• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1999

The conditions for callus formation and plant regeneration were confirmed in four varieties of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.). Among four varieties of alfalfa, "Vernal" expressed the highest rate for both of callus formation and plant regeneration. Otherwise, among SH(Schenk and Hildebrandt), MS(Murachige and Skoog) and N6 medium (Chu), SH medium was highest degree of efficiencies respectively in callus formatio and plant regeneration. In this study, we determined volume of hormones and other compounds appended in media. For callus formation, only $3mg/{\ell}$ of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) was appended in their media. For plant regeneration, the three kinds of media were used; the medium appended $5mg/{\ell}$ of NAA (1-naphtalene acetic acid) and $2mg/{\ell}$ of kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine), the medium appended $11mg/{\ell}$ of 2,4-D and $1mg/{\ell}$ of kinetin, and the medium appended $1.6g/{\ell}$ of ammonium sulfate and $5.75g/{\ell}$ of proline. We obtained alfalfa plants from callus by regeneration, about sixty five days later transfer calli to regeneration media.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.628-635
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• 2011

This study was conducted to establish the tissue culture system for Korean domestic Miscanthus sinensis, which is used in various purposes such as forage, and bio-energy resources. With the mature seed of Miscanthus, optimum concentrations of plant growth regulators were identified for an efficient callus induction and regeneration. Among the treatments of 1~10 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 2,4-D, IBA, or NAA, callus induction rate was highest (85.3%) on MS medium containing 5 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 2,4-D. Under the condition, the callus were efficiently induced and proliferated with comparably lower frequencies of callus browning. In shoot regeneration, the treatment of NAA combined with BAP seemed to contribute more efficient conditions to shoot regeneration than those of NAA with Kinetin or 2-iP. Especially, regeneration efficiency and number of regenerated plants were 83.7% and 5.5 in 3 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA with 5 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BAP, respectively, which were higher frequencies than those in NAA with Kinetin or 2-iP. In results, 5 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 2,4-D and 3 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA combined with 5 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BAP were efficient for embryogenic callus induction and regeneration of Miscanthus. This system would be useful for mass-propagation and developing new cultivars via tissue culture of Miscanthus sinensis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 1999

In order to find optimum conditions for somatic embryogenesis from different individual (2-year-old) in Aralia elata were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 3% sucrose, and 0.3% gelrite. We also investigated the effect of MS medium salt concentration, BA and ABA on the embryo germination and plant regeneration. While noticeable difference was observed on somatic embryo induction among different individual tree, no apparent difference was seen in both germination and regeneration frequencies. Compared with nonembryogenic calli, embryogenic calli tended to look yellow and/or pale brown in color, slowly growing and soft in their texture. Regardless of BA or ABA treatment, half-strength MS salt medium proved to be better than full strength MS medium in both embryo germination and plant regeneration. Both hypocotyl and cotyledon developments were slightly promoted by adding 0.1 mg/L BA. However, its effect on germination and regeneration seemed inferior to control. ABA treatment on somatic embryos at their torpedo and early cotyledonary stages resulted in poor response in germination and regeneration. Although most regenerated plantlets varied greatly in cotyledon number and shape, they could be developed into normal plants after 4 weeks in culture. More than 95% plantlets were acclimatized in an artificial soil mixture, successfully transplanted to nursery bed and grew normally without any phenotypic abnormalty.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.235-242
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• 2011

In order to improve forage characteristics of Italian ryegrass by genetic transformation, an efficient callus induction from mature seed and optimal plant regeneration system were established using a domestic cultivar 'Kospeed'. Addition of 5 mg/L of 2,4-D showed highest frequency of embryogenic callus induction from mature seeds. N6 medium showed higher frequency of both callus induction and plant regeneration as compared with MS and SH medium. The highest plant regeneration frequency 67% was obtained when embryogenic calli were transferred to N6 medium containing 1 mg/L 2,4-D and 5 mg/L BA. Supplementation of regeneration medium with sucrose at 30 g/L level maximized regeneration frequency as compared to the other concentrations. These data would be very helpful for molecular breeding of domestic Italian ryegrass cultivar through genetic transformation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.185-185
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• 2004

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.199-203
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• 2009

Rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa) is cultivated as a garden flower and an important genetic resource for the breeding of roses (R. hybrida). This study describes culture conditions for high frequency plant regeneration from zygotic embryo explants via somatic embryogenesis in rugosa rose. Mature zygotic embryo, cotyledon, and radicle explants formed embryogenic calluses at frequencies of 38, 6.7, and 8.8% when cultured on half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium (${\frac{1}{2}}MS$) supplemented with 2.26, 9.05, and $9.05{\mu}M$ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, respectively. Embryogenic calluses produced numerous somatic embryos, which then developed into plantlets on ${\frac{1}{2}}MS$ without growth regulators. Regenerated plantlets were grown to whole plants in a growth chamber.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.650-655
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• 1996

In order to investigate the effects of added magnetized water on the callus induction and plant regeneration in rice, 700G(G=Gauss) magnetized water were used. The callus in-duction and plant regeneration of rice in magnetized water treatment are different from the callus induction and plant regeneration in ionic water treatment. The rates of callus induction in magnetized water media were 27.3% in solid media and 15.4% in liquid which were compared to that of callus induction in the ionic water media 21 and 13.3%. Also plant regeneration frequency in the magnetic water media is 5.4% better than that of the ionic water media. And dissolved oxgen amount of magnetic culture media is from 0.1 ppm to 0.9 ppm more than that of ionic culture media. The pH value was increased with rising of water temperature, and the magnetic water was effected at increasing of pH value.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2006

To optimize tissue culture responses for genetic transformation of Kentucky bluegrass, the effects of culture medium supplements on tissue culture responses were investigated with mature seeds of a cultivar 'Newport' as explant tissues. The optimal concentration of 2,4-D (2.4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid) for the induction of embryogenic callus from mature seed was 3 mg/L. Plant regeneration frequency was 54% when embryogenic callus was cultured on the regeneration medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D and 3 mg/L of BA (6-benzyladenine). Addition of 1 g/L of casein hydrolysate and 500 mg/L of L-proline improved frequencies of embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration up to 60.8% and 58.3%, respectively. Regenerated plants were grown normally when shoots transplanted to the soil. A rapid and efficient plant regeneration system established in this study. We suggest that the results may be useful for molecular breeding of Kentucky bluegrass through genetic transformation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2003

Anthers from several lines of carrot (Daucus carota L.) were plated on the semi-solid B$_{5}$, basal medium supplemented with 2,4-D and NAA at two concentrations, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L plus 0.2 mg/L BAP (benzylaminop-urine). Anthers of the most lines on the B$_{5}$ basal medium with 2,4-D showed higher percentages of callus formation than those with NAA. Particularly, in line 45477, highest percentages of callus formation (50%) were observed on B$_{5}$ medium with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D plus 0.2 mg/L BAP. With 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, two months was sufficient for initiation of callus development. Calli were regenerated into plantlets through embryogenesis onto regeneration medium without any growth regulators. When callus showing yellowish and soft structure was cultured, it yielded green plants at high regeneration rates, The response of anthers in callus induction and plant regeneration was different among lines investigated. Optimal callus induction and plant regeneration could be obtained through manipulating the concentration of growth regulators. Plantlets after transfer to perlite were grown successfully in greenhouse conditions. Anther culture of carrot will be used as a useful breeding tool in future.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.527-539
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• 2023

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important vegetable and spice crop that has been cultivated worldwide. Pepper fruits have unique taste and aroma, providing a variety of antioxidants and compounds important for human health, which makes a high economic value. In addition, there is a high demand for new pepper varieties, according to consumer's preference. However, pepper is a recalcitrant plant for in vitro tissue and organ differentiation and plant regeneration, which makes it difficult to develop demanded varieties using newly developed technologies such as genetic engineering and gene editing. In this study, tissue culture and regeneration conditions were investigated using seven pepper varieties that were obtained from the core-collection of Seoul National University. We observed callus and bud induction and shoot formation using several media composition composed of different cytokinins and auxin concentrations. As a result, it was found that there were differences in callus induction and shoot formation of each variety depending on the hormone composition, and the highest regeneration was shown when the medium containing Zeatin Riboside and the petioles of seedlings were used. In particular, out of seven pepper varieties, CMV980 exhibited a higher regeneration efficiency (approximately 48%) than other varieties, followed by Yuwolcho. Therefore, this study provides CMV980 and Yuwolcho as good candidates that can be used for pepper transformation, which might contribute to the development of various varieties through gene editing technology in the future.