• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2007

High voltage pulsed electric fields (PEF) is a promising technology for the nonthermal extraction of effective components from biological materials. Plant cells were ruptured with PEF at ambient or refrigerated temperature for a short treatment time of second or microsecond. Treatments of coarsely ground purple sweet potato (PSP) with PEF(30 kV/cm, 500 Hz) resulted in maximum extraction yield of 65% as compared with 45-50% for control. An increase in electric field strength (from 10kV/cm to 35kV/cm) and frequency (from 100Hz to 500Hz) resulted in increased amount of extracted pigments, but treatment time is not affected on pigment extraction. Starch granules were not detected and large intracellular spaces were visible between the cells on light and scanning election microscopy of PEF treated PSP. This result suggests that PEF have potential to use on extraction of pigments from plant cells.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.329-332
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• 2001

The stability of red pigment isolated from RF101 was determined over a period of storage for the pH, light, temperature and various metal ions. The absorption maximum of red pigment was 510nm. Red pigment was stable from pH 5 to pH 9 and in dark conditions. It was also stable against temperature below $25^{\circ}C$ and in $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, Antibacterial activity of RF101 showed growth-inhibitory activity against plant pathogens Agrobacterium spp.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.90-99
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to develope eco-printing method using natural pigments and chitosan as a natural binder. Three chitosans with different molecular weights were employed to find appropriate conditions including chitosan concentration and pigment/binder ratio. Dye uptake, color and fastnesses of the printed fabrics were evaluated to find optimum conditions within the range of experiments carried out in this study. The effectiveness of chitosan as a printing binder was examined in comparison with color, dye uptake, and fastnesses of conventional synthetic binder and guar gum. It was found that chitosans with low or medium molecular weight were appropriate. Using low molecular weight chitosan, optimum concentrations were 1.7% for charcoal, madder and chlorophyll, whereas 2.2% for ocher, yellow soil, indigo and cochineal. Regardless of molecular weight and concentration of chitosan, the color fastnesess of fabrics printed with mineral pigments were superior to those of the fabrics printed with plant and animal pigments. As pigment/chitosan ratio became higher, rubbing fastness was decreased by 1-3 grade. The colorfastness of printed fabric with chitosan binder was similar to that with synthetic binder, which was higher than that with guar gum.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.113-121
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• 1982

The effects of 6 biocides on the growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardii in pure culture were studied. For the batch culture assay of biocides, the growth rate in control tubes should be compared with in the test tubes and the effective concentration calculated on the basis of the percent decrease in growth rate at the different toxicant concentration. The concentrations at which 50% decrease in growth rate was observed are $40{\mu}g$/l for butachlor and $350{\mu}g$/l for alachlor in herbicide, $900{\mu}g$/l for phenazine-5-oxide and $3,400{\mu}g$/l for isoprothiolane in fungicide, and $3,330{\mu}g$/l for fenthion and $332,500{\mu}g$/l for trichlorfon in insecticide. The inhibitory effect on the growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardii by the treatment of various biocide concentrations was decreased in order of herbicide>fungicide>insecticide. Chlorophyll and carotenoid content per cell were increased, whereas chlorophyll a/b ratio was hardly affected by biocides. The effects of biocides on pigment content were also decreased in order of herbicide>fungicide>insecticide, which suggested the relationship between the effect of biocides on the pigment content and inhibition of growth rate.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.318-322
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• 2017

The study was carried out to determine the changes of growth characteristics, anthocyanidin, and brown rice yield grown at coast and inland areas apart from the east coastline of Gyeongsangbuk-do province. Number of spikelets per panicle was much more increased in inland area. Regional difference in number of spikelets per panicle was observed in Jeongjinju cultivar. Among these red rice cultivars, the highest brown rice yield was Jeongjinju rice cultivar having 702 kg in inland area and 692 ㎏ in coast area, respectively. Anthocyanidin content ranged 524 to $610{\mu}g/g$ dry weight basis. Cyanidin content was 11.4 to 14.0 times higher than that of delphinidin under coast and inland area. Anthocyanidin content was higher in rice cultivar grown at coast area. Highest head brown rice rate was only observed in Geonganghongmi to 95.2 at coast area and 95.4 inland area. In considering brown rice yield and pigment content, Hongjinju rice cultivar was recommended in optimal pigment rice cultivar in eastern coast of Gyeongsangbuk-do Province.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1979

Fungi which produce red pigment were isolated from tapioca chips, Korean Koji, air, and plant leaves. Among the Fungi, T-1 strain was selected as test strain. This strain was identified as a Monatcus sp. by the morphological propeties. Various culture conditions, and physical and physiological characteristics of red pigment were studied. According to the studies of culture conditions, optimum condition was found to be pH 6.5; 4 days of incubation; temperature, 32~33 c: 3.5％ of Tapioca chips powder as carbon source, 0.2％ of sodium nitrate as nitrogen source and 100 ml of medium in the 500 ml Erlenmyer flask at a rotary shaker (rpm180) as aeration condition. Also effective levels of vitamins, amino acids and inorganic compounds was found to be l$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of folic acid and niacin; 0.3％ of L-arginine, L-glutamic acid and L-proline; and 0.001％ of manganese dioxide giving good results.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.267-275
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• 2009

Over the years, cyanobacteria have been regarded as ideal model systems for studying fundamental biochemical processes like oxygenic photosynthesis and carbon and nitrogen assimilation. Additionally, they have been used as human foods, sources for vitamins, proteins, fine chemicals, and bioactive compounds. Aiming to increase plant productivity as well as nutritional values, cyanobacterial genes involved in carbon metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and pigment biosynthesis have been intensively exploited as alternatives to homologous gene sources. In this short review, transgenic plants with cyanobacterial genes generated over the last two decades are examined, and the future prospects for transgenic crops using cyanobacterial genes obtained from functional genomics studies of numerous cyanobacterial genomes information are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2012

This study was conducted to clarify the antimicrobial effects and radical scavenging activities of the cosmetic compositions having the natural plant pigments, and to enhance the natural materials utilization of cosmetics. The antimicrobial activities of the fifteen kinds of cosmetic composition having natural plant pigments were evaluated using the agar diffusion method. Most of the cosmetic composition having the natural pigments showed the clear zone formation of growth inhibition against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aspergillus flavus. Especially, purple sweet potato, bitter melon, mulberry leaf and gromwell showed the higher antimicrobial activities. All the cosmetic compositions were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging capacity and nitrite scavenging ability activity. Both of the free radical DPPH and nitrite scavenging ability was the highest in the cosmetic compositions of onion peel, and these antioxidant activity was significant differences according to different plant pigments. In this study, we conjectured that the plant pigment had the potent biological activities, therefore these plant resources having functional components could be a good materials for development into source of natural cosmetics.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 1999

Safflower is an important medicinal plant that has been used in China, Korea and Japan for thousands of years. The red and yellow pigments obtained from the petals of safflower can invigorate blood, release stagnation and promote menstruation. In addition, these pigments are used safely in processed foods and soft drinks as naturally harmless rotor additives. On the other hand, the seed of safflower contains 30-40% oil with higher level of mono- and poly-unsaturated fatfy acid profiles and elevated levels of $\alpha$-tocopherol. In this paper, we describe advances in the production of pigments and $\alpha$-tocopherol by cell culture in safflower.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.598-602
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• 1998

Twenty two rhizobacteria were isolated from the roots and rhizosphere of radish, carnation, potato and tomato. There isolates produced a fluorescent pigment in King's B medium and identified as Pseudomonas spp. These isolates colonized roots and rhizosphere of the host plants. In the study of cultural characteristics of the bacteria, the pH of the culture broth was changed from neutral (7.0) to alkali (8.8∼9.41) and the numbers of cells were increased from 106 to 108 after 40 hr of incubation in basal standard succinate medium. The salicylic acid production identified by pink color reaction were observed in 7 bacteria. Out of these 7 salicylic acid producing bacteria, only 2 strains of bacteria such as Pseudomonas fluorescens RS006, and Pseudomonas sp. EN401 were confirmed as salicylic acid producers by optical density measurement. Therefore, for screening of salicylic acid producing bacteria from the roots and rhizosphere, color reaction of the culture medium should be done in the first step, and then optical density measurement of culture extract should be made for the confirmation of salicylic acid production.