• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.200-218
• /
• 2003

Phenolic compounds in food and plant materials belong to the simple phenols, phenolic acids, coumarins, flavonoids, stilbenes, tannins, lignans and lignins, all of which are considered as secondary plant metabolites. These compounds may be synthesized by plants during normal development or in response to stress conditions. Phenolics are not distributed uniformly in plants. Insoluble phenolics are components of cell walls while soluble ones are present in vacuoles. A cursory account of phenolics of cereals, beans, pulses, fruits, vegetables and oilseeds is provided in this overview. The information on the bioavailability and absorption of plant phenolics remains fragmentary and diverse. Pharmacological potentials of food phenolics ave extensively evaluated. However, there are many challenges that must be overcome in order to fully understand both the function of phenolics in plant as well as their health effects.

• 한국식물병리학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.3-7
• /
• 1987

도열병에 대해 감수성을 보이는 낙동과 성체식물저항성을 보이는 도봉의 건전엽과 도열병 감염엽내의 에탄올가용성 아미노산과 페놀화합물을 양적으로 분석하였다. 접종 3일후에는 가용성 아미노산과 페놀화합물의 수준은 건전엽과 비슷하였다. 도열병 병반이 접종 5일 후에 감염엽에 나타났을 때 가용성 아미노산과 페놀화합물은 5엽기와 3엽기에서 증가하기 시작하였고, 접종 7일 후에서는 이들 화합물의 수준은 5엽기와 8엽기에서 건전엽보다 약 $1.5\~3$배 더 많았다. 도열병 감염동안 비록 도봉이 도열병에 대해 낙동보다 덜 감염되었지만 5엽기와 8엽기의 건전엽과 감염엽에서 성체식물저항성 품종 도봉의 가용성 아미노산 및 페놀화합물 함량은 감수성 품종 낙농의 함량보다 높았다. 벼품종 도봉이 도열병에 감염동안 아미노산과 페놀화합물 함량이 현저하게 증가하여 성체식물저항성이 발현하는데 중요한 역할을 할지 모른다.

• 한국식물병리학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.93-99
• /
• 1987

포장에서 도열병에 대하여 저항성이 다른 6개의 벼 품종을 일정한 환경조건에서 재배하여 벼 잎에 함유되어 있는 탄수화물, 아미노산 및 페놀화합물 함량과 식물의 여러 발육시기 및 벼 잎의 나이가 어떠한 관계가 있는지 연구하였다. 벼가 발육하는 동안 벼 잎에 함유되어 있는 탄수화물, 총 아미노산 및 페놀 화합물의 함량에 있어서 감수성 품종과 성체식물저항성 품종간에 유의차는 없었다. 단지 성체식물저항성 품종인 도봉만이 식물이 발육하는 동안 다른 품종에 비해 inositol함량이 가장 적었다. sucrose, inositol, glucose 및 fructose 함량은 모든 품종에서 5엽기보다 8엽기에서 증가하였으나 12엽기에서는 약간 감소하였다. 반면에 총 아미노산과 페놀화합물은 식물이 발육하는 동안 점차로 감소하였다. 건전한 5엽이 노쇠함에 따라 가용성 아미노산과 페놀화합물의 함량은 점차 증가하였으나 품종간의 품종간의 유의차는 없었다. 특히 도봉품종의 노쇠한 5엽에서 페놀화합물이 가장 높았다. 벼가 성숙하여 감에 따라 또한 노쇠한 벼 잎에서 도열병에 대하여 저항성이 증가되는 것은 아마도 도열병의 발생에 상이하게 작용하는 벼의 발육과 벼 잎이 노쇠하는 동안에 일어나는 생리적인 변화에서 기인하는 상이한 현상일지도 모른다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.304-307
• /
• 2007

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.104-109
• /
• 2016

Rosa rugosa is a medicinal, ornamental, and edible plant native to Eastern Asian countries, including Korea, Japan, and China. The aim of this study was to establish a system for biomass production and secondary metabolite accumulation during in vitro culture and acclimatization of Rosa rugosa. The highest rate of multiple shoot proliferation was achieved with $8.8{\mu}M$ benzyladenine (BA) (83.3%). However, the number of shoots (14.4 per explant) at $4.4{\mu}M$ BA was higher than that at $8.8{\mu}M$ BA. Compared to BA, a combination of thidiazuron (TDZ) and indole butyric acid (IBA) exhibited significantly lower shoot induction, with only 50.0~79.2% and 4.2~16.7% relative shoot formation, respectively. During acclimatization, shoots were sampled every week and their total phenolic contents were analyzed. Among various growth factors, fresh weight showed the most dramatic increase from the 3rd week (88.0 mg/plant) to 4th week (132.7 mg/plant). Total phenolics and flavonoids contents were the highest at $1^{st}$ week of acclimatization. Depending on developmental stages, total phenolics and flavonoids contents were higher in 1-yr-old shoots grown ex vitro than in those of older field-grown or in vitro-grown plants. Amongst different ages of field grown plants, 6-year-old plants, the oldest in this study, showed the lowest content in total phenolics.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.163-175
• /
• 2008

Phenolic compounds play a major role in the interaction of plants with their environment. They are thought to have been a feature of higher plants since early colonization of the land. Phenolics are crucial for many important aspects of plant life. They can play structural roles in different supporting or protective tissues, for example in cell walls, they can be involved in defence strategies, and signalling properties particularly in the interactions between plants and their environment. In brown algae, phenolic compounds are contained within membrane bound vesicles known as physodes, and their roles in algae are thought to be similar to those of higher plant phenolics. They can be stained using various histochemical stains, however, none of these stains are phenolic specific so care must be taken during interpretation of such results. Many, but not all phenolics are also autofluorescent under UV or violet light. Physodes are involved in cell wall construction, both in primary and secondary walls in brown algae. They bind together with other wall components to make a tough wall. They have also been found to play a role at fertilization, in blocking polyspermy in some species. Sperm are very quickly rendered immobile after phenolic release from newly fertilized zygotes seconds after fertilization. Phenolic compounds are thought to be important herbivore deterrents in some species due to their astringent nature. Phenolic compounds also offer effective UV protection in the early life stages and also the adults of many algal species. In the future, this factor may also make them an important player in the pharmaceutical and skincare industries.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.159-168
• /
• 2013

대두, 녹두, 및 동부 종자로 7일간 재배된 새싹나물의 생육, 폴리페놀 함량, 플라보노이드 함량, 항산화성 및 항산화효소 활성 차이를 검토하였다. 작물별 새싹나물의 총 신장은 녹두와 콩이 동부보다 유의적으로 컸으며 생체중은 오히려 콩과 동부가 녹두보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. Folin-Denis방법에 따른 총 페놀 함량은 콩나물의 메탄올 추출물(82.2 mg $kg^{-1}$)이 가장 높았으며, 그 다음이 동부나물(32.2 mg $kg^{-1}$), 녹두나물(24.5 mg $kg^{-1}$) 순으로 나타났다(p < 0.05). 한편, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 총 페놀 함량과 같은 경향을 보였으나 더 낮은 함량이 검출되었다. DPPH 라디컬 소거능은 추출물 농도가 증가할수록 높은 활성을 보였으며 전체적으로 낮은 활성이었으나 동부와 녹두 추출물(44와 42%)이 콩나물(25%)보다 비교적 높은 활성을 보였다. 항산화효소 활성은 APX와 POX활성은 동부가 가장 높았고 그 다음이 녹두, 콩 순으로 나타났고, CAT와 SOD 활성은 콩나물이 동부와 녹두나물보다 높게 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 총 페놀 함량($r^2$ = 0.53 ~ 0.90)과 총 플라보노이드 함량($r^2$ = 0.47 ~ 0.94)은 항산화성과 항산화효소 활성에 높은 연관성이 있으며, 그 함량과 활성은 작물별로 다르게 나타남을 확인하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제58권3호
• /
• pp.232-238
• /
• 2013

새싹재배기에서 7일간 재배된 동부 새싹나물의 부위별 생육, 폴리페놀 함량, 플라보노이드 함량, 항산화성 및 항산화효소 활성 차이를 검토하였다. Folin-Denis방법에 따른 총 페놀 함량은 동부나물 자엽의 메탄올 추출물(48.8 mg $kg^{-1}$)이 가장 높았으며, 그 다음이 뿌리(30.8 mg $kg^{-1}$), 하배축(22.2 mg $kg^{-1}$) 순으로 나타났다(p < 0.05). 한편, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 총 페놀 함량과 같은 경향을 보였으나 더 낮은 함량이 검출되었다. DPPH 라디컬 소거능은 추출물 농도가 증가할수록 높은 활성을 보였으며 동부나물 자엽의 추출물(82.5%)에서 가장 높았으며, 그 다음이 뿌리(52.6%), 하배축(35.0%) 순으로 나타났다(p < 0.05). 항산화효소 활성은 APX와 CAT 활성은 하배축에서 가장 높았고 POX와 SOD 활성은 뿌리가 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 이런 경향은 재배 후 5일과 7일째 동부나물에서 같게 나타났다. 따라서 상관분석에 따르면 총 페놀 함량이 총 플라보노이드 함량보다 항산화성과 항산화효소 활성에 더 높은 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타났고 그 생리활성물질 함량과 그 활성 정도는 부위별로 다르게 나타났다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.413-419
• /
• 2008

Phenolics level, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant were determined from the methanol extracts of the eight medicinal plants using roots. Total phenolics were found as the highest levels in the methanol extracts of Arctium lappa, and followed by Youngia sonchifolia and Cirsium japonicum. Total amount of the each phenol compounds were detected in C. japonicum extracts ($319.2\;mg\;kg^{-1}$) as the greatest component, and followed by A. lappa ($96.3\;mg\;kg^{-1}$) and Y. sonchifolia ($22.9\;mg\;kg^{-1}$). Total flavonoid content showed the highest amount in methanol extracts from A. lappa (68.1 mg $100\;g^{-1}$) and followed by Y. sonchifolia (11.2 mg $100\;g^{-1}$) Lycoris radiate extracts (87.2%) had the highest nitrite scavenging activity and followed by A. lappa (81.5%) and Y. sonchifolia (77.5%). Methanol extracts of A. lappa at 25 mg $100\;g^{-1}$ exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity by 90.8%, even though less activity than synthetic antioxidants Vitamin C or butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Level of polyphenols was highly correlated with anti oxidative activity ($r^2$ = 0.85). The results suggest that several medicinal plants selected had the potent biological activities, and that their activities were differential depending on plant species.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.330-340
• /
• 2019

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the integrated effect of zinc (Zn) with other nutrients in managing early blight (EB) disease in tomato. A pot experiment was carried out with basal application of the recommended level of macronutrients [nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK)] and micronutrients [magnesium (Mg) and boron (B)] in bilateral combination with Zn (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) in a completely randomized deigned in replicates. Results revealed that interactive effect of Zn with Mg or B was often futile and in some cases synergistic. Zn with NPK yield synergistic outcome, therefore EB disease was managed significantly (disease incidence: 25% and percent severity index: 13%), which resulted in an efficient signaling network that reciprocally controls nutrient acquisition and uses with improved growth and development in a tomato plant. Thus, crosstalk and convergence of mechanisms in metabolic pathways resulted in induction of resistance in tomato plant against a pathogen which significantly improved photosynthetic pigment, total phenolics, total protein content and defense-related enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)]. The tremendous increase in total phenolics and PAL activity suggesting their additive effect on salicylic acid which may help the plant to systemically induce resistance against pathogen attack. It was concluded that interactive effect of Zn (5.0 mg/kg) with NPK significantly managed EB disease and showed positive effect on growth, physiological and biochemical attributes therefor use of Zn + NPK is simple and credible efforts to combat Alternaria stress in tomato plants.