• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.293-296
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• 2011

This survey was conducted to promote the environment-friendly use and recycling of livestock feces by obtaining information about the current state of livestock feces composts manufactured in Gyeonggi Province. Therefore, some aspects of quality and manufacturing techniques of livestock feces composts (LFCs) were examined especially in relation to the LFCs quality standard (LQS). By surveying the 70 composting plants in Gyeonggi Province, the total commercial production of LFCs in 2008 was estimated to be about $480,000Mg\;year^{-1}$ and they were manufactured mainly by using both mechanical mixer and bottom air blower. LFCs were composed mainly of chicken feces 29.2%, pig+chicken feces 23.1%, pig feces 20.0%, livestock feces+oil cake 12.3%, pig+chicken+cattle feces 10.8% and pig+cattle feces 4.6%. On the basis of the current official standard which was revised on March 2010, 11 composts out of surveyed 76 ones did not meet the LQS due to inadequate content of water (5), OM/N (1), NaCl (2) and Zn (3). The satisfaction rate to LQS by manufacturers was 100% in the composts produced by farmer's cooperative societies, 80.7% by civil factories, and 44.4% by farming guilds, respectively. The OM/N declined by adding chicken feces and oil cake, while Ca content was increased by the addition of chicken feces and NaCl was increased by adding cattle feces.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2013

Purpose: Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE), caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis, is a widely distributed disease throughout the world causing substantial economic loss. In order to diagnose PPE rapidly, the rapid kit was developed and tested. Methods: In this study, a rapid kit was developed to screen the PPE rapidly at the pig farm. Also, occult blood test with fecal occult blood (FOB) kit was done for detecting the blood in pig feces which might be the evident of hemorrhagic PPE. For developing the kit, we tested fecal samples of PPE infected pigs diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: With the developed rapid kit, Lawsonia intracellularis was detected in high density emulsion of ileum. On the other hand, the test result of detecting Lawsonia in feces showed too high non-specific response. In addition, nevertheless the FOB test result showed that blood evident could be founded in pig feces, the diagnosing result was not fit to PCR test result, which shows blood in pig feces could be from not only hemorrhagic PPE but also many reasons. Conclusions: To deal with the PPE effectively, it will be better for farmers to screen the PPE in earlier stage with easy and rapid diagnosing tool on farm. This study found out that the rapid kit could detect the Lawsonia intracellularis and hemoglobin in pig feces. However, the non-specific response to negative samples of PPE was too high to use at a pig farm. Further research is needed for lowering the non-specific response with the rapid kit.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1286-1290
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• 2004

This study was carried out to screen yeasts effective in reducing odor from pig feces. Three isolates from soil and compost sources were selected to treat pig feces. On the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics, one isolate from compost was Candida rugosa, and two isolates from soil were Candida rugosa and Candida maris. These isolates showed deodorizing activity by reducing the concentration of ${NH}_3$ and R-${NH}_2$. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) are the specific malodorous compounds of pig feces, and the Candida maris from soil showed a 100% reduction of butyric, iso-butyric, and iso-valeric acid in 10% pig slurry medium. However, the Candida rugosa from compost showed a 100% reduction of butyric and iso-butyric acid while that from soil showed a 100% reduction of propionic, butyric acid and iso-valeric acid in the medium. Also, these yeasts were effective in reducing $NH_{4}-N$, soluble-N, and biological oxygen demand (BOD).

• 유기물자원화
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2009

바이오매스를 바이오오일로 전환시기키 위하여 오거형의 반응조를 설계, 제작하여 실험하였다. 10.2L의 반응조는 $550^{\circ}C$를 유지하며 Batch식으로 운영하였다. 돈분뇨 혼합물, 돈분 왕겨혼합물, 돈분 톱밥혼합물 등 세 가지 혼합물을 대상으로 주(主) 구성성분인 헤미셀루로즈, 리그닌, 셀루로즈, 단백질, 지질(脂質)등을 화학적으로 분석하였다. 실험결과에 의하면 전섬유소 (holocellulose = hemicellulose + cellulose), 리그닌(lignin)의 함유량이 클수록 바이오오일 생산량은 많았으나, 회분(ash)함량은 현저한 감소를 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 바이오매스기질을 평가하였으며, 돈분과 왕겨의 상관성은 거의 나타나지 않았으나 돈분과 톱밥의 상관성은 매우 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1701-1708
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• 2021

Food safety is the most important global health issue due to foodborne pathogens after consumption of contaminated food. Foodborne bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter spp., Bacillus cereus, Vibrio spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Clostridium perfringens are leading causes of the majority of foodborne illnesses and deaths. These foodborne pathogens often come from the livestock feces, thus, we analyzed fecal microbial communities of three different livestock species to investigate the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in livestock feces using metagenomics analysis. Our data showed that alpha diversities of microbial communities were different according to livestock species. The microbial diversity of cattle feces was higher than that of chicken or pig feces. Moreover, microbial communities were significantly different among these three livestock species (cattle, chicken, and pig). At the genus level, Staphylococcus and Clostridium were found in all livestock feces, with chicken feces having higher relative abundances of Staphylococcus and Clostridium than cattle and pig feces. Genera Bacillus, Campylobacter, and Vibrio were detected in cattle feces. Chicken samples contained Bacillus, Listeria, and Salmonella with low relative abundance. Other genera such as Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Helicobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas known to be opportunistic pathogens were also detected in cattle, chicken, and pig feces. Results of this study might be useful for controlling the spread of foodborne pathogens in farm environments known to provide natural sources of these microorganisms.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.420-428
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• 2012

Purpose: Porcine proliferative enteropathy(PPE), caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis, is a widely distributed disease throughout the world causing substantial economic loss. The bacterial pathogen invades the intestinal epithelial cells which causes hyperplasia of the infected cells and leads to the process of disease pathogenesis. For diagnosing PPE in a pig farm in earlier stage, a rapid diagnosing test equipment is needed for farmers. To test the equipment appropriately, we prepare the samples and antibodies for rapid detecting the Lawsonia intracellularis in pig feces. Methods : To prepare the PPE infected samples, we sampled PPE suspected pig feces in a pig farm. To manufacture a anti-Lawsonia intracellularis antibody for capturing the Lawsonia intracellularis, the rabbit-anti LsaA synthetic peptide polyclonal antibody was inoculated to rabbits. To select the couple of antibodies which is most well sandwiched with the bacteria, ELISA test was done with PPE infected ileum samples. Finally, to verify the PPE infected feces which would be used to test the rapid kit, PCR test was done on the sampled PPE suspected feces Results : The rabbit-anti LsaA synthetic peptide polyclonal antibody is developed, and is verified to capture the bacterial well through the fluorescence antibody test. Also, we found that the monoclonal antibody and the polyclonal antibody could be used as couples for sandwiching the bacteria. Finally, through the PCR test for samples of pig feces, we could prepare the 150 PPE positive samples and 50 PPE negative samples. Conclusions : The manufactured polyclonal antibody and the imported monoclonal antibody could be used to capture the bacteria using the sandwich techniques. Also, the prepared PPE infected negative and positive samples could be used to test the performance of the rapid kit to capture the bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 1992

사질 뽕밭의 생산성 향상을 위하여 복합 영농 및 축산업 농가에서 생산된 가축 분뇨를 사용하여 사질 뽕밭의 토양 화학성 및 수엽량에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 가축 분뇨를 3년간 사용한 결과 우분, 돈분, 계분 공히 토양 화학성이 개량되었으며, 계분 8t/10a 상당량을 사용하였을 경우 유기물함량이 1.3% 증가되었으며, 우분 15t/10a 상당량을 사용하였을 경우에는 0.9% 증가하였다. 2. 3년간의 춘기 평균 수엽량은 화학시료만을 사용한 것에 비하여 가축 분뉴만 사용한 경우 및 가축분뇨 및 화학시료를 같이 사용할 경우 차가 없었으며, 추기 평균 수엽량은 돈분과 화학시료를 같이 사용한 경우에서 증수되었으며 연간 평균 수엽량의 경우에는 돈분만 사용한 경우와 계분만 사용한 수엽량이 많이 증가되었다. 3. 뽕잎의 탄수화물 함량은 춘, 추기 다같이 화학시료만을 사용한 것에 비하여 가축 분뇨만을 사용하거나, 가축 분뇨와 화학시료를 같이 사용한 경우 공히 많았다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.219-223
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• 1981

축산공해를 방지하고 대체에너지를 개발하기 위하여 가축분뇨로부터의 메탄가스 발효실험을 실시하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. (1) 각 가축의 분뇨에 약 30%의 슬러지를 첨가하여 37$^{\circ}C$에서 20일간 발효시킨 결과 우분, 돈분 및 계분의 유기물 1 kg당 메탄가스 생성량은 각각 181, 248 및 235 $\ell$였으며 발효기간중 pH 변화는 발효 초기에 약간 저하하다가 점차 상승하는 경향을 보였다. (2) 우분(300g)과 물(200g)의 혼합물에 슬러지를 각각 20, 30, 40 (w/w) %씩 첨가하여 발효시킨 결과 가스생성량은 약 6.1, 14. 5, 13.4 $\ell$ 였다. (3) 우분에 톱밥과 왕겨를 각각 등량씩 혼합하여 발효시킨 결과 톱밥 첨가시가 왕겨 첨가시보다 메탄생성량이 많았다. (4) 메탄발효처리물의 N, K, P의 함량에 있어서 N, K의 함량은 계분>돈분>우분의 순서였고 P는 우분>계분>돈분의 순서였다. (5) 수중펌프발효조를 이용하여 우분으로부터 메탄가스 생산발효를 20일간 실시한 결과 유기물 1kg 당 188 $\ell$의 메탄가스가 생성되었고, 이 때 생성된 총 메탄가스의 가격과 소모된 전력요금과는 거의 비슷하였다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2002

본 연구는 돈분 완숙퇴비에서 돼지분뇨 악취제어 효과가 뛰어난 효모를 분리하고, 그들의 특성을 조사하여 악취미생물에 관한 기초자료를 얻고자 수행하였다. 10% 돈분배지에서 성장이 우수한 균주를 선발하고 10% 돈분액체배지에 접종하여 28$^{\circ}C$ 72시간 배양한 후 가스경지간을 이용하여 암모니아와 아민류를 측정하여 이들에 대한 기질 선호성을 가진 호모를 악취유용 미생물로 CY-10을 선발하였다. 이의 형태적, 생화학적 특성에 따라 희비에서 분리한 CY-10은 Candida rugosa로 동정되어 본 시험에 공시로 Candida rugosa CY-10으로 하였다. 이의 악취저감능을 조사하기 위해서 돈분 액체배지에 성장시키면서 이들 배양액의 휘발성 지방산을 분석한 결과 대조구에 비해 CY-10의 경우 iso- butric acid와 busic acid를 100% 감소시켜 뷰틸산류에 기질특이성이 있는 것으로 나타났으며 또한 이의 처리구는 대조구에 비해 $NH_4$-N, Soluble-N, BOD즐 각각 20%, 12.6%, 9.82%를 감소시키는 효과가 있었다

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2001

Swine proliferative enteritis(SPE) caused by inかsoma intracellularis is a common enteric disaese of grower and finisher pig. Swine affected with SPE show variable clinical signs including diarrhea, weight loss, aberrant growth and death. The characteristic lesion of ileitis at necropsy is marked thickening of the last section of the small intestine. The inner lining of the thickened intestine proliferates almost like a cancer and curved rod bacteria(L intracellularis) are always seen inside the intestinal wall. Infected swine shed the organism in the feces. Isolation and growth of pure L intracellularis in vitro requires a suitable cell culture. This procedure is difficult and not a practical means of diagnosis, thus the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) test of feces can be used to determine whether a pig is shedding the infective organism. A sensitive assay based on amplification of a 319bp DffA fragment of the L intracellularis of Swine proliferative enteritis was attempted for the detection of the organism in the 62 feces of swine. L intracellularis was identified on three herds and detected in 6 fecal samples, representing a infection rate of 9.7%. The PCR was very sensitive and specific on the individual level. The PCR technique could be very useful for the diagnosis of this disease.