eggs were reduced in the presence of A. longula. Inoculation with this fungus benefitted plant growth and decreased nematode reproduction.

• 식물병연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.459-463
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• 2023

정서적 안정과 휴식에 효과적이며, 공기 정화 등 기능성을 가진 관엽식물에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있으나, 관엽식물에 피해를 유발할 수 있는 식물기생선충에 대한 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 본 연구는 국내 판매되고 있는 관엽식물에서 발생하는 식물기생선충의 검출 여부와 밀도를 파악하고자 관엽식물과 작물재배지에 대해 2022년 7월부터 12월까지 모니터링을 수행하였다. 415개의 관엽식물과 국내 24개 차나무 및 22개 감귤재배지의 식물기생선충을 조사하였다. 관엽식물 내 식물기생선충 조사 결과, 뿌리썩이선충이 가장 많이 검출되었으며, 잎선충, 뿌리혹선충, 침선충이 확인되었다. 차나무재배지에서는 나선선충, 씨스트선충, 뿌리혹선충, 뿌리썩이선충이 검출되었고, 감귤재배지에서는 감귤선충, 주름선충, 뿌리썩이선충, 뿌리혹선충 등이 검출되었다. 관엽식물, 차나무 및 감귤 재배지에서 뿌리썩이선충이 가장 우려되는 식물기생선충이었으나, 뿌리혹선충, 씨스트선충이 일부 검출되어 피해가 우려되므로 온탕침법, 유기농업자재의 사용, 잡초제거 등 식물기생선충의 방제 방법을 재배에 적용하여야 할 것이다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.138-142
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• 2003

Soil amendments with oriental herbal medicines such as fruit of Anethum graveolens, flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum, rhizome of Cnidium officinale, rhizome of Coptis chinensis, root bark of Paeonia suffructicosa, stem bark of phellodendron amurense, and stem bark of Cinnamomum cassia at the rate of 0.2％ (weight by volume of soil) significantly reduced Meloidogyne incognita infection (root gall formation) of tomato seedlings compared with the control. The most effective treatments were root bark of p. suffructicosa and stem bark of C. cassia as they gave minimum numbers of galls on tomato roots (4.7% and 8.9%, respectively, relative to control) as compared to other treatments. Another study with root bark of p. suffructicosa and C. cassia at different application doses also showed consistent results in reducing gall number. The control efficacy decreased as the application doses were lower-ed, indicating their dose-dependent control activities. These treatments significantly enhanced aboveground plant growths (total masses).

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2002

살선충제 2종(카두사포스, 포스치아제이트)을 땅콩뿌리혹선충(Meloidogyne arenaria)이 감염된 참외 재배 포장에 정식 전처리(전처리)및 재배중 처리(후처리)하고(각 1.8 g a. i./6$\m^2$), 이들의 뿌리혹선충 방제효과, 참외 수량에 미치는 영향 및 참외 과일내 농약잔류량에 대하여 비교 조사하였다. 살선충제가 뿌리혹선충 밀도에 미치는 효과는 5월에 가장 뚜렷하였다. 살선충제 처리구의 선충밀도는 무처리구 밀도의 10-65%이었으며 살선충제 중에서는 포스치아제이트(P=0.003)가, 처리방법에서는 전처리+후처리에서 효과가 높았다(밀도 90% 감소). 살선충제 처리구는 무처리구에 비하여 5월 수량은 평균 23%(11-38%), 6월 수량은 평균 39%(2-65%), 총수량으로는 평균 31%(12-46%)가 증수되는 경향으로 유의성은 낮았으나(P ＝ 0.085) 수량차이는 많았다. 카두사포스는 과일내 농약 잔류량이 0.008ppm이하로 후처리에 문제가 없었으나 포스치아제이트는 후처리 약 30일 후 참외 잔류허용 기준치(0.2ppm)를 초과하는 0.26ppm이 검출되었고, 그 외의 기간에 수확한 참외에서도 0.12ppm이상 높게 검출되었다. 살선충제 후처리에 의한 뿌리혹선충 방제법은 농약잔류위험성, 후반기의 낮은 참외 가격, 농약 비용, 안전농산물에 대한 소비자의 요구, 휴경 효과 등을 종합적으로 고려할 때 바람직하지 않은 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.250-254
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• 2007

식물 뿌리혹 선충인 Meloidogyne incognita에 살충성이 있는 Bacillus thuringiensis 108 균주를 분리 선별하였다. 이 균주는 Gram양성이며, 포자를 형성하고, 운동성이 활발하며, lecithinase 및 catalase활성을 나타내었다. 이 균주가 생산하는 결정형 내독소(d-endotoxin)는 bipyramid형이었고, 편모항원성에 따른 균주의 동정 결과 serotype 3으로 표준 균주인 B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki의 편모항원성과 일치하였다. B. thuringiensis 108균주의 항선충성 물질은 Sephadex G-25 gel filtration, 활성탄 흡착 chromatography, Silica gel 흡착 chromatography 및 Sephadex G-10 gel filtration을 이용하여 정제를 하였다. 최종 정제단계인 Sephadex G-10 gel filtration 후에 항선충 물질의 $LC_{90}$는 $1.2\;{\mu}g/ml$이었다. B. thuringiensis 108 균주가 생산하는 항선충성 물질은 $100^{\circ}C$ 열처리에서 안정하였으나 autoclave($110^{\circ}C$ 30 min)를 했을 때는 그 독성이 완전히 소실되었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.177-180
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• 2003

Pasteuria penetrans KW1 (PP), parasitic bacterium of nematode, was isolated from oriental melon greenhouse soil in Korea and evaluated for the suppression effect on the reproduction of southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (MI), in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Chungchima) and oriental melon (Cucumis melo L. var. Eunchun). Pot experiments were conducted by planting the lettuce seedlings in medium inoculated with 5,000 MI juveniles/pot (J), J +100,000 PP endospores/l g medium, and J +200,000 PP endospores/1 g medium. After 11 weeks of plantation, number of root galls in J +200,000 PP endospores/1 g medium was decreased to 92/root (38.9%, control effect), compared to the J of 150/root. In the second plantation of lettuce in the same pots, the numbers of root gall were significantly decreased in PP treated pots with 75 (77.2%, control effect) and 150/root (54.4%, control effect) in J +200,000 and J +100,000 PP endospores/1 g medium, respectively, compared to the J of 330/root when harvested at 10 weeks after planting. In oriental melon, root gall percentages were 32.1 (60.2%, control effect) and 52.9％ (34.5%, control effect) in J +200,000 and J + 1(10,000 endospores/l g medium which were significantly lower than that of 80.7％ in J.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.288-298
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• 2014

We examined the efficacy of a bacterium for biocontrol of the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne hapla in carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Among 542 bacterial isolates from various soils and plants, the highest nematode mortality was observed for treatments with isolate C1-7, which was identified as Bacillus cereus based on cultural and morphological characteristics, the Biolog program, and 16S rRNA sequencing analyses. The population density and the nematicidal activity of B. cereus C1-7 remained high until the end of culture in brain heart infusion broth, suggesting that it may have sustainable biocontrol potential. In pot experiments, the biocontrol efficacy of B. cereus C1-7 was high, showing complete inhibition of root gall or egg mass formation by RKN in carrot and tomato plants, and subsequently reducing RKN damage and suppressing nematode population growth, respectively. Light microscopy of RKN-infected carrot root tissues treated with C1-7 showed reduced formation of gall cells and fully developed giant cells, while extensive gall cells and fully mature giant cells with prominent cell wall ingrowths formed in the untreated control plants infected with RKNs. These histopathological characteristics may be the result of residual or systemic biocontrol activity of the bacterium, which may coincide with the biocontrol efficacies of nematodes in pots. These results suggest that B. cereus C1-7 can be used as a biocontrol agent for M. hapla.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2000

1995년 전국 8개도 37개점의 밭토양으로부터 분리한 52균주의 선충 포식성곰팡이를 이용하여 실내 및 온실에서 부식성선충과 뿌리혹선충을 이용하여 포식력을 비교하였다. 실내검정에서 부식성선충에 대하여 91% 이상의 포식력을 보인 균주는 51균주였고, 부리혹선충에 대하여는 26균주였으나, 온실 검정에서는 81%의 포식력을 보인 균주가 3균주로 온실검정과 실내 검정간 상관 유의성은 없었다. 선발된 3균주는 부식선충 및 뿌리혹선충에 대하여 실내 및 온실실험에서 모두 높은 포식력을 나타내었다. 이 실험으로 미루어 볼 때, 천적 포식성곰팡이 선발 시험은 반드시 포장 조건과 가장 유사한 상태에서 실시되어야 할 것으로 보인다.