• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 2022

In this study, a plant tissue culture system was established for Atractylodes spp., an economically valuable medicinal crop in Korea that has low domestic production and is increasingly imported. In particular, Atractylodes ovata was treated with four types of cytokinins, 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), zeatin, kinetin, and thidiazuron (TDZ), in two different concentrations (0.5 and 1.0 mg/L). Among the four types of cytokinins, the BA treatment was effective for the shoot and root growth of A. ovata. Both the 0.5 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L concentrations of BA showed similar results; however, the 1.0 mg/L concentration of BA was more effective in promoting shoot and root growth. The treatments showed that the TDZ treatment was not effective for the shoot and root growth, except for the number of shoots and the fresh weight (FW) of the root; therefore, it was unsuitable for this species. In this study, we established a mass production system of A. ovata. Our results showed that direct in vitro regeneration may make a significant contribution to improving the cultivation of the medicinal plant A. ovata.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.385-387
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• 2002

Direct EPR evidence of the photo-generation of superoxide radicals ( $O_2$$^{-.}$) was obtained by using spin trapping techniques in spinach photosystem II (PSII) membranes. $O_2$$^{-.}$ was detected by following the formation of 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1 -pyrroline-N-oxide (DEPMPO) superoxide adducts, DEPMPO-OOH. The significant increase of the EPR signal amplitude of DEPMPO-OOH in N$H_2O$H-, CaC $l_2$- and NaCl-treated PSII membranes showed that the oxygen-evolving system has a close relation to the $O_2$$^{-.}$ production. PSII membranes with inactivated donor side could not prevent the $O_2$$^{-.}$ production efficiently. Treatments on PSII donor side also influence the maximum level and the kinetics of Chlorophyll (Chi) a fluorescence. Results suggested that manganese cluster and extrinsic proteins might affect Chi a fluorescence in ways different from that happens at the acceptor side of PSII.SII.SII.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2017

One of the major problems in strawberry production is difficulty in diagnosis of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum or Glomerella cingulata in latent infection stage. We here developed a diagnostic tool for the latent infection consisting of initial culturing of fungi, DNA extraction, synthesis of PCR-amplified probes and microtube hybridization (MTH) using a macroarray. The initial culturing step is convenient to lure the fungi out of the plant tissues, and to extract PCR-inhibitor-free DNA directly from fungal hyphae. For specific detection of the fungi, PCR primers were designed to amplify the fungal MAT1-2 gene. The subsequent MTH step using the PCR products as probes can replace the laborious electrophoresis step providing us sequence information and high-throughput screening. Using this method, we have conducted a survey for a few thousands nursery plants every year for three consecutive years, and finally succeeded in eliminating latent infection in the third year of challenge.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2001

This study was conducted to establish a plant cell culture system for the production of medically important secondary metabolites from Xanthium strumarium. The effects of plant growth regulators including NAA, 2,4-D, kinetin, and ABA were examined in terms of callus induction, maintenance of callus and suspension cultures. It was shown that callus was induced upon treatment with NAA while embryo was induced after treatment with 2,4-D. Callus formation was further improved by treatment with ABA and NAA. The level of callusing increased by 17-29% for the seed case, cotyledon, leaf, and hypocotyl and by 96% in the case of the root. Suspension cell lines were established using calli produced from cotyledon, hypocotyl and root and cultured at 25$\^{C}$ under light conditions. The cells grew up to 15g/L with NAA 2ppm, BA 2ppm, and ABA 1ppm treatment. Supernatants of suspension cultures of cell lines derived from coyledon and hypocotyl produced some distinctive secondary metabolites, one of which was identified as 8-epi-tomentosin, which belongs to the xanthanolides. The amounts of 8-epi-tomentosin produced by the cotyledon- and hypocotylderived cell lines were 13.4mg/L and 11.0mg/L, respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.233-236
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• 2006

Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in plasma and is the most often used intravenous protein in many human therapies. However, HSA is currently extracted only from plasma because commercially feasible recombinant expression systems are not available. This study attempted to develop an efficient system for recombinant HSA production by chloroplast transformation of tobacco. A HSA cDNA was isolated from a cDNA library constructed with human liver tissue. Chloroplast transformation vectors were constructed by introducing various regulatory elements to HSA regulatory sequences. Vectors were delivered by particle bombardment into leaf explants and chloroplast-transformed plants were subsequently regenerated into whole plants. Southern blot analysis confirmed that the HSA cDNA was incorporated between rps12 and orf70B of the chloroplast genome as designed. Western blot analysis revealed that hyper-expression and increasing the stability of HSA were achieved by modification of the regulatory sequences using the psbA5'UTRs in combination with elements of the 14 N-terminal amino acids of the GFP and the FLAG tag. However, only plants transformed with the vector containing all of these elements were able to accumulate HSA.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.675-681
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• 2015

β amyloid protein (Aβ) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and possibly in Aβ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Aβ can directly cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Overproduction of ROS is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration of AD. Here, we investigated 9 kinds of ramie (Boehmeria nivea, (L.) Gaud., BN; hereafter denoted as BN) for their protective action against oxidative stress in a cellular system using C6 glial cells. We observed loss of cell viability and high levels of ROS generation after treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and Aβ_25-35. However, treatments with BN extracts led to an increase in cell viability and decrease in ROS production induced by H2O2 and Aβ25-35. In particular, the extracts of BN-01 (seobang variety from Seocheon) and BN-09 (local variety from Yeonggwang) showed excellent anti-oxidative properties. This indicates that BN extracts could prevent neurodegeneration by reducing oxidative stress in cells.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.93-108
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• 2023

In manufacturing productivity analysis, understanding the intricate interplay among factors like facility performance, layout design, and workforce allocation within the production line is imperative. This paper introduces a simulation-based methodology tailored to food manufacturing, progressively expanding scenarios to analyze production enhancement. The target system is a food processing plant, encompassing production processes, including warehousing, processing, subdivision, packaging, inspection, loading, and storage. First, we analyze the target system and design a simulation model according to the actual layout arrangement of equipment and workers. Then, we validate the developed model reflecting the real data obtained from the target system, such as the workers' working time and the equipment's processing time. The proposed model aims to identify optimal factor values for productivity gains through incremental scenario comparisons. To this end, three stages of simulation experiments were conducted by extending the equipment and worker models of the subdivision and packaging processes. The simulation experiments have shown that productivity depends on the placement of skilled workers and the performance of the packaging machine. The proposed method in this study will offer combinations of factors for the specific production requirements and support optimal decision-making in the real-world field.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.371-375
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• 2014

This study was carried out to get the basic data to practically design an artificial light-used plant factory system for common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) cultivation. The adequate range of light intensity was $120-200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and the carbon fixed rates was $0.84nmolCO_2{\cdot}cm^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. When the planting density, light intensity, and yield were $0.0225m^2$ ($15{\times}15cm$), $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, and 1,000 plants per day, the total number of the plants, cultivated area, and total light intensities were estimated as 25,000 plants, $563m^2$, and $140,625{\mu}mol{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. About 153.2kW with 2,785 fluorescent lights (FL) needed for the electric power and the electricity charges was 2.46 million won for one month. At a harvest rate of 1,000 plants per day in closed-type plant factory, the light installation cost, total installation cost, and total production cost were 27.85, 83.56, and 100.27 million won, respectively. The production cost per plant including labor cost was calculated as 370 won, providing that the cultivation period was 25 days and marketable ratio was 80%. Considering the annual total expenses, incomes, and depreciation cost, the sales cost per plant could be estimated around 970 won or higher.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.376-380
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• 2001

The human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) was produced from cell suspension culture of transgenic tobacco which was transformed by using Agrobacterium harboring the hGM-CSF gene. To improve the production of hGM-CSF in batch culture system, the effects of initial sucrose concentration and inoculum size were investigated. The results show that the hGM-CSF production was not affected by small inoculum size in medium containing either low or high concentration of sucrose. However, the production of hGM-CSF was increased under increasing of the inoculum sizes and sucrose concentration. Under the combination of inoculum and sucrose concentration, the maximum hGM-CSF production of 720 $\mu$g/L was obtained at 90 g/L of initial sucrose concentration and 110 g/L of inoculum size.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2015

Climate change caused by elevated greenhouse gases would affect crop production through different pathways in agricultural ecosystems. Because an agricultural ecosystem has complex interactions between societal and economical environment as well as organisms, climate, and soil, adaptation measures in response to climate change on a specific sector could cause undesirable impacts on other sectors inadvertently. An integrated system, which links individual models for components of agricultural ecosystems, would allow to take into account complex interactions existing in a given agricultural ecosystem under climate change and to derive proper adaptation measures in order to improve crop productivity. Most of models for agricultural ecosystems have been used in a separate sector, e.g., prediction of water resources or crop growth. Few of those models have been desiged to be connected to other models as a module of an integrated system. Threfore, it would be crucial to redesign and to refine individual models that have been used for simulation of individual sectors. To improve models for each sector in terms of accuracy and algorithm, it would also be needed to obtain crop growth data through construction of super-sites and satellite sites for long-term monitoring of agricultural ecosystems. It would be advantageous to design a model in a sector from abstraction and inheritance of a simple model, which would facilitate development of modules compatible to the integrated prediction system. Because agricultural production is influenced by social and economical sectors considerably, construction of an integreated system that simulates agricultural production as well as economical activities including trade and demand is merited for prediction of crop production under climate change.