• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.704-711
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• 2016

Tomatoes are considered as one of the main components of daily meals in most households. Thus, it is important to invest in studies enhancing their yield and nutritional value. The study evaluated the effect of wood vinegar (WV) on tomato under greenhouse conditions. Data on fruit number, fruit weight, and plant height were recorded. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of tomato were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, respectively. FRR-CF+500x-WV significantly increased the fruit number (86.11%) and fruit weight (81.78%) over the control. Results were comparable to HRR-CF+250x-WV, indicating that conventional fertilizer and WV may have synergistic effect on each other. TPC and scavenging effect on DPPH radical was improved by 250x-WV application. The increase in the phenolic compounds can be attributed to WV as a direct source or as a factor triggering the plants to produce more secondary metabolites with the purpose of increasing natural defenses. The significant effect obtained by applying the full recommended rate of conventional fertilizer on the carotenoid content was due to the availability of the major nutrients needed by the plant. Correlation analysis showed that carotenoids have negative correlation with TPC and DPPH. However, TPC and DPPH showed that these are positively correlated with each other. Tomatoes are excellent source of antioxidants associated with the reduction of some human diseases and improved health. The results provided evidence that WV alone and/or its combination with conventional fertilizers has favorable effects on the quality of tomato.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

균근은 지구상의 육상식물 중 약 90% 이상의 식물들과 연합 또는 공생관계를 유지하고 있다고 알려져 있으며 식물 뿌리 내에 침투하여 토양 중으로 다량의 균사를 뻗어 토양 내의 수분 및 무기양분을 흡수하여 식물에게 제공하는 대신 식물로부터 광합성 산물인 탄수화물을 얻어 살기 때문에 이론적으로 기주식물 없이는 배양이나 생육이 불가능한 절대 생물영양성이다. 균근의 종류는 기후대, 위도와 고도, 우점하는 식생 등에 따라 여러 가지 종류가 있으며 크게 내생균근과 외생균근으로 나뉜다. 균근은 일반적으로 절대적 공생이라 할 수 있으나, 일부의 외생균근은 식물의 잔해, 낙엽층 등으로부터 유기물을 분해하여 탄소원을 자체 공급할 수 있기 때문에 임의적 공생의 가능성도 제시되고 있다. 이처럼 식물로부터 획득한 탄소의 토양으로의 흐름은 균근에 의하여 중재되어지며 생태계에서 탄소순환의 중요한 기능을 수행한다. 외생균근과 수지상 내생균근은 뿌리의 표면적을 넓히거나 토양 중에 다량의 균사를 뻗음으로서 뿌리 단독으로 흡수할 수 없는 양분고갈지역 바깥의 무기양분 등을 흡수하여 식물에게 제공한다. 또한 균근은 다양한 근권 미생물들과 상호작용을 통하여 식물에게 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 일부의 토양미생물은 균근의 발아, 생육, 군집구조 등에 관여하여 식물과의 공생관계에 직간접적으로 영향을 미치기도 하며, 더 나아가 양분의 흡수, 식물 뿌리의 성장, 식물병원균 억제효과를 나타내어 식물의 생육을 촉진시키기도 한다. 이와 같이 균근균권 및 근권 토양 내의 다양한 미생물들과 균근과의 상호관계와 그 기능에 대해서 많은 연구들이 진행되어왔으나 아직까지도 밝혀지지 않은 부분들이 많으며 앞으로도 꾸준히 연구가 진행될 것으로 사료된다. 외생균근은 균근성 버섯으로 더 잘 알려져 있으며, 이 균류는 수목과 공생하며 버섯의 자실체를 발생시키며 송이, 능이와 같은 고가의 버섯을 생산하는 귀중한 산림 소득원이다. 국내 균근성 버섯의 연구는 주로 송이 인공재배 연구에 집중되어 있으며 현재까지 송이를 인공적으로 발생시킬 수 있는 방법은 송이감염묘와 송이접종묘를 이용하는 것이다. 그 이외에도 소나무 유묘의 생장력을 증대시키기 위한 우수 송이균주 선발, 송이 균사생장 조건 및 배양특성, 송이균의 탄소원 이용특성, 송이균환 또는 송이 발생 토양의 균류와 박테리아의 군집구조 분석을 통한 송이균환 및 자실체 발생에 영향을 미치는 토양미생물과 연합의 가능성에 대한 연구들이 활발히 수행되고 있다. 아직까지 균근성 버섯에 대한 인공재배기술이 완전하게 개발되지 않은 상태이지만 여러 우수한 연구자들의 꾸준한 노력이 계속적으로 이어지고 있다. 앞으로도 지속적으로 변화하는 국내 기후환경에 발맞추어 야생 균근성 버섯에 대한 생태를 이해하고 꾸준한 연구와 인공재배 기술 개발 시도가 계속 이루어진다면 지금까지 재배가 불가능하였던 균근성 버섯의 인공재배가 성공할 날도 멀지 않으리라 사료된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2001

Jeju Italian millet was grown at five planting densities(5$\times$5, 15$\times$15, 20$\times$20, 25cm) form May 13 to Aug. 14, 2000 at jeju island to determine influence of planting density on agronomic characters, forage yield and quality. Days to heading increased from 87 to 89 days as planting density was decreased. In 5$\times$5cm planting density plot, plant height was 185.4cm and it was gradually decreased as planting density was increased. So in 30$\times$30cm planting density plot, plant height was 173cm. As planting density increased, stem diameter, the number of nodes per plant, the umber of leaves, leaf width and SPAD reading values was increased, the longer leaf length as the broader planting density. Fresh forage yield increased from 29.99 to 55.01MT/ha, dry matter(DM) yield from 8.04 to 15.59MT/ha, crude protein(CP) yield from 0.78 to 2.26MT/ha and total digestible nutrients(TDN) yield from 3.65 to 7.93MT/ha as planting density was decreased. Crude protein content increased from 9.8 to 14.5% ether extract comtent from 1.4 to 1.9%, nitrogen free extract content from 38.4% to 38.9% and TDN content from 45.4 to 50.9%, but crude fiber content decreased from 34.5 to 30.1% and crude ash content from 9.1 to 8.0% as planting density was decreased.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.98-106
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• 2004

The dietary vitamin $B_6$ intake of 185 Korean children aged 7-12 years (y), who showed no health problems, in the Seoul area and its sources were estimated using a modified Korean vitamin $B_6$ database. The age and sex of each subject was classified according to the classifications in the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Dietary vitamin $B_6$ intake and food sources were estimated using the three-day recall method with the help of a trained interviewer. Food portion sizes were estimated by using standard household measures and published average portion sizes. The average daily vitamin $B_6$ intake was 1.69$\pm$0.50 mg/d in children aged 7-9 y, 1.86$\pm$0.44 mg/d in male children aged 10-12 y and 1.77$\pm$0.62 mg/d in female children aged 10-12 y. Less than 5% of the subjects consumed less than the Korean RDA of vitamin $B_6$. The average ratio of vitamin $B_6$intake to daily protein intake was 0.028$\pm$0.006 mg/g in children aged 7-9 y, 0.028$\pm$0.004 mg/g in male children aged 10-12 y and 0.029$\pm$0.007 mg/g in female children aged 10-12 y. The intake of vitamin $B_6$ was significantly (p<.01) positively correlated to the intake of all other nutrients. Foods from animal and plant sources provided 37% and 73% respectively, of total vitamin $B_6$. Major dietary sources of vitamin $B_6$ in children in the Seoul area were rice, soybean sprouts, pork, beef, cereal, kimchi, milk, onions, and potatoes. As for major dietary sources of vitamin $B_6$, the top 20 foods provided nearly 73-75% of the total vitamin $B_6$ consumed by Korean children.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1800-1812
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• 2005

Aquaculture pollution is a major concern among the entrepreneurs, farmers and researchers. Excess discharge of phosphorus and nitrogen into the water bodies is the principal pollutant responsible for this. Plant-based feed ingredients due to its high phytic acid content enhances both nitrogen and phosphorus discharge thereby increasing the pollution level. Dietary phytase treatment is probably the best answer to address this problem. This review explains the nature and properties of phytate, its interactions with other nutrients and the application of phytase in aquafeed to reduce the pollution. This review also covers the different biotechnological aspects for lowering the phytic acid level in the common aquafeed ingredients, as an alternate approach to controlling the pollution level. Some of future research needs have also been highlighted to attract the attention of more researchers to this area.

• 분석과학
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2017

Rice endosperm, the portion that remains after milling, is the part of the rice seed that is primarily consumed as a source of nutrients. There have been many studies on polysaccharides, such as hemicellulose, cellulose, and pectins, derived from the cell walls of various plant groups. It has been reported that the acidic polysaccharide fractions, which contain water-soluble pectins that have been shown to have pharmacological effects in vivo and in vitro, have common chemical structures that include galacturonic acid polymers, rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose. However, few studies have been conducted on the acidic polysaccharides contained in the endosperm of rice. In this study, we quantitatively compared the differences in the acidic polysaccharide contents from samples from two of the main varieties of rice consumed as staple foods, japonica and indica, using a colorimetric method. Rice samples were collected from 39 different regions in Korea, China, Thailand and Vietnam. Acidic polysaccharide fractions were obtained by precipitation of the alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR) and enzyme treatment of each sample. The total amount of carbohydrates and uronic acid in each acidic polysaccharide fraction were measured using the phenol-sulfuric acid method and the carbazole-sulfuric acid method, respectively. The differences in the total polysaccharide contents in the acidic polysaccharide fractions were not statistically significant (p = 0.07), but the uronic acid contents were significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.04).

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2010

Consumption of vegetables and fruits is associated with a reduced risk of stroke, but it is unclear whether their protective effects are due to antioxidant vitamins or folate and metabolically related B vitamins. The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that intake of fruits and vegetables, which are major sources of antioxidant and vitamin B complex vitamins, reduces the risk of stroke. Cases consisted of patients diagnosed with first event of stroke (n = 69). Controls (n = 69) were age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched to cases. Multivariable-adjusted regression analysis showed that subjects who ate four to six servings of vegetable per day had a 32% reduction in the risk of stroke, and those with more than six servings per day had a reduction of 69% after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and family history of stroke. Intakes of total fat, plant fat, calcium, potassium, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, niacin, and folate were significantly and negatively associated with the risk of stroke. Although the trend was not significant, stroke risk was reduced in the second quartile (1.21-2.66 servings per week) of fish intake. However, intake of fruits (average daily intake of 1.0 serving) and antioxidant vitamins such as carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E was not associated with the risk of stroke. In conclusion, our observational study suggests that intake of fat and vegetables, rich sources of vitamin B complex, calcium, and potassium may protect against stroke.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.132-138
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 폐양액의 토양 처리에 따른 토양의 이화학적 특성 변화를 조사하고 혼합이온교환수지를 이용하여 토양 깊이에 따른 양분의 이동 및 농도 변화를 평가함으로써 폐양액이 토양에 미칠 수 있는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 폐양액을 토양에 처리한 경우 토양 중 $H^+$ 이온과 폐양액의 양이온이 교환되어 토양을 통과한 폐양액의 pH와 EC는 감소하였다. 컬럼 시험 결과 폐양액의 EC, 암모늄테 질소 및 $K^+$는 컬럼 길이가 길어질수록 감소하였고 관주 횟수가 증가할수록 제거율이 감소하였다. 이러한 현상은 폐양액 중의 양분이 토양층을 통과하며 양이온교환용량을 포화시켰기 때문이며 따라서 토양의 양이온교환용량과 염기포화도는 폐양액의 처리 효율과 처리용량을 결정하는 주요인으로 판단되었다. 질산태 질소의 경우 초기 폐양액 농도의 약 2/3 정도가 감소하였고 컬럼 길이보다는 관주 회수에 더 큰 영향을 받았다. 인산의 경우 제거효율이 높았으며 대부분이 고정화 혹은 침전 반응에 의한 것으로 판단되었다. 고추재배 포장에 폐양액을 처리한 경우 질소 및 인은 $NO_3-N>NH_4-N>PO_4-P$ 순으로 토양 용액에 존재하는 것으로 조사되었고 질산태 질소의 경우 45 cm 깊이에서도 농도가 높게 나타나 지하수로의 이동 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 질산태 질소의 경우 폐양액의 토양 처리를 제한할 수 있는 주요한 인자로 작용하는 것으로 사료된다. 인산의 경우 30 cm와 45 cm 모두에서 농도가 낮게 나타나 표층에서 대부분이 제거되는 것으로 확인되어 인산 이온이 지하수로 유입될 가능성은 매우 낮을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제36권3호통권104호
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• pp.381-388
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• 2003

The fertility of stream water in major streams of the Lake Shihwa Watershed was compared using water analyses and algal growth potential test (AGPT) in typical drought seasons from December 2001 to April 2002, The water quality varied considerably depending on streams. These streams were very rich in inorganic nutrients that the nutrient levels and characteristics of each stream could be easily determined. Through AGPT, 63.6% of growth was observed in the average values of each stream, with non-growth accounting for 36.4%. AGPT results showed that 40.9% of the 22 stations were in hypertrophic condition and 54.5% in eutrophic condition. AGPT values were significantly correlated with TIN, $NH_4$, and SRP (p <0.001); compared to other nutrients, however, they were more related to SRP and $NH_4$. Moreover, the values increased with high concentration of N and P and low N/P ratios. Nonetheless, the values were more dependent on P concentration than N concentration. This suggests that the effect of P on the water quality of lake situated in downstream may serve as a potential indicator of phytoplankton development. Depending on the drainage pattern of streams, the wastewaters of wastewater treatment plant (WwTP) and untreated wastewater (UTW) were found to have 53.4% and 46.6%, respevtively, of TIN, 51.9% and 48.1% of $NH_4$, 62.9% and 37.1% of $NO_3$, 62.6% and 37.4% of SRP, and 44.1% and 55.9% of SRSi. The AGPT value was 51.1% in WwTP wastewater and 48.9% in UTW wastewater, the concentration of WwTP wastewater was slightly higher. For untreated wastewaters flowing into the constructed wetland and into the lake, TIN accounts for 43.0% and 57.0%, respectively, of nitrogen components, $NH_4$ 44.4% and 55.6%, $NO_3$ 39.6% and 60.4%, SRP 53.5% and 46.5%, and SRSi 52.3% and 47.7%, respectively. The AGPT value was 58.0% in the constructed wetland and 42.0% in Lake Shihwa; the concentration in streams flowing into the wetland was slightly higher. Therefore, Persistent and large development of phytoplankton in Lake Shihwa cannot be prevented unless a measure tophytoplankton control is implemented. This is because the concentration of nutrients in specific streams flowing into the lake is very high, even though the inflow of water is low.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.404-412
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 생강의 유효성분을 비교분석하기 위하여 한국재래종생강과 조직배양생강의 일반성분, 무기성분, 유리당, 지방산, 휘발성 성분, 그리고 6-gingerol과 6-shogaol 등을 분석하여 평가하였다. 일반성분(조회분, 조지방, 조단백질, 탄수화물)함량은 한국재래종 생강이 조직배양생강보다 다소 높게 나타났다. 무기성분(Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) 함량은 조직배양생강이 한국재래종 생강보다 높게 나타났다. 무기성분 중에서 가장 많은 것이 K이었으며, P와 Mg, Na, Ca 순으로 많았다. 유리당(fructose, glucose, sucrose)은 조직배양생강이 한국재래종 생강보다 높게 나타났다. 생강은 C14 미만의 지방산이 주요 지방산이었다. Citral 성분은 한국재래종 생강이 조직배양생강 보다 생강의 고유향이 더 강하게 나타났으며, gingerol 함량은 경정배양에 의하여 증가하였다.