• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.08a
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• pp.211-214
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• 2009

In this paper, we present an efficient handover method avoiding ping-pong phenomenon in Wireless LAN systems. In order to provide the seamless VoIP service for terminals with mobility in Wireless LAN systems. Since the variation range of the received signal strength of the moving terminals is large, the handover procedure can be started by an instant drop of the signal strength. Then the handover procedure is repeated, which makes ping-pong phenomenon. Since the quality of service of VoIP can be lowered by ping-pong phenomenon, in this paper, we present the necessary condition to avoid the ping-pong phenomenon. Through LAB test, we show that the proposed handover method can provide an seamless service without the ping-pong phenomenon.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.8B
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• pp.760-767
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• 2009

While network evolution toward all IP based wired and wireless converged network is on the move, services are being progressed into converged and complex services from simply coupled services, and telecommunication operators are developing new technologies which enable users to move between heterogeneous networks without discontinuity of a current service. In this paper, we propose a IP handover mechanism which reduces ping-pong effect during IP handover between WLAN and CDMA2000 1x EV-DO Rev.A neworks. We present stability and enhanced latency of the proposed IP handover mechanism by experimentation. The mechanism was developed under the 3rd phase of BcN project.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.560-572
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• 2022

H²RDC (heuristic handover based on RCC-DTSK-C), a heuristic algorithm based on a highly interpretable deep Takagi-Sugeno-Kang fuzzy classifier, is proposed for suppressing the mobile heterogeneous networks problem of frequent handover and handover ping-pong in the multibase-station scenario. This classifier uses a stack structure between subsystems to form a deep classifier before generating a base station (BS) priority sequence during the handover process, and adaptive handover hysteresis is calculated. Simulation results show that H²RDC allows user equipment to switch to the best antenna at the optimal time. In high-BS density load and mobility scenarios, the proposed algorithm's handover success rate is similar to those of classic algorithms such as best connection (BC), self tuning handover algorithm (STHA), and heuristic for handover based on AHP-TOPSIS-FUZZY (H²ATF). Moreover, the handover rate is 83% lower under H²RDC than under BC, whereas the handover ping-pong rate is 76% lower.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.3A
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• pp.240-249
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• 2011

In this paper, we consider a cell management and handover method in an IEEES02.16e based femto-cell systems. In a femto-cell system, Mobile Stations (MS) and Base Stations (BS) are temporarily overloaded during the process of MOB_NBR-ADV message because it includes huge information of macro-cell and a large number of femto-cells. Also, MS can be handover into another cell frequently, i.e. ping-pong phenomenon, if it is located in a overlapped cell area. In a femtocell system, so-called ping-pong phenomenon will burden the network opreation. In this paper, we propose construction of MOB_NBR-ADV message and it provides fast scanning and efficent handover by means of preselecting the candidate target femto-cells. Also, an adaptive method of hysteresis margin for handover is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed schemes improve the MS's handover-related performance in terms of scanning power and scanning time compared with the conventional managements scheme of femto-cell systems.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.487-497
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a hard handover scheme which adaptively decides important handover parameters such as hysteresis and time-to-trigger values considering the load difference between the target and serving cells. First of all, the hysteresis value can be automatically adjusted according to the load difference, thus it is used to decide the handover trigger time. As a result, through the adaptive hysteresis scheme, handover drop rate is improved. However, this adaptive hysteresis scheme has a problem that the ping-pong effect, which occurs due to the frequent movement of mobile stations at the cell boundary, is increased. Therefore, to solve this problem, we propose a novel adaptive time-to-trigger scheme with the time-to-trigger which is in inverse proportion to the hysteresis value already established by the adaptive hysteresis scheme which adapts to the changing load difference between the target and serving cells. The simulation results show that the proposed adaptive time-to-trigger scheme based on the adaptive hysteresis is better than existing schemes in terms of handover drop rate and ping-pong generation.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1065-1076
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• 2015

Network densification is regarded as the dominant driver for wireless evolution into the era of 5G. However, in this context, interference-limited dense small cell deployments are facing technical challenges in mobility management. The recently announced results from an LTE field test conducted in a dense urban area show a handover failure (HOF) rate of over 21%. A major cause of HOFs is the transmission failure of handover command (HO CMD) messages. In this paper, we propose two enhancements to HO performance in LTE networks - radio link failure-proactive HO, which helps with the reliable transmission of HO CMD messages while the user equipment is under a poor radio link condition, and Early Handover Preparation with Ping-Pong Avoidance (EHOPPPA) HO, which assures reliable transmission of HO CMD under a good radio link condition. We analyze the HO performance of EHOPPPA HO theoretically, and perform simulations to compare the performance of the proposed schemes with that of standard LTE HO. We show that they can decrease the HOF rate to nearly zero through an analysis, and based on the simulation results, by over 70%, without increasing the ping-pong probability.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.2389-2413
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• 2015

High data rates in long-term evolution (LTE) networks can affect the mobility of networks and their performance. The speed and motion of user equipment (UE) can compromise seamless connectivity. However, a proper handover (HO) decision can maintain quality of service (QoS) and increase system throughput. While this may lead to an increase in complexity and operational costs, self-optimization can enhance network performance by improving resource utilization and user experience and by reducing operational and capital expenditure. In this study, we propose the self-optimization of HO parameters based on fuzzy logic control (FLC) and multiple preparation (MP), which we name FuzAMP. Fuzzy logic control can be used to control self-optimized HO parameters, such as the HO margin and time-to-trigger (TTT) based on multiple criteria, viz HO ping pong (HOPP), HO failure (HOF) and UE speeds. A MP approach is adopted to overcome the hard HO (HHO) drawbacks, such as the large delay and unreliable procedures caused by the break-before-make process. The results of this study show that the proposed method significantly reduces HOF, HOPP, and packet loss ratio (PLR) at various UE speeds compared to the HHO and the enhanced weighted performance HO parameter optimization (EWPHPO) algorithms.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.312-320
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• 2013

Home evolved Node-B (HeNB), also called a femtocell or a femto base station, is introduced to provide high data rate to indoor users. However, two main problems arise in femtocell networks: (1) Small coverage area of HeNB, which results in limited cell-splitting gain and ping-pong handover (HO) problems and (2) high inter-femtocell interference because HeNBs may be densely deployed in a small region. In this study, an efficient cooperation mechanism called an HeNB-aided virtual-HO (HaVHO) scheme is proposed to expand the coverage area of femtocells and to reduce inter-femtocell interference. The cooperation among neighbor HeNBs is exploited in HaVHO by enabling an HeNB to relay the data of its neighbor HeNB without an HO. The HaVHO procedure is compatible with the existing long term evolution specification, and the information exchange overhead in HaVHO is relatively low. To estimate the signal to interference plus noise ratio improvement, the area average channel state metric is proposed, and the amount of user throughput enhancement by HaVHO is derived. System-level simulation shows that HaVHO has a better performance than the other four schemes, such as lesser radio link failure, lesser ping-pong handover, lesser short-stay handover, and higher user throughput.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.523-529
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• 2011

In this paper an inter-layer protocol, referred to as a Multi-Network Selector (MNS) is proposed for multiband maritime networks. A MNS is located between the data-link layer and the network layer and performs vertical handover when a ship moves another radio network. In order to provide seamless data transfer to different radio networks, the MNS uses received signal strength (RSS) and ship's location information as decision parameters for vertical handover, which can avoid ping-pong effect and reduces handover latency. In addition, we present related issues in order to implement the MNS for a multiband maritime network.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.1323-1325
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• 2009

MIH(Multimedia Independent Handover)는 이종망간 연동을 위해 IEEE 802.21 WG에서 진행 중인 기술로서, 이종망간 핸드오버를 지원하기 위해 제안되었다. MIH에서 정의한 시그널 메시지들(LGD : Link Going Down, LD : Link Down)은 이동 단말의 현재 상태를 네트워크에 알려주는 역할을 수행한다. 그 중 LGD는 신호세기가 LGD 임계값 이하일 경우 발생하며 후보 AP 검색 및 최종 후보 AP 선택, 그리고 빠른 핸드오버를 위한 최종 후보 AP와의 선 인증 과정을 거친다. 이 후 LD가 LD 임계값 이하일 경우에 발생하며 이 때 실질적인 핸드오버 과정이 수행된다. 이동단말이 LGD 임계값과 LD 임계값 사이에 위치하는 경우, 즉 이종망 사이의 경합 구간에 위치하여 대기하는 경우에는 Ping-Pong Handover가 발생하며 반복적인 시그널 메시지 교환에 의한 오버헤드가 발생하게 된다. 본 논문은 LGD에서 수행되는 핸드오버 준비과정을 축소하고 대신 LD에서 담당함으로서 경합 구간에 위치한 이동단말에서의 오버헤드를 최소화할 수 있는 방안을 제시한다.