• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2019

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect for allergic-inflammation of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus (FTB) on HaCaT cells and RBL2H3 cells. Methods : To investigate the effects of FTB for anti-inflammation in HaCaT cells, the cells were pretreated with FTB for 1h and then stimulated with $TNF-{\alpha}/IFN-{\beta}$ for 24h. Then thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and Macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) levels were analyzed with ELISA kit. Also to investigate the effect of skin barrier protein, the cells were treated with FTB of various concentrations, and then cells were harvested, expressions of skin barrier protein were measured with RT-PCR. To investigate the effects of FTB for anti-allergy in RBL2H3 cells, the cells were pre-treated with FTB for 1h, and then stimulated with A23187 for 30 min. ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase, IL-4 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were measured using cultured media. The cells were harvested to analyze the mechanism of the effect for FTB via Western blot. Results : FTB did not show cytotoxicity in HaCaT and RBL2H3. In HaCaT cells, FTB significantly suppressed the expression of TARC, MDC at a dose-dependent manner and markedly increased formation of the skin barrier proteins. In RBL2H3 cells, FTB decreased release of the ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase, IL-4 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in RBL2H3 through inhibition of the phosphorylation of JNK and p38, which are include in the signaling mechanism of MAPK Conclusion : These results indicate that FTB has an anti-inflammatory effect on the allergic response through blocking MAPK pathway. This suggest that FTB could be a therapeutic agent for allergic response.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.26.1-26.12
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• 2022

Background: Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter. Excessive glutamate causes excitatory toxicity and increases intracellular calcium, leading to neuronal death. Parvalbumin is a calcium-binding protein that regulates calcium homeostasis. Quercetin is a polyphenol found in plant and has neuroprotective effects against neurodegenerative diseases. Objectives: We investigated whether quercetin regulates apoptosis by modulating parvalbumin expression in glutamate induced neuronal damage. Methods: Glutamate was treated in hippocampal-derived cell line, and quercetin or vehicle was treated 1 h before glutamate exposure. Cells were collected for experimental procedure 24 h after glutamate treatment and intracellular calcium concentration and parvalbumin expression were examined. Parvalbumin small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection was performed to detect the relation between parvalbumin and apoptosis. Results: Glutamate reduced cell viability and increased intracellular calcium concentration, while quercetin preserved calcium concentration and neuronal damage. Moreover, glutamate reduced parvalbumin expression and quercetin alleviated this reduction. Glutamate increased caspase-3 expression, and quercetin attenuated this increase in both parvalbumin siRNA transfected and non-transfected cells. The alleviative effect of quercetin was statistically significant in non-transfected cells. Moreover, glutamate decreased bcl-2 and increased bax expressions, while quercetin alleviated these changes. The alleviative effect of quercetin in bcl-2 family protein expression was more remarkable in non-transfected cells. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that parvalbumin contributes to the maintainace of intracellular calcium concentration and the prevention of apoptosis, and quercetin modulates parvalbumin expression in glutamate-exposed cells. Thus, these findings suggest that quercetin performs neuroprotective function against glutamate toxicity by regulating parvalbumin expression.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.86-100
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• 2009

Korean terminologies on flower structures of angiosperms in plant morphology, written incorrectly in many books, were analysed to suggest accurately expressed terminologies. 24 books in areas such as general biology, plant biology, plant morphology, and biological dictionaries and glossaries were selected to analyse the accuracy of the terminologies for seed structures, e.g., crassinucellate (ovule), tenuinucellate (ovule), placentation, free cental placentation, herkogamy or hercogamy, heterostyly or heterostylous, distyly or distylous, tristyly or tristylous, and hypanthium. The definition and etymology of the terminologies were traced in 4 textbooks of plant anatomy and 2 dictionaries of biology and botany written in English. On the basis of the definition, etymology, and principles for terminology formation according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 704:2000), accurately and reasonably expressed Korean terminologies were proposed. The 9 terminologies examined in this study were found in the glossary of biological terminologies, published by the Korean Association of Biological Sciences in 2005, and designated as an editorial source for science and biology textbooks for middle and high schools by Ministry of Education in 2007. However, none of the 9 terminologies described in the glossary were consistent with those proposed in the present study. The inconsistencies indicated the need for a reassessment of this glossary of biological terminologies. The new, proposed terminologies would facilitate mutual understanding between teachers and students of plant biology.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2024

Bud sport (bud mutation) is a valuable source for existing new genotypes in mulberry (Morus spp.) as well as critical materials for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying essential traits. Thus, identification, collection, characterization, and conservation of such natural variants are prerequisites for enhancing the mulberry genetic resource in the germplasm. In this context, we identified and characterized three bud sports (VBS-1, VBS-2, and VBS-3) of a popular mulberry cultivar, Victory-1 (V-1). These bud sports are morphologically, anatomically, and genetically more distinct from their mother plant, Victory-1. Moreover, these bud sports display lower growth and yield potential. Furthermore, these showed remarkably lower 2C DNA contents of 0.74 pg (VBS-1), 0.78 pg (VBS-2), and 0.76 pg (VBS-3), when compared to their mother plant V-1 (2C = 0.81 pg). On the other hand, molecular characterization between the bud sports and their mother plant revealed the existence of genetic variation due to the natural bud mutation that occurred in the mulberry cultivar Victory-1.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2009

Chios gum mastic (CGM) is a resin produced from the stem and leaves of Pistiacia lentiscus L var chia, a plant which grows only on Chios Island in Greece. CGM has been used for many centuries as a dietary supplement and folk medicine for stomach and duodenal ulcers in many Mediterranean countries and is known also to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in some cancer cells. In this study, we further investigated the induction and mechanisms underlying the apoptotic response to CGM treatment in the SCC25 human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line. The viability of SCC25 cells, human normal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1 cells), and the growth inhibition of SCC25 cells were assessed by MTT assay and clonogenic assay, respectively. Staining with Hoechst and hemacolor dyes and TUNEL assays were employed to detect SCC25 cells undergoing apoptosis. SCC25 cells were treated with CGM, and this was followed by western blotting, immunocytochemistry, confocal microscopy, FACScan flow cytometry, MMP activity and proteasome activity analyses. CGM treatment of SCC25 cells was found to result in a time- and dosedependent decrease in cell viability, a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth, and apoptotic cell death. Interestingly, CGM showed a remarkable level of cytotoxicity in SCC25 cells but not in normal cells. Tested SCC25 cells also showed several lines of apoptotic manifestation. Taken together, our present findings demonstrate that CGM strongly inhibits cell proliferation by modulating the expression of G1 cell cycle-related proteins and induces apoptosis via the proteasome, mitochondria and caspase cascades in SCC25 cells.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2022

Objectives : Angelicae Gigantis Radix (AG) is a plant of the Ranunculus family. AG have been reported to have various pharmacological effects on human health which include uterine growth promotion, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immune enhancement. However, research on dermatitis disease is insufficient. Therefore, we investigated the effects of AG on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/interferon-γ (IFN-γ) stimulated HaCaT cell. Methods : To investigate the effect of AG on HaCaT cell, HaCaT cells were pre-treated with AG for 1 hour and then stimulated with TNF-α/IFN-γ. After 24 hours, media and cells were harvested to analyze the inflammatory mediators. Concentration of human interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and TNF-α in the media were assessed by ELISA. mRNA expression of human thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), IL-6, and IL-8 were analyzed by RT-PCR. Additionally, the mechanisms of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway were investigated by Western blot. Results : The treatment of AG inhibited gene expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TARC and protein expression levels of IL-1β, MCP-1, and GM-CSF. Also, AG significantly reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and NF-κB translocation in TNF-α/IFN-γ stimulated HaCaT cell. Conclusions : Taken together, these results demonstrate that AG can alleviate inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis by regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Also, it suggest that AG may a promising candidate drug for the treatment of inflammatory disease such as atopic dermatitis.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.4-11
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• 2009

한국에 자생하는 겨우살이과 4종, 겨우살이, 참나무겨우살이, 동백나무겨우살이, 꼬리겨우살이 등에 대해 잎과 줄기의 해부학적 특징과 기주식물별 2차 흡기구조의 해부학적 특징을 조사하였다. 그 결과 잎과 줄기의 해부학적 특징으로 한국산 겨우살이과 4 분류군을 종과 속 수준에서 구별할 수 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 잎에서는 향축면과 배축면의 축, 중앙맥에 발달된 유관속 형태, 후벽세포의 발달 여부 등이, 줄기에서는 횡단면에서 줄기의 전체적인 형태, 큐티클층의 발달 정도, 유관속의 배열, 후벽세포와 수의 발달 여부 등이 표징형질로 조사되었다. 기주별 2차 흡기의 특징을 확인하기 위해 참나무겨우살이와 동백나무겨우살이에서 각각 7종류 및 5종류의 기주식물을 대상으로 지상부 흡기 발달 정도, 종단면에서 2차 흡기의 모양과 플랜지 발달 여부, 기주내 침투 지역과 흡기 축의 발달 여부, 2차 흡기에서 흡기세포의 위치와 짧은 흡기 가도관의 발달 여부 등 형질을 조사하였다. 조사된 형질에서 참나무겨우살이와 동백나무겨우살이는 뚜렷하게 구별되었다. 한편, 기주식물의 강도와 흡기의 발달 정도에 따라 2차 흡기의 전체적인 형태가 기주별로 다소 차이가 있었으나, 침투 지역, 흡기 짧은 가도관 세포의 발달 등 정성적인 형질들은 기주와 발달 정도에 영향을 받지 않고 항상 일정하여 계통학적으로 의미 있는 특징으로 파악되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2023

Background: To describe domain knowledge consistently and precisely, the establishment of a controlled vocabulary, a so-called ontology, is essential. Internationally, the plant ontology (PO) in the ecology field has been developed for the anatomy and developmental stages of plants in English, Spanish, and Japanese, but there is no Korean version of the PO due to a lack of knowledge on standardization for Korean plants. Objectives: We aimed to establish a Korean plant ontology with core PO architectures. Methods: The latest ontology web language (OWL)-formatted raw version of the PO was collected from the PO consortium site. A formal workflow process and OWL file-handing tools for efficient Korean content development were conducted and executed. Results: The macro- and micro-perspective frameworks of the PO were presented by analyzing the upper model and the internal OWL-leveled physical structure, respectively. We developed and validated Korean knowledge content for a total of 1,957 classes included in the PO and transplanted them into an ontology modeling system. Conclusions: A Korean plant ontology was established for international harmonization through improved compatibility and data exchangeability with multilingual environmental and ecological knowledge bases.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.305-312
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• 1989

Developmental anatomy was conducted in order to elucidate the differentiating pattern of fascicular cambial initials in the hypocotyl of Ricinus communis. The homogeneous procambium with relatively short cells in early stage is transformed into a heterogeneous structure with long and short cells in late stage in tangential view. Fusiform and ray initials are gradually originated from the long and short cells of the procambium in hypocotyl in later stage respectively. Fusiform initials are not shorter than procambial cells because of the successive elongation of vascular meristematic cells. Therefore, the distinction between procambium and fascicular cambium is not made from comparison with their cell length. The characteristics of the fascicular cambium are gradully acquired at or just after completion of hypocotyl elongation.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.297-303
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• 1995

Four species of Symphyocladia growing along the coast of Korea were investigated in taxonomic point of view. Characters available for identification of the species were; difference in gross morphology, degree of cortication in vegetative axis, presence or absence of vegetative trichoblasts, and developmental pattern of stichidia. Vegetative structure and reproductive organs in developmental anatomy were similar among species. Branching pattern and occurrence of vegetative trichoblasts adopted for systematic criteria between Pterosiphonieae and Polysiphonieae, and between Symphyocladia and Pterosiphonia were no more confidential. The degree of congenital fusion of laterals with the parent axes was considered as only main character to distinguish Symphyocladia from Pterosiphonia.