• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.658-662
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• 2011

In this study, 543 samples of press hams, sausages, processed ground meat and processed cheese acquired from retail markets in Seoul and Gyeonggi province in Korea from 2005 to 2010 were monitored using a one-step multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method that involves the amplification of specific soya or maize endogenous genes and the amplification of 35S promoter (p35S) and nopaline synthase terminator (tNOS) for GMO detection. Among the 543 samples, 477 samples were amplified for maize and/or soybean endogenous genes. Although one sausage sample collected in 2008 showed amplification of tNOS, the result was assumed to be false positive based on the results from further tests of other sausage samples of the same brand. Our results demonstrate the absence of GM soya and/or maze of livestock products in the Korean market during 2005-2010. In addition, the one-step multiplex PCR using previously constructed primer sets appears to be useful as a screening method for the detection of GMOs in processed livestock products. However, more specific methods should be established and employed to detect the event-specific GM gene for positive reaction samples by screening tests in processed livestock products.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to investigate effect of plant density on yield and quality of corn at the forage experimental field, grassland and forage division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon eom 1996 to 1997. The two corn hybrids, P 3352 and G 4743, were grow at plant density of 67,000; 71,000; 83,000 ; 89,000 and 95,000 plantha in 60,70 and 75-an spaced rows. At the low density, plant and ear height were decreased but ear length and weight were increased. Plant density had little effect on the tasseling date, silking date and ear ratio to total dry matter. The total dry matter yield of two hybrids was increased kom 15,294 to 18,996 in P 3352 hybrid and 15,881 to 21,386kglha in G 4743, respectively, by decreasing plant density. Plant density had little effect on the ADF(acid detergent fiber), NDF (neutral detergent fiber) and CP(crude protein) concentrations, but the quality of late maturity hybrid, G 4743, was higher than that of early maturity hybrid, P 3352. The result of this study indicate that 67,000 plantlha plant density was recommendable for machanization and maximum DM yield of corn.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 1987

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of the final cutting time and cutting height on the winter survival, regrowth, and carbohydrate reserves in stubble, and early spring yield of orchardgrass-dominated pasture before and after the winter season. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Livestock Experiment Station, in Suwon, from October 1985 to early 1986. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Regrowth of plant after the final cut increased significantly (P<0.05) with plot of the early cutting time (Oct. 10) and high cutting height at the final. For winter survival, cut plant should regrow over 15cm in plant height. Therefore limit cutting time and cutting height were forced to be on Oct. 25 and at 6-9cm, respectively. 2. Total water soluble carbohydrate (TSC) content in stubble after the final cut was not significantly changed by different cutting time and cutting height. 3. The percentage of dead plant after wintering was found to be high with plot of the late cutting time and low cutting height at the final cut (P<0.05). And the correlation between the percentage of dead plant after wintering and final plant height before wintering was significantly negathe (r = -0.728**). 4. Fresh and DM yield at the early spring after wintering were increased in the plot of the early cutting time and high cutting height (P<0.05) at the final cut. And significantly positive correlation was observed between the early spring yield and final plant height before wintering (r = 0.720**).

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2018

Backgrounds: In arid grasslands, wells are subject to heavy trampling and grazing pressure, which can increase vulnerability to local land degradation. To investigate trampling and grazing, we surveyed plant communities at three well sites in the desert steppe of Mongolia, using 1600-m line transects from the wells. The sites (Bshrub, Sshrub, and shrubL) differed by concomitant shrub type (big shrub, small shrub, and shrub-limited) and livestock pressure (light, medium, and heavy). A plant classification scheme based on edibility and morphology (rosette or creeping type) was used to separate grazing and trampling effects on plant communities. Results: Edible plants were dominant at all sites but a fraction of grazing- and trampling-tolerant plants increased in the order Bshrub, Sshrub, and shrubL, following livestock pressure. Clear transition zones from inedible to edible plant groups were recognized but at different locations and ranges among the sites. Trampling-tolerant plants explained 90% of inedible plants at Sshrub with camels and horses, but grazing-tolerant plants prevailed (60%) at shrubL with the largest livestock number. Plant coverage increased significantly along the transects at Bshrub and Sshrub but showed no meaningful change at shrubL. Herbaceous plant biomass showed significant positive and negative trends at Bshrub and shrubL, respectively. Conclusions: Both grazing and trampling can produce larger fractions of inedible plants; in this, camel and horses can have considerable effects on desert-steppe plant communities through trampling.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.296-300
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• 2005

Human-induced soil salinity is becoming a major threat to agriculture across the world. This salinisation occurs in both irrigated and rain-fed agricultural zones with the highest proportions in the arid and semi-arid environments. Livestock can play an important role in the management and rehabilitation of this land. There are a range of plants that grow in saline soils and these have been used as animal feed. In many situations, animal production has been poor as a result of low edible biomass production, low nutritive value, depressed appetite, or a reduction in efficiency of energy use. Feeding systems are proposed that maximise the feeding value of plants growing on saline land and integrate their use with other feed resources available within mixed livestock and crop farming systems. Salt-tolerant pastures, particularly the chenopod shrubs, have moderate digestible energy and high crude protein. For this reason they represent a good supplement for poor quality pastures and crop residues. The use of salt-tolerant pasture systems not only provides feed for livestock but also may act as a bio-drain to lower saline water tables and improve the soil for growth of alternative less salt tolerant plants. In the longer term there are opportunities to identify and select more appropriate plants and animals for saline agriculture.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2001

내열성 유전자인 BcHSP17.6를 갖도록 제작한 발현벡터 pBKH4를 Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404에 도입후, Agrobacterium과 알팔파 캘러스의 공배양을 통해 감염시킨 캘러스를 $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$의 kanamycin과 $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$의 cefotaxim을 첨가한 SH-kc배지에서 배양하며 형질전환된 캘러스를 선발하였다. 식물체 재분화는 SH- nk-c, SH-sp-c, SH-11b-c, SH-1BA 배지에서 약 4개월간 배양하여 재분화를 완성하였으며, 재분화된 알팔파의 genomic DNA를 분리한 후, PCR 분석 및 Southern blot 분석을 실시하여 알팔파의 형질전환을 확인하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2012

The analytical method of trace toxic metals in livestock products was confirmed and validated through certified reference material (CRM) and the international proficiency tests. There are some difficulties to determine low levels of toxic metals in livestock products because of interferences due to the matrix. The recoveries of CRM (NIST 1577c) ranged from 73.9 to 119% for lead and from 86.4 to 111% for cadmium in bovine liver. The international proficiency tests were carried out with the milk powder and cocoa powder samples including metals provided by Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme (FAPAS$^{(R)}$, UK). The test samples were prepared by microwave digestion using solution of $HNO_3:H_2O_2:H_2O$ (v/v/v = 5 : 2 : 4) and analyzed by ICP/MS. The analytical result of cadmium in milk powder was $121{\mu}g/kg$ with -0.3 of the z-score compared to the assigned value of $131{\mu}g/kg$ by FAPAS$^{(R)}$. The analytical results of lead and cadmium in cocoa powder were $29.2{\mu}g/kg$ and $97.6{\mu}g/kg$, respectively, which satisfied the assigned values of $34.2{\mu}g/kg$ for lead and $126{\mu}g/kg$ for cadmium by FAPAS$^{(R)}$. It is verified that the analytical method is accurate and reliable to determine trace lead and cadmium in livestock products by microwave digestion and ICP/MS.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the problems and benefits associated with the implementation of HACCP on livestock product of plants in Korea. The survey was carried out by randomly selecting 115 HACCP accredited meat processing plants, all across the country. A total of 105 complete responses were selected for analysis. The results were as follows: approximately 60% of the respondents employed less than twenty workers. The average period of operating HACCP system was 3.4 years. The respondents replied that the major incentive to implement the HACCP system was to improve hygiene management ability. More than half of the respondents (59.05%) claimed that the implementation of the HACCP system cost less than 400 million won, and the highest investment in terms of cost was the freezer/refrigerator. In the preparation period taken to implement the HACCP system, the 6-12 mon category had the highest percentage (55.24%). Most respondents replied that there was an increase in the customer satisfaction, plant image and turnover, after HACCP implementation (p<0.05). A total of 98.09% of respondents had the opinion that their plant workers had improved in their understanding of food hygiene by HACCP implementation (p<0.05). Approximately 79% of respondents indicated that customer complaints decreased, as a result of HACCP implementation.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2000

In general, livestock wastewater consists of many pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, carbonic compounds and inorganic substances. Most carbonic and organic compounds are sufficiently removed by conventional secondary processes, but nitrogen, phosphorus and soluble inorganic compounds are little removed by traditional clarification process. These remained substances in wastewater, for instances, phosphorus and nitrogen are efficiently eliminated by advanced wastewater treatment or botanical removing process. Concentrations of $BOD_s$, SS, T-N and T-P in influent livestock wastewater used in this study were 126mg/l, 115mg/l, 45mg/l and 13mg/l, respectively. The hydraulic retention time(HRT) of wastewater was about 10 days in the pond packed with aquatic plants. A water-hyacinth and a water-dropwort were used as an experimental stuff plant. The removal ratios of nitrogen was 44.3% for the water-hyacinth and 40.2% for the water-dropwort. The removal efficiency of phosphorus in experimental ponds reached by 57.9% for the water-hyacinth and 58.5% for the water-dropwort for 10 days, respectively. Removal ratios of BODs and SS of livestock wastewater for 10 days were reached by 80.1%, 91.0% for he water-hyacinth, respectively. At the same condition, the removal ratios of BODs and SS were reached by 75.0%, 87.6% for the water-dropwort, respectively.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.425-433
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• 2011

자연정화공법에 의한 축산폐수처리장에서 효과적으로 축산폐수를 처리하기 위해 인공습지 축산폐수처리 시스템에 전처리방법으로 수생식물여과조와 활성슬러지조를 적용하여 최적 전처리방법을 조사하였다. 또한, 최적 전처리방법을 실제 현장 축산폐수처리장에 연계하여 시공한 후 전처리방법의 효율성과 안전성을 검토하였다. 수생식물여과조와 인공습지를 연계한 소형 축산폐수처리장치에서 최종방류수 중 COD, SS, T-N 및 T-P의 처리효율은 각각 83, 89, 63 및 87%이었다. 활성슬러지조와 자연정화공법을 연계한 소형 축산폐수처리장치에서 최종방류수 중 COD, SS, T-N 및 T-P의 처리효율은 각각 96, 95, 86 및 92%이었다. 수생식물여과조 및 활성슬러지조는 인공습지 축산폐수처리장의 전처리공법으로서 질소와 인 처리효율을 향상시킬 수 있어 고농도의 축산폐수를 안정적으로 처리하기 위해 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 최적 전처리방법을 연계한 실제 현장 축산폐수처리장에서 COD, SS, T-N 및 T-P 의 처리효율은 모든 조건에서 각각 99.8, 99.9, 99.2 및 99.9%으로 높은 처리효율을 보였다.