• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.269-277
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• 2021

Effects of water temperature and hormones on ovarian development of conger eel in Korea were investigated. Ovarian development was analyzed by measuring gonadosomatic index (GSI) and oocyte diameter with histological methods. At rearing water temperatures of 12℃, 14℃, and 16℃, GSI value increased from 3.66 at the start of the experiment to 7.44, 8.82, and 7.34 at the end of the experiment, respectively. At rearing water temperatures of 12℃, 14℃, and 16℃, egg diameter increased from 245.11-300.25 ㎛ at the start of the experiment to 377.62-480.27 ㎛, 396.72-498.54 ㎛, and 382.29-475.69 ㎛ at the end of the experiment, respectively. Follicular oocyte development revealed that primary yolk globule stage observed from January to March. It entered to secondary yolk globule stage in April and remained at the same stage until July. As a result of examining effects of three hormones (human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa), and salmon pituitary extraction (SPE) on ovarian development, HCG was found to be the most effective one. The progress from diapause of the secondary yolk globule stage to migratory nucleus stage of oocytes could be induced by treating fish with HCG at 1,000 IU/kg. The effect of hormone treatment on ovarian development of conger eel in Korea was the most effective at water temperature of 14℃.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1097-1103
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• 2017

For the artificial induction of the sexual maturation of Anguilla japonica, salmon pituitary extract (SPE) is continuously injected into females, and the eggs obtained from artificial sexual maturation are artificially fertilized with sperms and hatched. However, repeated injection of SPE in the abdominal cavity causes tremendous stress in females, which may prevent their complete sexual maturation and reduce the immune system function, ultimately resulting in death. In addition, the poor quality of the ovulated eggs can reduce the hatching and survival rate of larvae. In the present study, sexual maturation of females was induced by inserting an osmotic (OS) pump containing hormone analogs known to effectively induce sexual maturation into the abdominal cavity of female eels, and the effect of the OS pump on the induced sexual maturation was investigated. Our study results showed that the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was significantly higher in the fish subjected to SPE injection than those subjected to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa), and methyl testosterone (MT) injections, either separately or in combination. In addition, a histological analysis showed that the oocytes in the SPE OS pump groups were more mature (entered the nuclear shift stage) than those in the other groups. These results suggest that an osmotic pump containing hormone analogs can be used to induce sexual maturation in female A. japonica artificially.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2016

In fish, light (photoperiod, intensity and spectra) is main regulator in many physiological actions including growth. We investigate the effect of light spectra on the somatic growth and growth-related gene expression in the rearing tiger puffer. Fish was reared under different light spectra (blue, green and red) for 8 weeks. Fish body weight and total length were promoted when reared under green light condition than red light condition. Expression of somatostatins (ss1 and ss2) in brain were showed higher expression under red light condition than green light condition. The ss3 mRNA was observed only higher expression in blue light condition. Expression of growth hormone (gh) in pituitary was detected no different levels between experimental groups. However, the fish of green light condition group was showed more high weight gain and feed efficiency than other light condition groups. Our present results suggest that somatic growth of tiger puffer is induced under green light condition because of inhibiting ss mRNA expression in brain by effect of green wavelength.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.251-256
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• 2011

Human growth hormone (hGH), one of the most important hormones in medicine, is secreted from anterior pituitary gland. Its broad physiological function includes body growth, cell regeneration, increasement of muscle volume, bone density, body fat reduction, and so on. Due to the wide range of therapeutic effects, the hGH produced from E. coli has been commercialized already. In this study, we asked whether it is possible to produce recombinant hGH efficiently from various cultured mammalia cells. To meet this purpose, we chose a retrovirus vector system for transfer and expression of the hGH gene in various mammalian cells. Analyses of RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot to determine expression of the hGH gene showed the highest production of the hGH was determined from chicken embronic fibroblast (CEF) cells with the concentration of 8.58 ${\mu}g$/ml. The biological activity of the hGH was similar to the commercially available counterpart. These results suggest that mass production of hGH is possible not only in the E. coli but also in the various mammalian cells.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.170-180
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• 1987

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of HCG and trout pitutary on sexual maturation and ovulation in the Korean loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Sexual maturation was observed in the fish treated with 250＋125 IU HCG within 2-4 days following injections. Total ovary weight and GSI were significantly greater in the hormone-treated fish than in the control fish. Furthermore, in the hormone-treated fish body weight increased by about 4-9 percent in 2 days. The water content of the ovulated eggs of the fish treated with 250＋125 IU HCG was also greater than that in the control. Changes in both macroscopic & microscopic appearnce of Korean loach ovaries are describled, as well as changes in the gonadosomatic index. Oocytes pass through seven cytologically changes in the relative stages. By examining these stages, it was found that oogenesis occures in two broad phases. The previtellogenic phasebegins as a new oogonia continues to arise following spawning. These rapidly develop into early perinucleolus oocytes, which in turn develop into resting stage oocytes. Most oocytes remain in this stage when they develop into late perinucleolus oocytes. The vitellogenic phase begins as these late perinucleolus oocytes become transformed into early maturing oocytes through the accumulation of yolk. The cytoplasm completely fills with yolk as oocytes reach the late maturing stage. Shortly before spawning the final hyaline stage of developing is reached. Changes in the microscopic appearances of the ovaries were well correlated with changes in both gonadosomatic index and macroscopic appearance.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2005

Biobehavioral nursing research is focused on generating knowledge that examines relations among biological, behavioral, and social dimensions of health to improve outcomes. In this paper we review the findings of a biobehavioral nursing study of individuals with fibromyalgia (FM) that was framed from the perspective of an individual human response model, the FM literature, and our previous studies in midlife women. We were particularly interested in the studying the role of 'arousal' secondary to pain or to dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hormones during sleep and the impact on symptom expression. Unexpectedly, we did not find evidence of, arousal' or abnormal amounts of HPA axis hormones but we did find reduced amounts of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) and of sleep spindle activity, a biomarker of sleep maintenance. We discuss these new findings and how our thinking was re-shaped to better understand the role that disturbed sleep plays in symptom expression in FM. It is argued that disturbed sleep maintenance mechanisms coupled with dysregulated somatotrophic-growth hormone axis and sleep-related PRL render individuals vulnerable to the development of or exacerbations of FM symptoms.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.7
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• pp.270-273
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• 2015

Legg-Calve-Perthes (LCP) disease is characterized by idiopathic avascular osteonecrosis of the epiphysis of the femur head. The main factor that plays a role in the etiology of the disease is decreased blood flow to the epiphysis. Many predisposing factors have been suggested in the etiology of LCP disease, and most have varying degrees of effects. Here we present the case of a boy aged 4 years and 10 months with complaints of short stature and a diagnosis of multiple hypophyseal hormone deficiency, in whom LCP disease and difficult birth-related pituitary stalk interruption syndrome were identified by anamnesis. The present case revealed that LCP disease and hypophyseal hormone deficiency could be secondary to difficult birth and that LCP disease could be secondary to insulin-like growth factor 1 deficiency. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge there is no published case on the relation between LCP disease and insulin-like growth factor 1 deficiency. Therefore, we believe that this case is worthy of presentation.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.495-497
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• 2017

Thalassemia major is a genetic disorder with a defective synthesis of either the alpha or the beta chain of hemoglobin A. Blood transfusion is crucial for the survival in these patients. Unfortunately, endocrine dysfunction is a very common complication in these patients and is principally due to excessive iron overload as a result of frequent blood transfusions. Although regular blood transfusion may increase life expectancy, disturbances in growth and pubertal development, abnormal gonadal functions, impaired thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal functions, diabetes, and disorderly bone growth are common side effects. We hereby present a case of a 23-year-old, unmarried woman with beta thalassemia major presenting with primary amenorrhea, poor development of secondary sexual character, and short stature. Thorough history, clinical examination, and laboratory investigation, including dynamic function test (insulin tolerance test) were conducted. These tests confirmed that she had multiple endocrinopathies, including hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, growth hormone deficiency, and subclinical adrenal insufficiency, which were caused by iron overload. She required hormone replacement therapy. Early recognition of possible deficiencies in hypothalamo-pituitary-end organ hormones caused by iron overload in thalassemia patients that undergo frequent blood transfusion procedures is essential. Appropriate treatments, including transfusion regimen and chelation therapy, as well as specific treatment of each complication are the crucial for the successful management and improvement of quality of life these patients.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.139-143
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• 2013

The patient who has congenital hypothyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism could have mental retardation even though adequate hormone treatment and cannot endure conventional dental treatment. In this case, general anesthesia is selected to administer effective dental treatment. But, there could be symptoms such as anemia, neuropathy, associated pituitary or adrenal hypofunction, cardiac failure even in euthyroid state. And, bradycardia, mental dullness, hypothermia, slow reflexes can appear in case of inadequate thyroid hormone replacement. Especially, macroglosssia, slow drug metabolism, exaggerated responses to anesthetic agents and decreased ventilatory responses could be problem during general anesthesia. The presentation of hypoparathyroidism also varies depending on the chronicity of the result of hypocalcemia. Muscle spasms/tetany, paresthesias, and seizures may occur in an acute onset. Chronic hypocalcaemia causes fatigue, muscle cramps, lethargy, personality changes, and cerebration defects.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 2022

Photoperiod has well been established to regulate testicular activities in golden hamsters. These animals breed actively around summer but become infertile in winter. In males, testicles are full of multistep germ cells including spermatozoa in summer. But in winter only fundamental cells consisting of the testicles are detected. The testicular degeneration is accompanied by the reduced levels of blood gonadotropins and testosterone. In this study, the expressions of gonadotropin subunit genes were investigated in the reproductive active and inactive testicles. And parts of sequences of the gonadotropin subunits were identified and compared with those of other rodents. As results, common gonadotropin alpha (CGa), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) β, and luteinizing hormone (LH) β genes were equivalently detected in pituitaries of both sexually active and inactive animals. In considering low concentrations of gonadotropin hormones determined in pituitary, the present findings imply that the processes involved in translation and/or formation of functional hormones could be impeded in the sexually inactive hamsters. All the nucleotide sequences of gonadotropin subunits identified in this study were same as those reported previously except for one base in CGa. An unsure amino acid deduced from the CGa sequence was confirmed from mRNA sequencing. The outcomes mentioned above suggest that animals with regressed testes prepare for the sexually active period forthcoming in the future.