• 대한가정학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2009

Dyeability and antimicrobial property of dyed pig skin with Coptis chinensis Franch was investigated. Dyestuff was extracted with water and concentrated. Pig skin was dyed and mordanted according to various dyeing temperature, dyeing time, dyestuff concentration, mordanting methods and kinds of mordants. The results of this experiment were as follows: 1. Dyeability of pig skin with Coptis chinensis Franch was best at 200%(owf) dyestuff concentration, 50${^{\circ}C}$ dyeing temperature, and 20min. dyeing time. 2. Pre-mordanting by Cu improved the K/S values of dyed pig skin. 3. Surface color and color difference of dyed pig skin showed various results according to the mordants used : generally their color was yellow, Al post-mordanted pig skin showed the greatest color difference. 4. Color fastness to drycleaning was considerably high in case of staining compared to fading. Fastness to light was improved by Cu-mordanting while other treatments were not effective. 5. Antimicrobial property of samples was not different (99.9%) between untreated and treated.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.410-415
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• 2007

Functional cosmetics are intensively investigated for the effectiveness of skin whitening, anti-aging and slimming. For enhancing the effectiveness, active ingredients should be delivered into the cell in the dermis. The amounts of penetration of caffeine and $Arbutin^{(R)}$ were tested, in vitro, using Franz diffusion cell. Oil-in-water emulsions were used for the vehicles of the transport. For the measuring the amounts of active ingredients delivered into the dermal skin, tape stripping was done after finishing the penetration experiments. The amounts of delivered caffeine were $8.45{\pm}$ 1.26ug/ml before tape stripping and $3.45{\pm}$ 1.80ug/ml after tape stripping, however, the amounts of delivered $Arbutin^{(R)}$ was quite small to detect. From now on, proper vehicles are considered for enhancing the delivery of $Arbutin^{(R)}$ Hairless mouse skin was compared with pig skin as a transdermal delivery membrane. The aspects of delivery were similar, but the amount of delivered ingredients using pig skin was larger than that of using hairless mouse skin. Therefore, the pig skin would be considered as a membrane for drug delivery experiments.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.559-567
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• 2019

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of pig skin collagen supplementation on growth performance, organ weight, blood characteristics, and intestinal microbiota in broilers. A total of 50 Ross 308 broilers were used for 2 weeks. The five dietary treatments were as follows: NC) basal diet, PC) NC + fish collagen powder 0.1%, T1) NC + pig skin collagen 0.1%, T2) NC + pig skin collagen 0.5%, and T3) NC + pig skin collagen 1.0%. The body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not affected (p > 0.05) by the dietary treatments in this experiment. Additionally, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the organ weights among the treatments. Broilers fed T1, T2 and T3 diets had higher (p < 0.05) white blood cell (WBC) counts than the broilers fed the NC and PC diets. The Lactobacillus counts in the excreta were improved (p < 0.05) in the broilers fed the T1 and T2 diets. Moreover, the Salmonella counts in the excreta were decreased (p < 0.05) in the broilers fed the PC and T1 diets. In conclusion, supplementation of pig skin collagen in diets improved the white blood cells (WBCs) in the blood and Lactobacillus counts in the excreta, and reduced the Salmonella counts in the excreta. However, when pig skin collagen was increased in the diets, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05). Therefore, the addition of 0.1% pig skin collagen in the feed provided beneficial effects on the blood characteristics and the intestinal microbiota environment.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2001

In this study, we compared skin response between Hartley guinea pig and New Zealand white rabbit. New Zealand white rabbit was treated by a glycolic acid (0, 8, 24, 40, 56 mg/$cm^2$) and UVB (0, 0.4, 3.0 J/$cm^2$) for 14 days. Skin irritation by glycolic acid and UVB were increased in dose and time-dependent manners, and the combination treatment of UVB increased glycolic acid-induced skin irritation. Comparison the skin irritation index between guinea pig and rabbit showed that guinea pig was much more sensitive to glycolic acid and UVB. This study indicated that selection of reliable species of animal could be considered in chemical-induced skin irritation study.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권8호
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• pp.1147-1152
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• 2016

본 연구는 돈피 젤라틴 분말의 첨가 수준이 떡갈비의 품질특성에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 실시하였다. 떡갈비의 단백질 함량은 대조구가 가장 낮은 수치를 나타내었으며 돈피젤라틴 분말 4% 처리구가 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 수분 함량은 돈피 젤라틴 분말을 첨가할수록 점차 높아지는 경향을 보였으나, 지방 함량은 돈피 젤라틴 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 가열 전과 후 명도와 적색도는 돈피 젤라틴 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 황색도는 증가하였다(P<0.05). 가열감량, 직경감소율과 두께감소율은 돈피 젤라틴 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였으며, 경도는 돈피 젤라틴 분말을 첨가할수록 높은 수치를 나타내었고 3% 처리구와 4% 처리구가 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 검성과 씹음성은 돈피 젤라틴 분말의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 관능적 특성은 모든 돈피 젤라틴 분말을 첨가할수록 색도와 다즙성에서 대조구보다 우수한 평가를 받았으며, 이외 모든 관능평가 항목에서 3% 처리구가 유의적으로 가장 우수한 평가를 받는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 돈육 떡갈비에 돈피 젤라틴 분말을 첨가하여 품질 특성을 분석한 결과 2~3%의 돈피 젤라틴 분말을 첨가하여 우수한 떡갈비를 제조할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.674-686
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• 2021

This study aimed to enhance the quality of broiler breast meat by adding pig skin collagen to feed. A total of 50 Ross 308 broilers were classified according to the following feeding regime for two weeks: basal diet (NC), basal diet+0.1% fish collagen (PC), basal diet+0.1% pig skin collagen (T1), basal diet+0.5% pig skin collagen (T2), and basal diet+1.0% pig skin collagen (T3). The moisture content was the highest in the PC group, and the protein content was the lowest in the T1 group (p<0.05). The fat content was higher in the T1 and PC groups, whereas the ash content was higher in the T3 group (p<0.05). Drip loss was the highest in the NC group and the lowest in the T2 group (p<0.05). Lightness was low in groups T2 and T3, redness was low in groups T2 and PC, and yellowness was low in groups T1, T2, and PC (p<0.05). The collagen content of the chicken breast was the highest in the T3 group, and that of the skin was the highest in the T1 group (p<0.05). The texture characteristics of springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and hardness were the highest in the T3 group (p<0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of a broiler diet with pig skin collagen was found to increase the collagen content of the breast meat, indicating the improved quality of the broiler breast meat.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2014

Understanding steel/skin contact phenomena is important for the study of object manipulation in robotics and has been a topic of great interest. In this study, pig skin was taken as a surrogate model for human skin, and its adhesive, friction, and deformation behaviors were measured under various exposure times to air. Indentation, friction, and scratch tests were performed at $25^{\circ}C$ and 45% relative humidity. The influences of adhesion and deformation on the coefficient of friction were characterized; the pig skin was found to be sensitive to the sliding velocity and normal load under the controlled experimental conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.1204-1209
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• 2002

Polymerization of heated or unheated pig skin collagen using microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was investigated. Pig skin collagen samples were heated or left unheated, then enzymatically polymerized with MTGase. SDS-PAGE was conducted to confirm the intermolecular polymer and the results showed similar bands between samples without MTGase and unheated samples with MTGase. The polymerized product of pig skin collagen was not formed in unheated samples, even when MTGase was added during incubation. Different results were obtained from samples heated at $80^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ for 2 min, whereas the SDS-PAGE pattern indicated that a polymer band was generated in both cases. The heat treatment successfully modified the native structure of collagen and also made collagen more reactable in the MTGase polymerization system. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) investigation of pig skin collagen showed a biopolymer structure through intermolecular collagen crosslinking, while there were no intermolecular crosslinks in samples not treated with MTGase. There were no significant differences in fibril diameter between treated samples and controls. These results suggest that heat treatment of native pig skin collagen enhanced the polymerization capability of MTGase.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.291-300
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• 2007

The crayfish-shaped artificial bait for octopus drift line is manufactured, into which is made to insert ordinary bait. The effects of the artificial bait are confirmed through the analysis of octopus' behavior in the laboratory in comparison with the existing bait of pig-fat skin, and the investigation of the octopus catch on the sea, and in addition, the examination of the water quality in relation to the bait to be inserted into the artificial bait is done together. The artificial bait is red in color, 10.5cm in the length of the body, and 29g in weight. The octopus behavior in relation to the bait in the laboratory has shown a good result in which more than 30% of the octopuses rushed to the artificial bait. In the analysis of the octopus sitting time by the bait, the octopus stayed longer with the artificial bait(63.7%) than the pig-fat skin(25.1%). The octopus sitting time at the artificial bait inserted with frozen squid(48.8％, 44.6％) is shown to be longer than that of the pig-fat skin(36.9％) or boiled fish paste(21.2％). In the analysis of sitting frequency to the bait, the case of the artificial bait(total 17 times) was more than that of the pig-fat skin(total 3 times), and the case of the artificial bait with frozen squid attracted the octopuses more frequently than that of the pig-fat skin or the boiled fish paste. In the field experiment, the fishing boat A(Manseon-ho, 1.22tons) caught the total 93 octopuses, while the fishing boat B(Ilho-ho, 0.73tons) caught the total 154 octopuses, all of which weighed less than 9.0kg. In the comparison with the total catch, the case with the artificial bait was a little higher than that of the pig-fat skin($^{**}p\;<\;0.05$). In the analysis of the water quality in relation to the baits, the COD showed the descending order of frozen squid(0.57mg/g), boiled fish paste(0.18mg/g), and pig-fat skin(0.10mg/g), and the case with frozen squid was the highest and the case of the pig-fat skin, lowest. The total phosphorus, like the COD, showed the highest in frozen squid(0.02mg/g), and in case of the total nitrogen, unlike the COD, the pig-fat skin was shown to be the highest(0.006mg/g).

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.294-303
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• 2018

In this study, eco-friendly natural dyeing for pig leather was explored by using onion skin which is food waste. Sodium caseinate was used as a pre-treatment agent to improve dyeability of pig leather and its effect on dye uptake was investigated according to treatment concentration. Dye uptake of the pre-treated pig leather was increased by about two times compared to untreated one at 0.2% pre-treatment concentration. Onion skin colorant imparted YR color on pig leather. After mordanting, the color of pretreated/dyed pig leather was varied from brick-red to khaki shades. However, mordanting did not improved dye uptake of the pre-treated/dyed pig leather significantly. The color-fastnesses of un-mordanted samples to light, dry cleaning, rubbing were grades 3-4, 5, and 4, respectively, which is good enough to meet all Korean Standard for Fastness of leather products. After mordanting, the light fastness of pig leather was improved to 4, 4-5 grade. The efficacy of sodium caseinate as a pre-treatment agent for pig leather was verified by improved dye uptake and good colorfastness. And, the natural dyeing of pig leather using food waste would be a significant sustainable way in terms of eco-friendliness and reuse of biomass to reduce environmental pollution.