• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.45-51
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to reveal that digital Zakat has a role in economic development. Even when disasters hit densely populated areas in big cities, Zakat is distributed quickly and precisely. Research design, data, and methodology: This study uses literature studies with an approach to Islamic economics and sociology of society. The authenticity of this research is about the potential role of digital Zakat which can create sustainable economic development in slums. Result: The results of the study concluded that economic development in slums could be carried out if it collaborated with Zakat institutions which were carried out in several stages. The existence of sustainable solidarity is a serious threat in the effort to achieve development goals and this is very regrettable by almost everyone because it can increase economic inequality. Conclusion: Strategy development is obtained from empirical evidence, the construction of slums that have been carried out by other countries in various parts of the world who also have the same problem. Although statistically not analyzed the relationship between the potential for Zakat and the level of welfare of densely populated settlements, theoretically digital Zakat can be one of the pillars to achieve community welfare through the distribution of Zakat.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.637-643
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• 2021

The study examines the influence of the five pillars of inclusive financing on the empowerment of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) and the influence of institutional conditions on the empowerment of MSMEs. This study uses primary and secondary data. The population of the study are MSMEs; the is a total of 930,620 MSMEs in Jakarta. Owners of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises is a good population to be measured because they are the main actors that know exactly the challenges and the obstacles in doing business addressing problems faced in inclusive financing, which is related to the purpose of the study. The research borrows from finance and entrepreneurial theories for model design. The results of the study show that all the variables are significant and positive in the efforts to finance MSMEs in Indonesia, which means that financial education plays an important role in the sustainability of financial inclusion. The financial theory, developed to explain financing at the company level, needs to be adapted to the entrepreneurial situation, so that it can explain the behavior of small businesses. This means that, with correct financial knowledge, financial inclusion plays an important role in the sustainability of MSMEs in Indonesia.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.497-514
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• 2020

This study investigated the causes of large-scale ground subsidence in the upper part of mining cavities of the Samdo limestone mine, Samcheok city, Gangwondo, Korea. Geological and electrical resistivity surveys were undertaken on the collapsed slope of the mountain and in the mine tunnel where subsidence occurred, with geotechnical evaluations and numerical analysis. It is concluded that wide mining cavities, with irregular pillars in unstable rock masses hosting discontinuities, weathered over time, resulting in subsidence occurring along a fault plane due to increasing ground stress.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.3-25
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• 2022

East Asia's Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) came into force in 2022 as the world's largest free trade agreement. RCEP was concluded, signed and brought into force in the face of major international uncertainty and is a significant boost to the global trading system. RCEP brings Australia, China, Japan, South Korea and New Zealand into the same agreement with the ten member ASEAN group at its centre. It keeps markets open and updates trade and investment rules in East Asia, a major centre of global economic activity, at a time of rising protectionism when the WTO itself is under threat. The agreement builds on ASEAN's free trade agreements and strengthens ASEAN centrality. One of the pillars of RCEP is an economic cooperation agenda which has its antecedents in ASEAN's approach to bringing along its least developed members and builds on the experience of capacity building in APEC and technical cooperation under the ASEAN Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement. There is an opportunity to create a framework that facilitates deeper economic cooperation that involves experience-sharing, extending RCEP's rules and membership at the same time as strengthening political cooperation. The paper suggests some areas that might be best suited to cooperation - that is confidence and trust building instead of or before negotiation - and discusses how non-members may be engaged and the membership expanded. Options such as multilateralising provisions and becoming a platform for policy convergence and coordinating unilateral reforms are canvassed.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.15-26
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• 2023

Due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to a shift towards remote work, the frequency of external access to important internal resources by companies has increased exponentially, exposing them to various security threats. In order to address these access security issues, ZTA (Zero Trust Architecture) has gained attention. ZTA operates on the principle of not trusting external or internal users, and manages access authentication and authorization strictly according to pre-established policies. This paper analyzes the definition of ZTA and key research trends, and summarizes different ZTA solutions for each company.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.50
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• pp.24.1-24.11
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• 2020

The development of the femtosecond laser (fs laser) with its ability to provide extremely rapid athermal ablation of materials has initiated a renaissance in materials science. Sample milling rates for the fs laser are orders of magnitude greater than that of traditional focused ion beam (FIB) sources currently used. In combination with minimal surface post-processing requirements, this technology is proving to be a game changer for materials research. The development of a femtosecond laser attached to a focused ion beam scanning electron microscope (LaserFIB) enables numerous new capabilities, including access to deeply buried structures as well as the production of extremely large trenches, cross sections, pillars and TEM H-bars, all while preserving microstructure and avoiding or reducing FIB polishing. Several high impact applications are now possible due to this technology in the fields of crystallography, electronics, mechanical engineering, battery research and materials sample preparation. This review article summarizes the current opportunities for this new technology focusing on the materials science megatrends of engineering materials, energy materials and electronics.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.50
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• pp.17.1-17.9
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• 2020

Recent advances in fabrication have enabled radial-junction architectures for cost-effective and high-performance optoelectronic devices. Unlike a planar PN junction, a radial-junction geometry maximizes the optical interaction in the three-dimensional (3D) structures, while effectively extracting the generated carriers via the conformal PN junction. In this paper, we report characterizations of radial PN junctions that consist of p-type Si micropillars created by deep reactive-ion etching (DRIE) and an n-type layer formed by phosphorus gas diffusion. We use electron-beam induced current (EBIC) microscopy to access the 3D junction profile from the sidewall of the pillars. Our EBIC images reveal uniform PN junctions conformally constructed on the 3D pillar array. Based on Monte-Carlo simulations and EBIC modeling, we estimate local carrier separation/collection efficiency that reflects the quality of the PN junction. We find the EBIC efficiency of the pillar array increases with the incident electron beam energy, consistent with the EBIC behaviors observed in a high-quality planar PN junction. The magnitude of the EBIC efficiency of our pillar array is about 70% at 10 kV, slightly lower than that of the planar device (≈ 81%). We suggest that this reduction could be attributed to the unpassivated pillar surface and the unintended recombination centers in the pillar cores introduced during the DRIE processes. Our results support that the depth-dependent EBIC approach is ideally suitable for evaluating PN junctions formed on micro/nanostructured semiconductors with various geometry.

• Composites Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.17-20
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• 2007

Superhydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene ($Teflon^{(R)}$, Dupont) sub-micro and nanostructures were fabricated by the dipping method, based on anodization process in oxalic acid. The polymer sticking phenomenon during the replication creates the sub-microstructures on the negative polytetrafluoroethylene nanostructure replica. This process gives a hierarchical structure with nanostructures on sub-microstructures, which looks like the same structures as lotus leaf and enables commercialization. The diameter and the height of the replicated nano pillars were 40 nm and 40 um respectively. The aspect ratio is approximately 1000. The fabricated surface has a semi-permanent superhydrophobicity, the apparent contact angle of the polytetrafluoroethylene sub-micro and nanostructures is about $160^{\circ}$, and the sliding angle is less than $1^{\circ}$.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.333-366
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• 2023

Rock as a mass generally exhibits discontinuities, commonly witnessed in rock slopes and underground structures like tunnels, rock pillars etc. When these discontinuities experiences loading, a new crack emerges from them which later propagates to a macro scale level of failure. The failure pattern is often influenced by the nature of discontinuity, geometry and loading conditions. The study of crack growth in rocks, namely its initiation and propagation, plays an important role in defining the true strength of rock and corresponding failure patterns. Many researchers have considered the length of the discontinuity to be fully persistent on rock or rock-like specimens by both experimental and numerical methods. However, only during recent decades, there has been a substantial growth in research interest with non-persistent discontinuities where the crack growth and its propagation phenomenon were found to be much more complex than persistent ones. The non-persistence fractures surface is generally considered to be open and closed. Compared to open flaws, there is a difference in crack growth behaviour in closed or narrow flaws due to the effect of surface closure between them. The present paper reviews the literature that has contributed towards studying the crack growth behaviour and its failure characteristics on both open and narrow flaws subjected to uniaxial and biaxial compression loading conditions.

• Journal of Smart Tourism
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.23-31
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• 2023

This paper explores the concept of enhanced smart tourism as a response to the challenges and opportunities arising in the post-pandemic tourism landscape. The COVID-19 pandemic has not only halted the global tourism industry but also prompted a reevaluation of its sustainability, technological integration, and impact on local communities. The need for a paradigm shift in tourism is emphasized, focusing on digitalization, innovation, and resilience. Enhanced smart tourism is characterized by a shift from traditional practices to innovative governance models, increased emphasis on sustainability, and the integration of technology for better management and visitor experiences. The paper discusses the four pillars of enhanced smart tourism - Technology, Sustainability, Accessibility/Mobility, and Innovation/Creativity, and their expansion in the post-pandemic era. Furthermore, the significant role of data in smart tourism is examined, highlighting the importance of data valuation, management, and ethics. The paper proposes frameworks and methods for data valuation and emphasizes the necessity of a comprehensive approach to data within the smart tourism ecosystem. The conclusion points to the need for further empirical and conceptual research to fully realize the potential of enhanced smart tourism.