• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.190-190
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• 2017

Chemical fertilizers have been used to increase crop production and contributed to escaping food shortages. However, excessive use of chemical fertilizers over a long period caused many problems such as environmental pollution and the hampered production potential of the land. Thus, it is necessary to develop eco-friendly bio-fertilizers that can replace the use of chemical fertilizers. Here, we tested the effect of some nitrogen-fixing microorganims on the plant growth promotion. Seventy free-living nitrogen fixing microorganisms were isolated from rhizosphere of crop cultivation fields, streamside soils and sludge in Ansung, Korea. Of them, three strains (NF2-4-1, Yeast; EMM409, Mesorhizobium; Gsoil662, Burkholderia) were selected to be most efficient in the capacity of N-fixing nitrogen based on colony forming cell assay in N-free media. To investigate the ability to promote plant growth, these strains were inoculated into the soil and cabbage were grown for 4 weeks in the grown chamber. Fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area were measured from 4-week-old plants. Phenotypic analysis revealed that the growth of the plants inoculated with NF2-4-1 and EMM409 strains were significantly promoted compared to the mock-treated control plants, while Gsoil662-inoculated plants did not show statically significant promotion. These results indicate that these nitrogen-fixing microorganims can be used to develop plant growth promoting bio-fertilizers. Further analysis on nitrogen fixing level in soil by these strains will be tested.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.152-154
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• 2006

CSVd-infected chrysanthemum plants grown under $10^{\circ}C\;or\;15^{\circ}C$ growth chamber for 2 months resulted a higher dilution endpoint of template RNA for Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) than those grown for 1 month: $10^{-4}(1.35{\times}10^{-2}ug/ml)$ for 1 month, and $10^{-3}(1.35{\times}10^{-1}ug/ml)$ for 2 months. Independent experiment, shoots cut from CSVd (Chrysanthemum stunt viroid)-in footed chrysanthemum plants grown under $10^{\circ}C\;or\;20^{\circ}C$ growth chamber for 2 months showed the same CSVd concentration as control($30^{\circ}C$) at 8 weeks after moving them to normal green-house condition($30^{\circ}C$). From those results, it was concluded that even though the concentration of CSVd was reduced in plants grown at low temperatures, when they were moved to normal glass-house temperature CSVd concentration increased to that of untreated plants in 8 weeks. This conclusion was supported by the rapid replication of CSVd in chrysanthemum after infection.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 1978

The experiment were carried out to determine the rate of regrowth, the changes of carbohydrates contained in the samples right after cutting, plant part for storage of carbohydtates and top-dressing time of ladino clover and orchardgrass. Plants were grown in the simple growth chamber as well as in the fields. The temperature, light intensity and light period were controlled to be 15-20$^{\circ}$, 4,250 Lux, and 15 hours in the simple growth chamber. The results obtained are as follows ; 1. The period of recovery to initial stands after cutting was about 3 weeks in ladino clover and 4-5 weeks in orchard grass in terms of dry matter and carbohydrates. 2. The content of total water-soluble carbohydrates of plant parts was the hightest in stolon of ladino clover and in sheath of orchardgrass, and the lowest in roots of ladino clover and orchardgrass. 3. Cutting resulted in a temporary decrease of total water-soluble carbohydrates in the shoots. Similar trends were observed when the plants were left intact with top-dressing. 4. The top-dressing applied simultalliousely with the cutting was more effective to stimu1ate regrowth than that applied after cutting, however, both of the simultaneous and after cutting application were still better than application prior to cutting.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.407-414
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• 1996

벼 담수직파재배에서 Pythium arrhenomanes 1398에 의한 벼목썩음병의 발병 억제효과가 높은 biological control agent를 배지와 growth chamber 검정을 통하여 선발하고 생물학적 방제 효과를 온실에서 검정한 결과 공시한 66 세균 중 91-110 균주에 의해서만 벼모썩음병의 발병이 억제되었다. CMA 배지 검정에서는 P. arrhenomanes 1398 균주만을 접종한 볍씨는 100% 발병율을 보인 반면 91-110 균주와 P. arrhenomanes 1398 균주를 함께 처리한 경우에는 25.0%가 발병되었으며, 이 효과는 metalaxyl을 처리한 볍씨에서의 21.7% 발병율과 유사하였다. Growth chamber 검정에서는 P. arrhenomanes 1398 균주만을 접종한 볍씨는 27.7% 모 출아율을 보인 반면 91-110 균주와 함께 처리하면 59.1%가 출아되었다. 그러나 91-110 균주에 의한 발병 억제효과는 50% household bleach로 표면 소독한 볍씨에서만 인정되었으며, 이 소독한 볍씨를 91-110 균주의 세균 부유액에 침지하여 3시간 진탕한 후 그 부유액을 따라내고 24시간 배양한 것이 진탕하지 않고 배양한 것에 비하여 모출아율이 54.3%에서 65.7%로 증가되었다. 91-110 균주와 P. arrhenomanes 1398 균주를 함께 처리한 볍씨의 출아율은 62.3%로서 P. arrhenomanes 1398 균주만을 접종한것의 30.8%에 비하여 높았다. 이상과 같이 담수직파한 벼모썩음병의 발병 억제효과가 높은 91-110 균주는 Bacillus brevis로 동정되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.III
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• pp.744-748
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• 2000

The characteristics of $CO_2$ exchange between plant and human modules, absorption rate of NO$_2$, and growth of lettuce were examined in an urban-type plant factory(UPF). With 150 lettuce plants, $CO_2$ concentrations of plant module were 600 ~ 700$\mu$mol mol$^{-1}$ at average leaf weight of 130g.plant$^{-1}$ and 900~1100$\mu$mol.mol$^{-1}$ at 75g.plant$^{-1}$ for one and two persons' stay in the human module, respectively. When the air of 0.13, 0.30 and 0.45 $\mu$molㆍmol$^{-1}$ NO$_2$ in a human module was circulated ON/OFF 10/20min between the human and plant modules, $NO_2$ decrement in the chamber during 10 min was 0.040, 0.109, and 0.149 $\mu$mol, respectively. The lettuces grown at 0.45 $\mu$molㆍmol$^{-1}$ $NO_2$ during experimental period showed no significant differences in growth factors such as leaf width, leaf length, leaf area and fresh weigh, and in the quality between treated and control.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.461-468
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• 2021

Background and objective: Particulate matter (PM) has a serious impact on health. Recently, studies are conducted to reduce PM in an environmentally friendly way using plants. This study investigated the physiological responses of plants and their ability to remove PM by continuously spraying different PM sources (loam, fly ash, carbon black) to four native plant species, such as Iris sanguinea, Pteris multifida, Vitis coignetiae, and Viburnum odoratissimum var. awabuki. Methods: The four plant species were randomly placed in four chambers, and 0.1 g of different PM was injected into each chamber twice a week. We measured chlorophyll, carotenoid, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), total leaf area, amount of leaf wax, PM10 (sPM10) and PM2.5 (sPM2.5) on the leaf surface, and PM10 (wPM10) and PM2.5 (wPM2.5) on the wax layer. Results: For I. sanguinea and V. coignetiae, the sources of PM did not affect the growth response. P. multifida showed high chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content in carbon black as well as high Fv/Fm and total leaf area, thereby proving that carbon black helped plant growth. By PM sources, sPM10 showed a significant difference in three plant species, sPM2.5 in two plant species, and wPM10 in one plant species, indicating that sPM10 was most affected by PM sources. Conclusion: Carbon black increased the leaf area by affecting the growth of P. multifida. This plant can be effectively used for PM reduction by increasing the adsorption area. I. sanguinea and V. coignetiae can be used as economical landscaping plants since they can grow regardless of PM sources.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2002

Cotton Glutathione S-Transferase(GST: EC 2.5.1.18) was cloned and Gh-5 cDNA was overexpressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants. The transformation of cotton GST in tobacco plant was confirmed by northern blot analysis. Type I and Type II transcript patterns were identified in Gh-5 transgenic tobacco plants. Type I transcripts was only discussed in this paper. Glutathione and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) were used as the substrates, and the activity of GST in the type I transgenic plants was about 2.5-fold higher than the non-expressers and wild type tobacco plants. The expression of cotton GST in tobacco plants proved that Gh-5 could be translated into functional protein. Type I transgenic plants produced functional GST in the cells. Type I showed higher GST specific activity than Type II in the transgenic plants. Control and transgenic seedlings were grown in the growth chamber and under the light at 15$^{\circ}C$, and the effects of cotton GST in the seedlings was evaluated. The growth rate of Gh-5 overexpressors was better than the control and non-transgenic tobacco plants. Salinity tolerance was also analyzed on the seeds of transgenic plants. Seeds of Gh-5 overexpressors and the wild type tobacco seedlings were germinated and grown at 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl solution. Gh-5 transgenic seedlings showed higher growth rate over control seedlings at both 50 and 100 mM NaCl solution. But at 0, 150, and 200 mM NaCl concentration, the difference in growth rate was not detected.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.712-721
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• 2016

This experiment was conducted to investigate the endophytic bacterium Herbaspirillum spp effect on seed germination and sprout growth of tartary buckwheat. Inoculant concentration (%v/v) and seed soaking time were applied 10, 20 and 40% and 0, 4, 8, 12 hour, respectively. The experiment was carried out in a growth chamber maintained temperature at 20, 25 and $30^{\circ}C$ without light for 7 days. Results showed that, 10 to 20% (v/v) inoculant concentration by 4 to 8 h seed soaking time at $20^{\circ}C$ temperature increased seed vigor rate and total seed germination rate 80-95% and 90-100%, respectively. On the other and, seed inoculation with Herbaspirillum spp. increased hypocotyl length (13-15 cm), root length (8-11 cm), total fresh weight (135-296 g) and total dry weight (7-10 g), compared to control. It is indicated that sprouts growth and yield depends on inoculation concentrations, seed soaking time and temperature. Therefore, it would be suggested that seed inoculation with Herbaspirillum spp. at concentration of 10 to 20% (v/v), soaking time 4 to 8 h and temperature $20^{\circ}C$ promote seed germinations and sprout growth rate of tartary buckwheat.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.332-340
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• 2018

Supplemental lighting with artificial light sources is a practical method that enables normal growth and enhances the yield and quality of fruit vegetable in greenhouses. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sulfur plasma lamp (SP) and high-pressure sodium lamp (HPS) as supplemental lighting sources on the growth and yield of paprika. For investigating the effectiveness of SP and HPS lamps on paprika, the effects of primary lighting on plant growth were compared in growth chambers and those of supplemental lighting were also compared in greenhouses. In the growth chamber, plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh weight, and dry weight were measured weekly at SP and HPS from 2 weeks after transplanting. In the greenhouse, no supplemental lighting (only sunlight) was considered as the control. The supplemental lights were turned on when outside radiation became below $100W{\cdot}m^{-2}$ from 07:00 to 21:00. From 3 weeks after supplemental lighting, the growth was measured weekly, while the number and weight of paprika fruits measured every two weeks. In the growth chamber, the growth of paprika at SP was better than at HPS due to the higher photosynthetic rate. In the greenhouse, the yield was higher under sunlight with either HPS or SP than sunlight only (control). No significant differences were observed in plant height, number of node, leaf length, and fresh and dry weights between SP and HPS. However, at harvest, the number of fruits rather than the weight of fruits were higher at SP due to the enhancement of fruiting numbers and photosynthesis. SP showed a light spectrum similar to sunlight, but higher PAR and photon flux sum of red and far-red wavelengths than HPS, which increased the photosynthesis and yield of paprika.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2004

The fruits of Vitex rotundifolia in Korea, known as 'Man Hyung Ja', occupy an important position as traditional oriental medicine in Asian countries. It is known that propagation of this plant by seed is difficult and time-consuming with little success. Attempts were made to develop a method by using nodal culture techniques. Explants of stem node without leaves cultured on Nitsch medium containing 1 ml/L BA, gave the best shoot induction ratio. Also, BA with IAA or TDZ treatment showed positive effect on shoot induction. Half-strength Nitsch medium was supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA produced better success than did the others on root formation. It showed that many of the regenerants grew successfully on growth chamber at $24^{\circ}c$.