• Title/Summary/Keyword: plant observation

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A Long Term Observation of Total Cholesterol, Blood Pressure, BMI and Blood Glucose Concerned with Dietary Intake (장기간 관찰에 의한 식생활과 혈청 총 콜레스테롤, 혈압, 체질량지수 및 혈당과의 관련성 연구)

  • 김인숙;서은아
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.172-184
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    • 2000
  • To establish a basic cohort which can survey the nutrient and food intake related to the health status of the middle and old-aged vertically, a longitudinal survey of 110 adults over forty years old was conducted three times in Chon-ju city over 5 years (1994-1999), and the influences of health status by changes in their nutrient and food intake were examined in this study. The results were as follows ; The number of subjects was 110(43 man, 67 women), 10.0% in their forties, 28.2% in their fifties, 45.4% in their sixties 6.4% over seventy, and their average age was 61.4. There were decrease of height about 1cm , increase of body fat % and few changes of BMI during the testing period. As the subjects were aging, the percentage of anemia increased, but averages of blood pressure and blood glucose(men : 91.8mg/㎗, women : 90.3mg/㎗) were constant. Total cholesterol increased from 196.7mg/㎗ to 212.6mg/㎗(P 0.05) over five years, and the numerical values for women were higher than that of men. In many cases, lack of nutrient intake was shown, as compared with the Recommended Dietary allowance(RDA) especially calcium and vitamin A(71.7%, 64.9% of RDA). Grains intake showed a tendency to decrease(P 0.01). On the contrary, fruit intake showed a tendency to increase(P 0.001). On whole meal, plant foods were 85.1% and animal foods were 14.9%. As dietary factors influencing health status were investigated, blood glucose was influenced by vitamin B$_2$, potatoes and triglyceride, DBP and SBP were affected by vitamin B$_1$, vitamin C, legumes, fishes, triglyceride and age. Total cholesterol was under the influence of triglyceride, milk, seeds and fat. BMI was influenced by iron, SBP, animal food, and age.

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Isolation and Characterization of Bacillus sp. Producing Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics Against Human and Plant Pathogenic Fungi

  • Chen, Na;Jin, Min;Qu, Hong-Mei;Chen, Zhi-Qiang;Chen, Zhao-Li;Qiu, Zhi-Gang;Wang, Xin-Wei;Li, Jun-Wen
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.256-263
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    • 2012
  • A strain of bacterium producing antifungal antibiotic was isolated and identification of the strain was attempted. We could identify the bacterium as being a Bacillus sp., based on morphological observation, physiological characteristics, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, thus leading us to designate the strain as Bacillus sp. AH-E-1. The strain showed potent antibiotic activity against phytopathogenic and human pathogenic fungi by inducing mycelial distortion and swelling and inhibiting spore germination. The antibiotic metabolite produced by the strain demonstrated excellent thermal and pH (2-11) stability, but was labile to autoclaving. From these results, we could find a broader antifungal activity of Bacillus genus. Isolation and characterization of the active agent produced by the strain are under progress.

Retrieval of Key Hydrological Parameters in the Yellow River Basin Using Remote Sensing Technique

  • Dong, Jiang;Jianhua, Wang;Xiaohuan, Yang;Naibin, Wang
    • Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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    • 2002.10a
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    • pp.721-727
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    • 2002
  • Precipitation evapotranspiration and runoff are three key parameters of regional water balance. Problems exist in the traditional methods for calculating such factors , such as explaining of the geographic rationality of spatial interpolating methods and lacking of enough observation stations in many important area for bad natural conditions. With the development of modern spatial info-techniques, new efficient shifts arose for traditional studies. Guided by theories on energy flow and materials exchange within Soil-Atmosphere-Plant Continuant (SPAC), retrieval models of key hydrological parameters were established in the Yellow River basin using CMS-5 and FengYun-2 meteorological satellite data. Precipitation and evapotranspiration were then estimated: (1) Estimating tile amount of solar energy that is absorbed by the ground with surface reflectivity, which is measured in the visible wavelength band (VIS): (2) Assessing the partitioning of the absorbed energy between sensible and latent heat with the surface temperature, which was measured in the thermal infrared band (TIR), the latent heat representing the evapotranspiration of water; (3) Clouds are identified and cloud top levels are classified using both VIS and TIR data. Hereafter precipitation will be calculated pixel by pixel with retrieval model. Daily results are first obtained, which are then processed to decade, monthly and yearly products. Precipitation model has been has been and tested with ground truth data; meanwhile, the evapotranspiration result has been verified with Large Aperture Scintillometry (LAS) presented by Wageningen University of the Netherlands. Further studies may concentrate on the application of models, i.e., establish a hydrological model of the Yellow river basin to make the accurate estimation of river volume and even monitor the whole hydrological progress.

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Study on Flame Height Equation for the Pinus densiflora Surface Fuel Bed (소나무 낙엽층 화염높이 산정식에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Dong-Hyun
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.10-15
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    • 2009
  • Flame height calculation in a forest fire is a crucial part of predicting horizontal or vertical flame spread flared by radiation heat transfer. Flame height, which is one of the flame characteristics, can be estimated by the average height of luminous flame. This research relied on flame height observation test on P. densiflora surface fuel bed, which are surface combustibles in a forest, and calorimeter to measure Heat Release Rate, thus produced $H_f=0.027(\dot{Q'})^{2/3}$, flame height calculation equation for surface fuel. The research did not take into consideration such conditions as external velocity, slope and other variables that could affect flame height. According to comparison among experiment results, calculation results of the above formula and those of existing Heskestad formula (1998), it was found that standard error in fallen pine needles between experimental results and calculation results of the above formula amounts to 0.08, whereas standard error in same plant between experimental results and calculation results of existing Heskestad formula amounts to 0.23.

Maximum Power Point Tracking of Photovoltaic using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (개선된 입자 무리 최적화 알고리즘 이용한 태양광 패널의 최대 전력점 추적)

  • Kim, Jae-Jung;Kim, Chang-Bok
    • Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.291-298
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    • 2020
  • This study proposed a model that can track MPP faster than the existing MPPT algorithm using the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO). The proposed model highly sets the acceleration constants of gbest and pbest in the PSO algorithm to quickly track the MPP point and eliminates the power instability problem. In addition, this algorithm was re-executed by detecting the change in power of the solar panel according to the rapid change in solar radiation. As a result of the experiment, MPP time was 0.03 seconds and power was 131.65 for 691.5 W/m2, and MPP was tracked at higher power and speed than the existing P&O and INC algorithms. The proposed model can be applied when a change in the amount of power is detected by partial shading in a Photovoltaic power plant with Photovoltaic connected in parallel. In order to improve the MPPT algorithm, this study needs a comparative study on optimization algorithms such as moth flame optimization (MFO) and whale optimization algorithm (WOA).

Adhesive Behaviors of the Aluminum Alloy-Based CrN and TiN Coating Films for Ocean Plant

  • Murakami, Ri-Ichi;Yahya, Syed Qamma Bin
    • International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.106-115
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    • 2012
  • In the present study, TiN and CrN films were coated by arc ion plating equipment onto aluminum alloy substrate, A2024. The film thickness was about 4.65 ${\mu}m$. TiN and CrN films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray equipments. The Young's modulus and the micro-Vickers hardness of aluminum substrate were modified by the ceramic film coatings. The difference in Young's modulus between substrate and coating film would affect on the wear resistance. The critical load, Lc, was 75.8 N for TiN and 85.5 N for CrN. It indicated from the observation of optical micrographs for TiN and CrN films that lots of cracks widely propagated toward the both sides of scratch track in the early stage of MODE I. TiN film began to delaminate completely at MODE II stage. The substrate was finally glittered at MODE III stage. For CrN film, a few crack can be observed at MODE I stage. The delamination of film was not still occurred at MODE II and then was happened at MODE III. This agrees with critical load measurement which the adhesive strength was greater for CrN film than for TiN film. Consequently, it was difficult for CrN to delaminate because the adhesive strength was excellent against Al substrate. The wear process, which the film adheres and the ball transfers, could be enhanced because of the increase in loading. The wear weight of ball was less for CrN than for TiN. This means that the wear damage of ball was greater for TiN than for CrN film. It is also obvious that it was difficult to delaminate because the CrN coating film has high toughness. The coefficient of friction was less for CrN coating film than for TiN film.

Analysis of BRD Components Over Major Land Types of Korea

  • Kim, Sang-Il;Han, Kyung-Soo;Park, Soo-Jea;Pi, Kyoung-Jin;Kim, In-Hwan;Lee, Min-Ji;Lee, Sun-Gu;Chun, Young-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.653-664
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    • 2010
  • The land surface reflectance is a key parameter influencing the climate near the surface. Therefore, it must be determined with sufficient accuracy for climate change research. In particular, the characteristics of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) when using earth observation system (EOS) are important for normalizing the reflected solar radiation from the earth's surface. Also, wide swath satellites like SPOT/VGT (VEGETATION) permit sufficient angular sampling, but high resolution satellites are impossible to obtain sufficient angular sampling over a pixel during short period because of their narrow swath scanning. This gives a difficulty to BRDF model based reflectance normalization of high resolution satellites. The principal objective of the study is to add BRDF modeling of high resolution satellites and to supply insufficient angular sampling through identifying BRDF components from SPOT/VGT. This study is performed as the preliminary data for apply to high-resolution satellite. The study provides surface parameters by eliminating BRD effect when calculated biophysical index of plant by BRDF model. We use semi-empirical BRDF model to identify the BRD components. This study uses SPOT/VGT satellite data acquired in the S1 (daily) data. Modeled reflectance values show a good agreement with measured reflectance values from SPOT satellite. This study analyzes BRD effect components by using the NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and the angle components such as solar zenith angle, satellite zenith angle and relative azimuth angle. Geometric scattering kernel mainly depends on the azimuth angle variation and volumetric scattering kernel is less dependent on the azimuth angle variation. Also, forest from land cover shows the wider distribution of value than cropland, overall tendency is similar. Forest shows relatively larger value of geometric term ($K_1{\cdot}f_1$) than cropland, When performed comparison between cropland and forest. Angle and NDVI value are closely related.

Ginsenoside Rk1 ameliorates paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice through inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, nitrative stress and apoptosis

  • Hu, Jun-Nan;Xu, Xing-Yue;Li, Wei;Wang, Yi-Ming;Liu, Ying;Wang, Zi;Wang, Ying-Ping
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.10-19
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    • 2019
  • Background: Frequent overdose of paracetamol (APAP) has become the major cause of acute liver injury. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential protective effects of ginsenoside Rk1 on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and investigate the underlying mechanisms for the first time. Methods: Mice were treated with Rk1 (10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg) by oral gavage once per d for 7 d. On the 7th d, allmice treated with 250mg/kg APAP exhibited severeliverinjury after 24 h, and hepatotoxicitywas assessed. Results: Our results showed that pretreatment with Rk1 significantly decreased the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-$1{\beta}$ compared with the APAP group. Meanwhile, hepatic antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase and glutathione, were elevated compared with the APAP group. In contrast, a significant decrease in levels of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde was observed in the ginsenoside Rk1-treated group compared with the APAP group. These effects were associated with a significant increase of cytochrome P450 E1 and 4-hydroxynonenal levels in liver tissues. Moreover, ginsenoside Rk1 supplementation suppressed activation of apoptotic pathways by increasing Bcl-2 and decreasing Bax protein expression levels, which was shown using western blotting analysis. Histopathological observation also revealed that ginsenoside Rk1 pretreatment significantly reversed APAP-induced necrosis and inflammatory infiltration in liver tissues. Biological indicators of nitrative stress, such as 3-nitrotyrosine, were also inhibited after pretreatment with Rk1 compared with the APAP group. Conclusion: The results clearly suggest that the underlying molecular mechanisms in the hepatoprotection of ginsenoside Rk1 in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity may be due to its antioxidation, antiapoptosis, anti-inflammation, and antinitrative effects.

Development of Real-time PCR Assay Based on Hydrolysis Probe for Detection of Epichloë spp. and Toxic Alkaloid Synthesis Genes

  • Lee, Ki-Won;Woo, Jae Hoon;Song, Yowook;Rahman, Md Atikur;Lee, Sang-Hoon
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.201-207
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    • 2022
  • Fescues, which are widely cultivated as grasses and forages around the world, are often naturally infected with the endophyte, Epichloë. This fungus, transmitted through seeds, imparts resistance to drying and herbivorous insects in its host without causing any external damage, thereby contributing to the adaptation of the host to the environment and maintaining a symbiosis. However, some endophytes, such as E. coenophialum synthesize ergovaline or lolitrem B, which accumulate in the plant and impart anti-mammalian properties. For example, when livestock consume excessive amounts of grass containing toxic endophytes, problems associated with neuromuscular abnormalities, such as convulsions, paralysis, high fever, decreased milk production, reproductive disorders, and even death, can occur. Therefore, pre-inoculation with non-toxic endogenous fungi or management with endophyte-free grass is important in preventing damage to livestock and producing high-quality forage. To date, the diagnosis of endophytes has been mainly performed by observation under a microscope following staining, or by performing an immune blot assay using a monoclonal antibody. Recently, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular diagnostic method is gaining importance in the fields of agriculture, livestock, and healthcare given the method's advantages. These include faster results, with greater accuracy and sensitivity than those obtained using conventional diagnostic methods. For the diagnosis of endophytes, the nested PCR method is the only available option developed; however, it is limited by the fact that the level of toxic alkaloid synthesis cannot be estimated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a triplex real-time PCR diagnostic method that can determine the presence or absence of endophyte infection using DNA extracted from seeds within 1 h, while simultaneously detecting easD and LtmC genes, which are related to toxic alkaloid synthesis. This new method was then also applied to real field samples.

Prediction of stress intensity factor range for API 5L grade X65 steel by using GPR and MPMR

  • Murthy, A. Ramachandra;Vishnuvardhan, S.;Saravanan, M.;Gandhi, P.
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.81 no.5
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    • pp.565-574
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    • 2022
  • The infrastructures such as offshore, bridges, power plant, oil and gas piping and aircraft operate in a harsh environment during their service life. Structural integrity of engineering components used in these industries is paramount for the reliability and economics of operation. Two regression models based on the concept of Gaussian process regression (GPR) and Minimax probability machine regression (MPMR) were developed to predict stress intensity factor range (𝚫K). Both GPR and MPMR are in the frame work of probability distribution. Models were developed by using the fatigue crack growth data in MATLAB by appropriately modifying the tools. Fatigue crack growth experiments were carried out on Eccentrically-loaded Single Edge notch Tension (ESE(T)) specimens made of API 5L X65 Grade steel in inert and corrosive environments (2.0% and 3.5% NaCl). The experiments were carried out under constant amplitude cyclic loading with a stress ratio of 0.1 and 5.0 Hz frequency (inert environment), 0.5 Hz frequency (corrosive environment). Crack growth rate (da/dN) and stress intensity factor range (𝚫K) values were evaluated at incremental values of loading cycle and crack length. About 70 to 75% of the data has been used for training and the remaining for validation of the models. It is observed that the predicted SIF range is in good agreement with the corresponding experimental observations. Further, the performance of the models was assessed with several statistical parameters, namely, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Coefficient of Efficiency (E), Root Mean Square Error to Observation's Standard Deviation Ratio (RSR), Normalized Mean Bias Error (NMBE), Performance Index (ρ) and Variance Account Factor (VAF).