• KSBB Journal
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Changes in the concentrations of glucosinolates and related compounds in different extracts of Dolsan leaf mustard kimchi (DLMK) and Dolsan leaf mustard pickles (DLMP) were during storage investigated. Samples were kept at 0oC for 35 days and collected at 7 day intervals. The leaves and stems of DLMK and DLMP were refluxed for 24 h with 50% acetonitrile, and the extracts were analyzed by LC-PDA/MS/MS. The main glucosinolates detected in DLMK were sinigrin, gluconapoleiferin, glucobrassicanapin, and gluconapin, whereas those in DLMP were sinigrin, gluconapoleiferin, glucobrassicanapin, glucobrassicin, and glucoerucin. Sinigrin concentrations were quantified by UV absorption at 228 nm. Sinigrin concentrations in the leaves and stems of DLMK on the day of preparation were 2.14 mg/g and 2.25 mg/g, respectively, and those on day 35 after preparation were 1.25 mg/g and 1.00 mg/g, respectively. DLMP showed a similar trend: the concentrations in the leaves and stems on the day of preparation were 2.04 mg/g and 0.29 mg/g, respectively, whereas those on day 35 after preparation were 0.59 mg/g and 0.41 mg/g, respectively. Thus, sinigrin concentrations decreased during storage.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.620-628
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• 2019

To investigate Oiji (traditional Korean cucumber pickles) with reduced sodium content based on the use of saline foods as a salt substitute, Oiji was prepared using glasswort powder (Salicornia herbacea L.), and its physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation were examined. The moisture content of Oiji was shown to be higher in those to which glasswort powder had been added compared to the control without addition of glasswort powder, and Oiji with 40% glasswort powder substitute showed the highest pH and lowest acidity, resulting in slow progression of fermentation. The salinity of Oiji among those containing glasswort powder substitute was significantly higher with increasing level of glasswort powder. The sodium content of Oiji was significantly reduced as addition of glasswort powder increased. The L value of Oiji decreased with increased addition of glasswort powder, whereas the a value was highest in the control. The hardness of Oiji was higher in the control than in Oiji containing glasswort powder. Taste acceptance was highest for Oiji with 20% glasswort powder substitute, whereas acceptance of appearance was higher for Oiji with 10% glasswort powder substitute. Flavor and texture acceptance was higher for the control. In the attribute difference test, significant differences were found in brownness, off-flavor, salty taste, and sourness. Based on the findings, 10-20% substitution of salt with glasswort powder did not significantly lower overall acceptance compared to the control while salinity of Oiji was maintained. Therefore, the potential production of low-sodium Oiji has been verified.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.145-157
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• 2019

This study was conducted to examine the effects of horticultural therapy on depression and emotional balance of women with hearing impairment. Ten women with hearing impairment registered in the Mokpo branch of the Korean Association of the Hearing Impaired were selected, and participated in the horticultural therapy program composed of 14 sessions from May 15 to July 31. The horticultural therapy program consisted of 'planting tropical orchids,' 'making a dish garden,' 'making plum pickles,' 'decorating a table with flowers,' 'making a hanging pot with succulent plants,' 'making pressed flowers with hydrangea,' 'making a fan with pressed flowers,' 'making a terrarium,' 'making a flower basket,' 'making a mosquito repellent spray,' 'decorating a heart-shaped cup with flowers,' 'making a natural herbal soap,' 'making a hydrangea bouquet' and 'making watermelon salad.' The depression and emotional balance scales were used to examine the effects of the program and the pre- and post-program scores were compared. The mean value of depression statistically significantly decreased from 49.0 points before the program to 43.9 points after the program. In addition, the mean value of emotional balance statistically significantly increased from 0.3 points before the program to 2.3 points after the program. The activity of drawing a picture after each session was effective in reducing depression and improving positive emotional balance by expressing emotions through pictures. The programs preferred by women with hearing impairment included 'making plum pickles,' 'making pressed flowers with hydrangea,' 'planting tropical orchids,' 'making a mosquito repellent spray,' 'making a natural herbal soap,' and 'making watermelon salad.' In conclusion, horticultural therapy programs were effective in reducing depression and improving emotional balance of women with hearing impairment.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.402-411
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• 2014

조미액의 식초 함량을 달리하여 제조한 차잎 피클의 pH는 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 소폭 감소하였고, 총산도는 증가하였다. 차잎 피클의 색도는 저장기간이 지남에 따라 L값은 감소, a값은 증가함을 보였으며 식초 20% 실험군을 제외하고는 L값의 저장기간에 따른 유의적 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). 경도는 저장기간이 지남에 따라 꾸준히 감소하였는데 식초 10% 실험군은 15일부터 식초 20%, 30% 실험군은 5일부터, 식초 40% 실험군은 3일부터 경도에 유의적인 차이가(p<0.05) 나타난 것으로 보아 조미액의 식초함량이 피클의 연화현상에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보이며 조미액의 식초의 함량에 따라 경도 감소 시기의 차이가 나타나는 것은 조미액 별 산성 조건이 다르므로 탈메틸화(demethylation)가 진행되는 정도의 차이 때문인 것이라 사료된다. 관능검사 결과 떫은맛의 기호도는 저장기간이 지남에 따라 대체로 증가하였으며 전반적 기호도는 식초 함량 40% 실험군 제외한 모든 실험군에서 20일차에 점수가 가장 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05) 그 중 식초 함량 20% 실험군이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 차잎피클 제조시 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 총 페놀화합물 함량, 플라보노이드 함량은 감소하였으며 식초 함량 40% 실험군에서 가장 많이 감소함을 보였다. 또한, DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ABTS 라디칼 소거능도 저장기간에 따라 꾸준히 감소하며 조미액의 식초의 함량 40% 실험군에서 가장 많이 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이를 종합해 볼 때 조미액의 식초함량을 달리하여 제조한 차잎 피클은 식초 20% 함량으로 저장 20일차에 섭취할 때 전반적인 기호도가 가장 우수하며 저장기간에 따라 항산화 화합물 함량 및 항산화 활성능이 감소하므로 가능한 빠른 시일에 섭취하는 것이 생리활성 물질의 이용면에서 우수할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.281-296
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• 2015

본 연구는 육류 소비의 증가와 외식 빈도의 증가에 따른 식생활 패턴의 변화는 피클의 소비량을 증가하게 하였고, 호텔 레스토랑 및 대형 외식업체에서도 오이 피클을 직접 만들어 사용하는 곳이 많이 늘고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 오이 피클의 절임액 온도를 위험 온도구간을 제외한 5가지($95^{\circ}C$, $85^{\circ}C$, $75^{\circ}C$, $65^{\circ}C$, $5^{\circ}C$)로 다르게 제조하여 12일 저장기간 동안 식감과 맛을 향상시키기 위하여 오이 피클 제조 시 담금 액 온도의 기초자료가 될 수 있도록 오이 피클의 절임액 온도 차이에 따른 기호도와 품질특성으로 기계적 특성과 관능검사를 실시하였다. pH는 3일째 $95^{\circ}C$ 피클에서 높았으며, 저장기간 처리구 모두 낮아지는 유의적 차이가 나타났다(p<0.001). 산도, 염도, 당도는 담금 초기 높은 온도 절임액에서 빠른 침투를 나타내었다. 피클 외부 백색도와 황색도는 높은 온도 절임액에서 높게 나타났으며, 녹색도는 낮은 온도 절임액에서 낮게 나타났다. 내부 백색도는 높은 온도 절임액에서 낮게 나타났고, 적색도는 낮은 온도 절임액에서 낮게 나타났으며, 황색도는 저장기간 동안 낮아지는 결과를 나타내었다. 텍스쳐 측정결과 경도는 12일째 $5^{\circ}C$에서 낮게 나타났으며, 시간 경과에 따른 경도의 차이는 $5^{\circ}C$를 제외한 처리구에서는 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 전체 기호도는 높은 절임액 온도에서 높게 나타나, 높은 온도에서 피클을 담을 경우 기호도가 높았다. 전체 기호도(Overall preference)는 담금 초기 3일째 $95^{\circ}C$에서 $5.60{\pm}0.82$로 높게 나타나 유의적 차이가 나타났으며((p<0.001), 다음으로 $85^{\circ}C>75^{\circ}C>65^{\circ}C>5^{\circ}C$로 $5^{\circ}C$에서 낮게 나타났다. 이는 높은 온도에서 피클을 담을 경우 기호도가 좋은 것으로 보이며, 담금 초기 색(color)에서 저온처리구에서 높은 기호도가 나타났지만, 저장기간 중에는 높은 절임액 처리구에서 기호도가 높게 나타났다. 본 연구 결과, 절임액 온도를 달리한 피클의 품질특성에서 $95^{\circ}C$, $85^{\circ}C$의 경우 날짜별 높은 전체 기호도를 보였으며, 이와 같이 품질특성을 측정한 결과 날짜별로 차이는 있었으나, $95^{\circ}C>85^{\circ}C>75^{\circ}C>65^{\circ}C>5^{\circ}C$ 순서로 나타났다. 위의 결과로부터 피클 제조시 $95^{\circ}C{\sim}85^{\circ}C$ 온도의 절임액은 피클의 식감과 맛을 더 좋아지게 하였고, 기호도와 품질을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1982

Nitrate accumulated in vegetables can, via $NO_2$ during storage and after their ingestion, cause the formation of methemoglobin and many of which are carcinogenic in human body. Especially such vegetables with the highest consumption in Korea as chinese cabbage and raddish frequently showed that high contents of nitrate and nitrite could accumulate. Therefore, pH and the content of nitrate and nitrite of Korean pickles made of upper vegetables, viz, Baiechu Kimchi, Yulmookimchi and Kakdooki were estimated during storage at the conditions of $5^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C Storage at $25^{\circ}C$ generally led to the more rapidly than that at $5^{\circ}C$. But changes of nitrite level showed very low variation in all tested Kimchi.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1991

Recipe for Korean typical wild.vegetable preparations were developed and changes in pH, total acidity and ascorbic acid were measured during the storage period at 4~$5^{\circ}C$. Crude fiber and minerals were also analyzed and sensory evaluation was conducted. Changes in pH and total acidity were not significant in most of the samples and the results reveal that the vegetable preparations were in good conditions throughtout the storage period at 4~$5^{\circ}C$. The contents of ascorbic acid have been gradually reduced during the first 10-day storage showing 30~70% retention and continuous loss to 30~40% left on 20th-day. Crude fiber and mineral (Ca, p, Fe, K, Mg) contents were relatively higher in the wild-vegetables than in the everyday use vegetables. The results of the sensory evaluations revealed that the tested samples were in good scores (overall scores>6) except sancho-seed pickles.

• 기술사
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2011

The WHO/International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC) has classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans(Group 2B), based on an increased risk for glioma, a malignant type of brain cancer, associated with wireless phone use on 31, May 2011. It takes 10 years after announcing the electric magnetic as possibly carcinogenic to humans(Group 2B) and 14 years after starting research project. It is too late as mentioned, too weak in terms of the same class to 'pickles & coffee' and too little in terms of using words 'more studies required'. The guidelines on human exposure to electromagnetic fields have been developed to provide guidance to identify the safety of exposure to electromagnetic fields. On the recent recommendations of safety guidelines, there has been discussion on possible chronic effects of electromagnetic fields with much lower or no threshold. This paper riviews the global trends of safety guidelines and has suggested the new guidelines for protecting the human health, wildlife and insects.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.469-473
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• 2006

Film-forming yeasts generate an undesirable yeasty flavor in fermented vegetables such as kimchi in the presence of oxygen. Antimicrobial materials including garlic oil (GO), heated garlic (HG), and allyl alcohol (AA) were investigated for use as alternative natural food preservatives to inhibit the growth of film-forming yeasts in fermented vegetables. Using the fermentation of cucumber pickles as a model system, GO, HG, and AA were effective in preventing film formation at concentrations of 0.006, 3.0, and 0.02%, respectively. The effectiveness of HG in preventing the growth of a film yeast, Hansenula anomala, was not influenced by pH, while that of potassium sorbate, a typical anti-yeast food preservative, was highly dependent on pH. All tested materials were effective when added at the beginning of fermentation due to their negligible inhibitory activity toward lactic acid bacteria.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.758-764
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• 1995

어린이들이 좋아하는 기호성 김치를 개발하기 위한 기초작업으로 부산시내 공, 사립 국민학교 2, 4, 6학년에 재학중인 1,100명을 대상으로 김치 선호도에 대한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 조사대상 국민학생의 68%가 김치를 좋아한다고 응답하였으나 국민학생들이 좋아하는 반찬들(계란말이, 단무지, 김구이, 햄.소시지.미니돈까스, 콩나물무침, 호박나물, 장조림 등) 중에서의 김치의 선호도(17.6%)는 햄.소시지.미니돈가스(54.7%)에 이어 2위를 차지하였으나 그 선호 정도는 상당히 낮아 실제적인 선호도와는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 김치의 매운맛은 국민학생들이 김치를 가장 싫어하는 이유인 동시에 김치를 가장 좋아하는 이유로 나타나 김치의 특성을 대표하는 맛으로 생각되었다. 국민학생들이 선호하는 김치의 종류는 배추김치, 깍두기, 물김치, 총각김치, 오이김치 순이었다. 김치 담금 재료 중에서는 배추를 가장 좋아하고 생강, 마늘, 파, 젓갈 등 강한 냄새를 내는 것을 싫어하는 것으로 나타났다.