• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2007

모돈의 산차와 분만후 일령이 비유모돈과 그 자돈들의 행동에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 산차는 $1{\sim}2$ 산차, $3{\sim}4$ 산차, 5 산차 이상으로 나누고 각각의 산차에 해당하는 모돈이 분만 후 1일, 7일, 14일, 21일이 경과하였을 때 비유모돈과 포유자돈의 행동을 조사하였다. $1{\sim}8$산차 범위의 총 36두의 Landrace 혹은 Yorkshire 순종모돈과 복당 자돈수가 $11{\sim}13$두인 $Landrace\;{\times}\;Yorkshire\;F_1$ 자돈 439두를 공시하여 각 산차와 분만일령에 해당하는 비유 모돈과 그 자돈을 대상으로 24시간 동안의 행동을 각 처리당 3반복으로 비유모돈은 옆으로 누워있는 자세, 엎드린 자세, 앉은 자세, 서 있는 자세, 먹는 동작, 마시는 동작으로 보낸 시간비율을, 포유자돈은 누워 있는 자세, 걸어 다니는 동작, 포유성공, 포유실패로 보낸 시간비율을 분석하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 분만 후 비유기간동안 모돈은 거의 대부분의 시간을 누워서 보내는 것으로 나타났으며, 앉아 있거나 서 있거나 먹고 마시는 동작으로 보내는 시간은 많게는 15%에서 적게는 5% 정도를 차지하는 것으로 조사되었다. 비유기간 동안 모돈의 행동 빈도는 누워있는 자세, 엎드린 자세, 서 있는 자세, 앉아있는 자세, 먹는 동작, 마시는 동작 순으로 많았다. 2. 산차에 따른 비유기간 동안 모돈의 행동은 누워있는 자세와 앉아 있는 자세는 모돈의 산차 간에 차이가 없었으나, 엎드린 자세는 $1{\sim}2$산차 모돈이 가장 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 서있는 자세, 먹는 동작, 마시는 동작은 일정한 경향을 나타내지 않았다. 3. 모돈의 비유기간 동안 그 자돈들의 행동은 분만 직후에 누워 있는 비율이 낮고 걷는 동작의 비율이 낮은 반면 포유 성공과 포유 실패가 동시에 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 분만 7일 이후에는 비유기간의 진행에 따른 차이가 없었다. 4. 모돈의 산차에 따른 그 자돈들의 행동은 $1{\sim}2$ 산차 모돈의 자돈들이 누워 있는 시간 비율과 포유 실패가 낮은 경향을 나타내었으나, 3산 이상 모돈의 자돈들은 어떤 행동의 차이도 찾을 수 없었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.87-91
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• 1981

OK serogroups of 268 cultures of Escherichia coli isolated from piglets with colibacillary diarrhea were determined by the use of the simplified routine diagnostic procedures of Sojka. The results obtained are summarised as follows: 1. Of 268 cultures of Escherichia coli tested, 190 cultures were classified into 15 OK groups and the remaining 78(29.1%) were untypable. 2. The most frequently isolated enteropathogenic E. coli in order of prevalence were 0157 : K 'Vl7' (14.2%), 0149 : K91, K88a, c (13.7%), 064 : K 'V142' (11.6%), 08 : K87, K88a, b (10.5%) and O141 : K85a, b, K88a, b (7.9%).

• 한국수의병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수의병리학회 2003년도 추계학술대회초록집
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• pp.31-31
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• 2003

Porcine circovirus (PCV) is the smallest virus that replicates autonomously in mammalian cells. PCV2 is recongized as the casual agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS).[1] Although the role of PCV2 in reproductive failure requires further clarification, there have been several reports of PCV2-associated reproductive failure. Consistent clinical signs of affected farms include elevated abortion, stillbirths and fetal mummification. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of PCV2 in aborted fetuses and stillborn piglets. Second objective was to determine the distribution of PCV2 DNA and antigen in aborted fetuses and stillborn piglets by in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry. (omitted)

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.241-244
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• 2020

Three neonatal pigs from the same litter in a domestic farm were born with skin lesions. Grossly, multiple well-circumscribed, round papules distributed over the skin of the three piglets. Two piglets were submitted for a diagnosis of skin disease. Microscopically, epidermal hyperplasia with ballooning degeneration of stratum spinosum keratinocytes was observed. Some keratinocytes contained eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions and a central nuclear vacuole and chromatin margination. Swinepox (SWP) virus was detected by polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing, and Staphylococcus hyicus was isolated in skin lesions. Based on the gross findings and laboratory results, these piglets were diagnosed with congenital SWP with a secondary staphylococcal infection.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.423-435
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• 2013

본 연구는 만삼추출분말의 모돈 사료 내 첨가급여가 모돈 및 자돈에 있어서 면역력과 생산성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 20두의 F1 임신돈(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire)을 옥수수와 대두박을 기초로 하는 임신돈 기초사료 급여구와 만삼추출분말 0.5% 첨가 급여구로 나누어 각각 10두씩 배치하여 공시동물로 이용하였다. 실험사료를 분만예정일 40일 전부터 분만 후 이유 시(25일)까지 급여하였다. 만삼은 항산화 효과와 더불어 면역증강 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있어, 모돈 사료 내 만삼추출분말의 급여는 모돈의 면역능력을 증강시켜 결과적으로 자돈의 면역력 상승효과를 가져올 것으로 예상하였다. 또한 면역력 상승에 따른 보상효과로 자돈의 생산성 및 성장 촉진을 기대하였다. 본 연구의 결과에서는 만삼추출분말의 첨가급여가 모돈 및 자돈에 있어서 면역력과 생산성에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 초유 내 IgG 함량과 자돈 혈액 내 IgG 함량 사이의 상관관계는 유의적이지는 않았지만, 양의 상관관계(correlation coefficient, 0.435 P=0.102)를 나타내어, 초유 내면역력의 상승은 자돈에 이로운 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사하였다. 이상의 결과로부터, 면역항진 기능을 가진 만삼추출분말의 생리활성 물질은 임신 모돈의 생체 내에서 충분한 면역촉진효과를 나타내지 않은 것으로 사료된다. 따라서, 면역증강제로써 임신돈 사료 내 만삼추출분말의 이용 가능성을 평가하기 위해서는, 만삼추출분말 내 생리활성 물질의 생체내 대사 메커니즘과 작용기전을 검토할 필요가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.1035-1043
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• 2014

To investigate the effect of dietary Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide (ASPS) on growth performance, immunity, blood parameters and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in immunologically challenged piglets, an experiment employing $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement concerning dietary ASPS treatment (0 or 800 mg/kg) and immunological challenge (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] or saline injection) was conducted with 64 crossbred piglets (weaned at 28 d of age, average initial body weight of $7.25{\pm}0.21kg$) assigned to two dietary ASPS treatments with 8 replicates of 4 pigs each. Half of the piglets of per dietary treatment were injected with LPS or saline on d 14. Blood samples were obtained at 3 h after immunological injection on d 14 and piglets were slaughtered to obtain spleen samples on d 21. Dietary ASPS did not affect average daily gain (ADG) (p = 0.634), average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p = 0.655), and gain:feed (p = 0.814) prior to LPS challenge. After LPS challenge, for LPS-challenged pigs those fed ASPS had higher ADG and ADFI than the non-supplemented group (p<0.05), and an interaction between $LPS{\times}ASPS$ was observed on the two indices (p<0.05). Dietary ASPS improved lymphocyte proliferation among saline-injected and LPS-injected pigs (p<0.05). Interaction between $LPS{\times}ASPS$ was also revealed on lymphocyte proliferation (p<0.05). Circulatory concentration of IgG was influenced neither by ASPS (p = 0.803) or LPS (p = 0.692), nor their interaction (p = 0.289). Plasma concentration and spleen mRNA expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ were induced to increase (p<0.05) by LPS challenge, in contrast, these indices were decreased by dietary ASPS (p<0.05), and interactions were found on these cytokines (p<0.05). For LPS-challenged pigs, dietary ASPS also reduced the circulating concentration and spleen mRNA expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 as well as TNF-${\alpha}$ (p<0.05). The interaction between $LPS{\times}ASPS$ was also observed on the circulating concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I, ${\alpha}$-acid glycoprotein (${\alpha}$-AGP), nonesterified fatty acid, and glucose (p<0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that dietary ASPS can modulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines during immunological challenge, which might enable piglets to achieve better growth performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.707-714
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• 2008

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan on growth performance, immunity and endocrine responses of weanling piglets. One hundred and eighty weanling piglets (Landrace$\times$Large White, $7.20{\pm}0.25kg$ BW and $28{\pm}2$ d of age) were randomly fed 1 of 5 treatment diets containing dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplemented at 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 4 wks. Each treatment was replicated in 6 pens containing 6 pigs per pen. On d 14 and 28, body weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency were recorded as measures of growth performance. Peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) were measured to study the effect of dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation on immune function. Plasma prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), growth hormone (GH) and ghrelin were measured to investigate endocrine response to ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation. Our results suggest that average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency had a quadratic increase trend with dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation from d 14 to 28, whereas it had no significant effect on average daily feed intake (ADFI). The treatment group fed with 50 mg/kg dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation showed a numerical increase in ghrelin, a similar change trend with ADG and no significant effect on GH. Lymphocyte proliferation indices, serum IgG and plasma PGE2 concentrations varied linearly with dietary supplementation levels of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan on d 14. Higher levels of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan may have a transient immuno-enhancing effect on the cellular and humoral immune function of weanling piglets via decreased PGE2. Taking into account both immune response and growth performance, the most suitable dietary supplementation level of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan is 50 mg/kg for weanling piglets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.723-731
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• 2008

Immunomodulatory feed additives might offer alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters in pig production. This experiment was designed to determine the effects of dietary galacto-mannan-oligosaccharide (GMOS) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) supplementation on the immune response in early-weaned piglets. Forty 15-day-old piglets (Duroc$\times$Landrace$\times$Yorkshire) with an average live body weight of $5.6{\pm}0.51kg$ were weaned and randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups that were fed maize-soybean meal diets containing either basal, 110 mg/kg of lincomycin, 250 mg/kg of COS or 0.2% GMOS, respectively, over a 2-week period. Another six piglets of the same age were sacrificed on the same day at the beginning of the study for sampling, in order to obtain baseline values. Interleukin (IL)-1${\beta}$gene expression in peripheral blood monocytes, jejunal mucosa and lymph nodes, as well as serum levels of IL-1${\beta}$ IL-2 and IL-6, IgA, IgG, and IgM, were evaluated for 5 pigs from each group at 15 and 28 days of age. The results indicate that weaning stress resulted in decreases in serum antibody and cytokine levels. Dietary supplementation with GMOS or COS enhanced (p<0.05) IL-1${\beta}$gene expression in jejunal mucosa and lymph nodes, as well as serum levels of IL-1${\beta}$ IL-2, IL-6, IgA, IgG and IgM compared to supplementation with lincomycin. These findings suggest that GMOS or COS may enhance the cell-mediated immune response in early-weaned piglets by modulating the production of cytokines and antibodies, which shows that GMOS or COS have different effects than the antibiotic on animal growth and health.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1061-1066
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• 2003

본 연구는 자돈사의 오존 처리가 돈사내 공기의 질과 자돈의 성장 효율에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 오존 0.03ppm 처리하거나 처리하지 않은 각 처리별 40두의 21일령 이유자돈을 암수 같은 수로 하여 2개의 돈방에 배치하고 3주 동안 사양하였으며, 3회 반복하여 실시하였다. 오존은 상업용 장치를 이용하여 자돈사 밖에서 발생시켜 관을 통하여 자돈사 건물 안으로 0.03ppm 수준으로 유입시켰다. 돈사내 유해가스 농도는 3주 사양시험 중 24시간 동안 2 시간 간격으로 측정하였다. 오존 처리에 의해 황화수소 농도는 변하지 않았으나, 오존 처리했을 때 암모니아와 이산화탄소 농도는 처리하지 않았을 때의 농도에 비해 각각 21%와 7% 감소하였다(P〈0.01). 반면 자돈의 일당증체량, 사료섭취량 및 사료요구율은 오존 처리에 의해 변하지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 자돈사내 오존 처리가 자돈의 생산 효율에는 영향을 미치지 않으나 돈사내 공기의 질을 개선시킬 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1131-1140
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• 2014

This research focused on the effects of different doses of Bacillus subtilis KN-42 on the growth performance, diarrhea incidence, faecal bacterial flora, and the relative number of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli in faeces of weaned piglets to determine whether the strain can serve as a candidate antimicrobial growth promoter. A total of 360 piglets (initial body weight $7.14{\pm}0.63$ kg) weaned at $26{\pm}2$ days of age were randomly allotted to 5 treatment groups (4 pens per treatment with 18 pigs per pen) for a 28-day trial. Dietary treatments were basal diet without any antimicrobial (negative control; NC), basal diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg feed of neomycin sulfate (positive control; PC) and basal diet supplemented with $2{\times}10^9$ (L), $4{\times}10^9$ (M) and $20{\times}10^9$ (H) CFU/kg feed of B. subtilis KN-42. During the overall period, average daily gain and feed efficiency of piglets were higher in groups PC, M, and H than those in group NC (p<0.05), and all probiotics and antibiotics groups had a lower diarrhea index than group NC (p<0.05). The 16S rDNA gene-based methods were used to analyze faecal bacterial flora on day 28 of experiment. The result of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that supplementation of B. subtilis KN-42 to the diet changed the bacterial communities, with a higher bacterial diversity and band number in group M than in the other four groups. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the relative number of Lactobacillus were higher in groups PC and H than in group NC (p<0.05), and the supplemented B. subtilis KN-42 to the diet also reduced the relative number of E. coli (p<0.05). These results suggest that dietary addition of B. subtilis KN-42 can improve the growth performance and gastrointestinal health of piglets.