• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

OSCC is currently the most common malignancy of the head and neck, affecting tens of thousands of patients per year worldwide. Natural flavonoids from plants are potential sources for novel anti-cancer drugs. Icariin is the active ingredient of flavonol glycoside, which is derived from the medical plant Herba Epimedii. A metabolite of icariin, icariside II exhibits a variety of pharmacological actions, including anti-rheumatic, anti-depressant, cardiovascular protective, and immunomodulatory functions. However, the exact mechanism causing the apoptosis-inducing effect of icariside II in OSCC is still not fully understood. In the present study, we assessed the anti-cancer effect of icariside II in OSCC cell lines by measuring its effect on cell viability, cell proliferation, and mitochondria membrane potential (MMP). Icariside II treatment of OSCC cells resulted in a dose- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability. Hoechst staining indicated apoptosis in icariside II-treated HSC cells. Icariside II inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in HSC cells, with significant increases in all present parameters in HSC-4 cells. The results clearly suggested that icariside II induced apoptosis via activation of intrinsic pathways and caspase cascades in HSC-4 cell lines. The collective findings of the study suggested that Icariside II is a potential treatment for OSCC; in addition, the data could provide a basis for the development of a novel anti-cancer strategy.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.314-322
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• 2019

A worsened drought in Chungnam province of Korea due to climate change and increasing water demand at Daesan industrial complex have motivated the 100,000 ㎥/d seawater desalination project. In this study, therefore, the comprehensive analysis of parameters affecting the reverse osmosis (RO) performance was conducted. Under the various conditions of feedwater salinity and temperature in Daesan, energy consumption was calculated as 2.39 ± 0.13 kWh/㎥. The decrease in membrane flux and recovery rate positively impacted annual operation cost. The average total dissolved solids (TDS) of the permeate and energy consumption with highly permeable membrane according to the membrane manufacturer were 3.84 mg/L and 2.22 ± 0.13 kWh/㎥, respectively. In addition, energy saving up to 0.29 kWh/㎥ or cost reduction of membrane module up to 15.6% is expected by changing the RO configuration from full two pass to partial or split partial two pass.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.783-790
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• 1998

New process development of nuclear fuel fabrication for nuclear power plant was attempted by induction plasma technology with yttria-stabilized-zirconia ($\textrm{ZrO}_{2}$-$\textrm{Y}_{2}\textrm{O}_{3}$)powder, similar to $\textrm{UO}_{2}$, in the respect of melting point and physicochemical characteristics. Extent of powder melting was affected greatly by plasma plate power and particle size. Being optimized such as, sheath gas composition, probe position, particle size and spraying distance, dense deposit of 97.91% T.D. with deposition rate 20mm/min was attained at the condition of 120/20$\ell$/min of Ar/$\textrm{H}_{2}$ flow rate, 80kw of plate power, 8cm of probe position, 200Torr of chamber pressure and 18cm of spraying distance. The pellet of 96.5% of theoretical density was formed with homogeneity and nice exterior view at the best condition of deposition experiments, and the possibility of new nuclear pellet fabrication process was confirmed. The main and interrelated effects on deposit density were assessed by ANOVA(Ana1ysis of Variance).

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.90-102
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• 2010

Effect of ethanol (ASE) and water (ASW) extracts of Argyreia speciosa on blood glucose and lipid profile was investigated in normoglycemic and Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animals. In oral glucose and sucrose tolerance test, treatment with ASE and ASW (100 and 200 mg/kg) and Glidenclamide (10 mg/kg) significantly improved the glucose and sucrose tolerance in normal animals. In addition, respective treatment for fifteen-day resulted in significant percentage reduction in serum glucose (SG) ie., 30.39% (lower dose of ASE) and 33.21% (higher dose of ASW). In standardized STZ (50 mg/kg, iv)-induced diabetic rats, a single dose of ASE and ASW treatment exhibited reduction in SG levels at different time intervals compared to basal levels. Administration of both the doses of ASE and ASW for fifteen-day days exhibited greater percentage reduction in glycemia (24.6%, 24.7%, 23.9% and 21.9% respectively) and also ameliorated restored to near normal value of all tested lipid parameters. Further, treatment also exhibited significantly improved glucose tolerance over the period of 120 min compared to diabetic control group. Eventhough treatment failed to increase serum insulin levels significantly but peripheral utilization of insulin was increased as evident by insulin tolerance test. Taken together, present study supports the traditional usage of title plant in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to examine the drying shinkage and autogenuous shrinkage strains of heavyweight magnetite concrete. As a main parameters, cement was partially replaced by fly ash (FA) from 5% to 35%. The measured shrinkage strains were compared with predictions obtained from CEB-FIP equations and Yang et al.'s model. Test results showed that the magnitite of the autogenous and total shrinkage strains of heavyweight concrete slightly increased as the amount of fly ash increases up to 15%, beyond which the strains tended to decrease. The CEB-FIP equations considerably underestimated the shrinkage behavior of heavyweight concrete, indicating that this trend was more notable with the age. On the other hand, Yang et al.'s model predicted accurately the shrinkage of heavyweight concrete.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.270-274
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the combining ability of japonica rices for improving the salinity tolerance at seedling stage. Nine varieties used in partial diallel analysis included three varieties of each tolerant, moderately tolerant and susceptible one. Twelve-day-old seedlings were grown in saline solution, initially at an EC of 6 dS /m for four days, followed by an EC of 12 dS /m for 20 days. The agronomic characters at seedling stage such as plant height, dry shoot weight and dry root weight were measured to analyze for combining ability of the parents. General combining ability(GCA) and specific combining ability(SCA) effects were highly significant for all tested parameters. However, mean squares for GCA were about five times larger than that for SCA suggesting the preponderance of additive gene action. Among tolerant varieties, Gaori and Namyang 7 were good combiner for improving the salinity tolerance at seedling stage in GCA as well as SCA.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.7
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• pp.27.1-27.8
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• 2016

Background: Studies on prevalence of pale, soft, exudative (PSE) condition in Sri Lankan poultry industry is minimal. Hence, the objective of present study was to determine the incidence of PSE chicken meat in a commercial meat processing plant and to find out its consequences on meat quality traits of roasted chicken breast. Method: A total of 60 breast fillets were randomly selected, evaluated based on color L* value, and placed into 1 of 2 categories; PSE (L* > 58) or normal meat ($L*{\leq}58$). A total of 20 breast fillets (10 PSE and 10 normal) were then analyzed for color, pH, and water holding capacity (WHC). After processing those into roasted chicken breast, cooking loss, color, pH, WHC, and texture values were evaluated. A sensory evaluation was conducted using 30 untrained panelists. Results: The incidence of PSE meat was 70 % in the present experiment. PSE fillets were significantly lighter and had lower pH values compared with normal fillets. Correlation between the lightness and pH was negative (P < 0.05). Although there was no significant difference in color, texture, and WHC values between the 2 groups after processing into roasted chicken breast (P > 0.05), an approximately 3 % higher cooking loss was observed in PSE group compared to its counterpart (P < 0.05). Moreover, cooking loss and lightness values showed a significant positive correlation. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in sensory parameters between the 2 products (P > 0.05). Conclusions: These results indicated that an economical loss can be expected due to the significantly higher cooking loss observed in roasted breast processed from PSE meat.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.166-176
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• 2018

The n-alkanes which are stable compounds in the atmosphere are emitted by anthropogenic sources and biological sources. The goal of this study is to understand characteristics of n-alkane distributions in $PM_{2.5}$ of the Anmyeon Island which is one of background site in Korea. The concentration of n-alkanes in $PM_{2.5}$ was measured at Anmyeon Island for one year from June 2015 to May 2016. The average concentration of total n-alkanes (${\sum}$ n-alkanes) from C20 to C34 was $14.02{\pm}10.26ng\;m^{-3}$ and ranged from 1.77 to $47.65ng\;m^{-3}$. Various diagnostic parameters were used to identify the source. As a result, it is considered that Anmyeon Island had a large influence of biological sources during non-heating period, while the influence of anthropogenic emission during the heating period was significant. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was performed and yielded three components that accounted for 93.6% of the total variance in n-alkanes. Factor 1, which accounted for 42.3% of the total variance, indicated anthropogenic source including fossil fuel and biomass combustion, while, Factor 3 was interpreted as the biological sources such as plant wax.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.1 s.140
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• pp.44-49
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• 2005

The protective effects of the DWP-04 [DDB : selenium yeast: glutathione {31.1 : 6.8 : 62.1 (%, w/w)} against hepatotoxicity by carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)$ were studied in rats. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with $CCl_4$ (50% in com oil) at initial dose of 1 ml/kg followed by 0.5 ml/kg 3 times during 1 week. The DWP-04 (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) or its vehicle was administered everyday before the start of $CCl_4$ injection for two weeks. $CCl_4$ induced hepatocelluar degeneration and necrosis, which led to a great increase in serum aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase activity and serum lipid levels. It was found by biochemical analysis that $CCl_4$ treatment remarkably increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and physphatidylcholine hydroperoxide in hepatic tissues and induced antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Liver and serum lipids were significantly lower in rats fed on DWP-04 than in rats induced by $CCl_4$ only-treatment. These results suggested that the DWP-04 could be a promising candidate for the protection of liver injury based on the preventive effects against lipid peroxidation and serum biochemical parameters.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.222-226
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• 2017

Flavonoids including quercetin and rutin are a group of naturally occurring compounds widely distributed in plants, especially in buckwheat. Thus, cereal and the leaf of the plant have increasingly used as a source of nutritional and functional foods such as noodle, cake or soup in Korea, Japan and other countries. This study investigated comparative effects of dietary rutin rich in buckwheat and its aglycone, quercetin, on serum biomarkers and antioxidant parameters in rats treated with chronic ethanol. Rats were fed with the liquid diets prepared by the method of Lieber Decarli. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities increased significantly by alcohol feeding. Dietary flavonoids including rutin, quercetin and their mixtures (1/1, v/v) decreased significantly the activities of serum ALT whereas the feeding of quercetin decreased only the activity of serum AST. The concentration of serum malondialdehydes elevated by chronic alcohol feeding decreased markedly in all the experimental groups that were fed with the flavonoids; however, the combined administration of quercetin or rutin, but not that of rutin or quercetin alone decreased significantly the concentration of liver malondialdehydes to the normal range in rats fed without ethanol. Our results suggested that dietary combined mixture of rutin and quercetin might be effective in ameliorating adverse responses seen in rats exposed to ethanol chronically.