• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.714-725
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 웨이블렛 변환된 영상을 비트 플레인으로 분해하여 효과적으로 영상을 부호화하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 원영상을 웨이블렛 변환하여 저대역 부분은 그대로 무손실 전송하고 고대역 부분은 비트 플레인(bit-plane)으로 분해한 다음, 각 비트 플레인에 나타나는 이진 영상들을 각각의 특성에 따라 부호화한다. 부호화 방법은 먼저 원영상을 웨이블렛 변환한 후, 부동소수점 값을 가지는 웨이블렛 변환 계수를 정수화하고 이 값을 N비트 데이터와 부호 비트로나눈다. 이러한 이진값으로 표현된 그레이 원영상을 비트 플레인으로 분할하여 N개의 이진 영상과 부호 비트에 대응하는 1개의 부호 비트 플레인을 생성시킨다. N개의 비트 플레인에 존재하는 이진 영상은 상대적으로 화질에 미치는 중요도가 적은 하위 비트 플레인의 고대역 부분을 제거한 후, 2차원 이진 블록 부호화 방법을 사용하여 부호화한다. 부호 비트 플레인은 N비트로 데이터의 값이 0이 아닐 경우 그에 해당하는 부호값 만을 부호화하여 압축효과를 높일 수 있었다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법은 웨이블렛 변환 계수로부터 추출된 비트 플레인 중에서 화질에 크게 영향을 주는 중상위 비트 플레인의 이진영상들이 원영상의 에지(edge) 정보와 함께 지역적으로 모여 있는 특성을 보임에 따라 효과적인 부호화가 가능하다. 또한 비트 플레인 부호화 방식은 상대적으로 영상의 화질에 중요도가 적은 하위 비트 플레인을 쉽게 분리하여 제거함으로서 적정한 영상화질을 유지하면서 비트율(bit rate)을 조정할 수 있는 장점이있다. 제안한 방법은 실험을 통하여 기존의 벡터 양자화 기법에 의한 부호화 방법보다 압축율이나 PSNR 측면에서 성능이 좋음을 입증하였다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the significance of undulated planes of architectural landscape methodology, to assess if the methodology had potential to be a sustainable architectural model, to be experimented in future. To achieve this purpose, the historical origins and changes of the landscape is discussed to analyse how it influenced modern architecture. Then the effects of panoramic sensibility derived from the picturesque garden is analysed to evaluate the influence it had on the change of the perception of space and modern architecture and landscape design strategy. Then 1980s and 1990s' symposiums and landscape theories are examined. To find pivotal moment of merging landscape and architecture, the design schemes of Bernard Tchumi and OMA for La Villette competition are selected as manifestations to show co-existence of landscape and architecture. Afterwards Yokohama ferry terminal is analyzed to present the undulated planes deployed for the union of landscape and architecture, to the affect of uninterrupted spatial connectivity. The impact of undulated plane on interior is explored in analysis of Rolex Learning Center, consequently changing the relationship within functions of the interior and the role of circulation. Finally, the spatial characteristics and significance of undulated plane is explored. The spatial characteristics are, the relationship beyond the visual connection through seamless connection; the multiple access paths and discard of transition space thereby diminishing boundaries; the environmentalization of architecture by spatializing circulation and promoting in-hierarchy. The significance of undulated planes are, the synthesis form of architectural typology; the cultivation of public sense; the closest spatial type to the space of appearance referred to by Hannah Arendt.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.281-291
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• 2022

Complex rock masses include various joint planes, bedding planes and other weak structural planes. The existence of these structural planes affects the mechanical properties, deformation rules and failure modes of jointed rock masses. To study the influence of the parameters of a nonpersistent joint network on the mechanical properties and failure modes of jointed rock masses, synthetic rock mass (SRM) technology based on discrete elements is introduced. The results show that as the size of the joints in the rock mass increases, the compressive strength and the discreteness of the rock mass first increase and then decrease. Among them, the joints that are characterized by "small but many" joints and "large and clustered" joints have the most significant impact on the strength of the rock mass. With the increase in joint density in the rock mass, the compressive strength of rock mass decreases monotonically, but the rate of decrease gradually decreases. With the increase in the joint dip angle in rock mass, the strength of the rock mass first decreases and then increases, forming a U-shaped change rule. In the analysis of the failure mode and deformation of a jointed rock mass, the type of plastic zone formed after rock mass failure is closely related to the macroscopic displacement deformation of the rock mass and the parameters of the joints, which generally shows that the location and density of the joints greatly affect the failure mode and displacement degree of the jointed rock mass. The instability mechanism of jointed surrounding rock is revealed.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.243.1-243.1
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• 2016

Recently, many groups have attempted to fabricate 3-dimensional (3D) structures of GaN such as pyramids, rods, stripes and annulars. Since quantum structures on non-polar and semi-polar planes of 3D structures have less influence of internal electric filed, multi quantum wells (MQWs) formed on those planes have high quantum efficiency. Especially, pyramidal and annular structures consist of various crystal planes with different emission wavelength, providing a possibillity of phosphor-free white light emtting diodes (WLEDs).[1] However, it still has problem to obtain high color rendering index (CRI) number because of narrow-band emission and poor indium composition caused by the formation of few number of facets during metal-organic chemical vapor deposition growth.[2] If we can fabricate 3D structure having more various facets, we can make broad-band emittied WLEDs and improve CRI number. In this study, we suggest a simple method to fabricate 3D structures having various facet and containing high indium composition by means of a combination of metal-organic chemical vapor deposition and wet chemical etching techniques.

• 암석학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2004

포천지역의 쥬라기 화강암내 결의 특성을 규명하였다 3가지 미세균열의 분포상은 박편의 확대사진(x6.7)에서 잘 나타난다. 우세균열 면은 1번 결의 면에 평행하며, 준 우세균열 면은 2번 결의 면에 평행하다. 이러한 1번 결 및 2번 결을 형성하는 미세균열은 3번 결의 면상에서 상호 거의 수직을 이룬다. 따라서, 연구지역의 화강암질암의 결은 미세균열의 선택적 배향성에 지배된다고 할 수가 있다. 결은 리프트, 그레인, 하드웨어 면의 순으로 발생빈도, 길이 및 밀도가 발달하고 있다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2020

In this study, a two dimensional model of receding contact problem has been analyzed using finite element method (FEM) based software ANSYS and ABAQUS. For this aim finite element modeling of elastic layer and two homogeneous, isotropic and symmetrical elastic quarter planes pressed by means of a rigid circular punch has been presented. Mass forces and friction are neglected in the solution. Since the problem is examined for the plane state, the thickness along the z-axis direction is taken as a unit. In order to check the accuracy of the present models, the obtained results are compared with the available results of the open literature as well as the results of two software are compared using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and good agreements are found. Numerical analyses are performed considering different values of the external load, rigid circular radius, quarter planes span length and material properties. The contact lengths and contact stresses of these values are examined, and their results are presented. Consequently, it is concluded that the considered non-dimensional quantities have noteworthy influence on the contact lengths and contact stress distributions, additionally if FEM analysis is used correctly, it can be an efficient alternative method to the analytical solutions that need time.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.339-346
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• 1997

Good quality a-axis oriented thin films of $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ may be grown by the use of a $PrBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ (PBCO) layer as a template. Here we present a detailed study of the nucleation of the PBCO layer, explaining the orientations observed. It is determined that the wavy surface of a $LaSrGaO_4$ (LSGO) (100) substrate consists of the {101} planes by observing cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy images of the interface between the PBCO film and the substrate. The images and selected area diffraction patterns show that a mixed c-and b-axis oriented PBCO layer was initially grown on the substrate, followed by pure b-axis oriented PBCO growth. We explain that the c-axis oriented growth is the result of the growth of the PBCO (019) planes on the LSGO (101) planes. We conclude that the nucleation and growth of the PBCO films at the initial stages depends on the crystallographic plane of the substrate surfaces, however, as the film grows further, the kinetics of the deposition process favors b-axis oriented growth.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.562-568
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• 2020

This study investigates the relationship between ultrasonic velocity and density in the direct method, the effect of distance between transducers in the indirect method, and the difference between the direct and indirect methods with transducers placed at a distance of 200 mm in nondestructive ultrasonic testing of spruce lumber. The direct method using 54 kHz ultrasonic transducers was applied to two planes, namely, radial section (LR) and tangential section (LT) of samples. The indirect method measurements were taken using the same transducers. Two velocities were measured at the top and bottom of the LT plane and at the two sides of the LR plane; the two values for each plane were averaged. The relationship between density and ultrasound velocity in the direct method demonstrated a positive correlation between the two variables. The difference between the two planes, LT and LR, was not statistically significant. Moreover, the distance between the transducers in the indirect method affected ultrasound velocity, with the ultrasonic velocity increasing as the distance between the transducers became larger. A transducer distance of 200 mm yielded a close approximation of the direct method results with a ratio of 0.87. Finally, no statistical evidence of a difference between the two planes in the indirect method was found. If the direct method, which requires access to two surfaces, is impractical, the indirect method can be applied.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.663-676
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• 2007

지렛대의 원리 및 무게중심의 개념은 아르키메데스 이래로 많은 수학자들, 물리학자들에 의해 연구, 발전되어 왔으며, 지금도 물리학, 화학, 건축학 등의 분야에서 폭넓게 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 지렛대의 원리를 이용하여 사면체에서 선분들, 평면들의 교차에 관련된 몇몇 성질들을 탐구하여, 지렛대의 원리를 이용한 사면체의 성질 탐구의 예들과 방법을 제시하였다.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.88-92
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• 1995

X-선을 이용한 초정밀 측정은 길이, 각도, 결정구조해석 등 많은 분야에서 응용되고 있다. 본 논문은 실리콘 결정을 이용한 초정밀 각도측정에 대한 결과이다. 실리콘 단결정 내부의 여섯 개의 [220] 격자면들은 60°의 사이각(정확도 ∼10-8 rad) 을 이루고 있으므로 육가기둥형의 다면체를 만들어 각도 표준물로 이용하였다. 이러한 각도교정용 실리콘 다면체(silicon polygon)를 사용하여 분해능이 0.36"인 회전엔코더(rotary encoder)의 정확도를 교정하였고, 그 결과를 기존의 회전눈금원판(indexing table)을 사용하여 교정한 결과와 비교하였다.