• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 1996

This study was conducted to select the acaricides selective to H. axyridis and examine the effects on phytophagous mites and natural enemies after application of selected acaricides in the apple orchard. All the acaricides tested were more toxic to T. urticae and P. ulmi than to H. axyridis, and also were more toxic to egg than to the larva and adult of H. myridis. Azocyclotin and fenpropathrin were the highest and lowest selective acaricides to H. axyridk, respectively. The density of phytophagous mites was high affected by frequency of acaricide application. Significant difference in the changes of the density of natural enemies was not be observed according to frequency of acaricide application and kinds of acaricide. Acaricide treatment showed high effect on the population densities of A. womersleyi and Oriur spp., while less effect on Chrysopa spp.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-35
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• 1970

The author collected 2 species of spider mites from persimmon and citrus trees in Taegu and Chun Chon during the summer of 1961 and 1969. Tenuipalpus japonicus collected from persimmon trees and Panonychus citri collected from citrus trees in and from trifoliate orange trees. In 1958 and 1961 Dr. E. S. Lee recorded four phytophagous species, i.e. Panonychus ulmi, Tetranychus pacificus, Tetranychus urticae and Bryobia praetiosa.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.197-201
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• 2003

These studies were carried out to investigate the amounts and preferences of Oligota kashmirica benefica to 3 species of phytophagous mites and cannibalism. The number of mites consumed by an adult beetle tended to increase as prey density and temperature go up. In the constant temperature of 25$^{\circ}C$, average number of consumed adult mites by an adult of O. kashmirica benefica to Panonychus citri, Tetranychus urticae and T. kanzawai were 21.9, 13.5, and 14.1 for a day, respectively. The number of mites consumed by larva of O, kashmirica benefica tended to increase as the larva grow up. First, 2nd and 3rd larva of the beetle consumed 2.8, 11.2 and 25.4 adult of citrus red mite (P. citri) for a day, respectively. Total number of mites consumed during larval stage (5 days, 25$^{\circ}C$) to P. citri, T. urticae and T. kanzawai were 77.7, 61.3 and 73.0, respectively. The larva and adult beetle did not prefer specific species in the P. citri, T. urticae and T. kanzawai, and when there was no diet, few incidents of cannibalism between different developmental stage were observed.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.37.1-37.5
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• 2020

Poultry red mites (PRMs), Dermanyssus gallinae, are one of the most harmful ectoparasites of laying hens. Because of their public health impact, safe, effective methods to eradicate PRMs are greatly needed. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) was shown to eradicate phytophagous mites; however, there is no evidence that PRMs can be eradicated by CO₂. Thus, the efficacy of CO₂, applied by direct-spraying and dry ice-generated exposure, for eradicating PRMs was investigated. Both treatments eradicated > 85% of PRMs within 24 h and 100% of PRMs by 120 h of post-treatment. Therefore, these novel approaches may be useful for eradicating PRMs in clinical settings.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.193-205
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• 2023

Botanical insecticides derived from plant extracts exhibit repellent, antifeedant and enzyme-inhibiting activities against insect pests. Among such pests, phytophagous mites are major threats to horticultural crops. Botanical extracts derived from neem, chrysanthemum, and shrubby sophora are employed as field acaricides. These botanical extracts have low toxicities against natural enemies of the insect pests and, thus, are valuable in pest management. This review focuses on the potential for botanical extracts in the controls of mites, with comparisons of the spectrum of activity, the lethal dose and times and their mode of action. This information will enable better formulation of botanical extracts in integrated mite control.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2021

Integrated mite management provided a basic direction to early the fruit tree IPM. The early IPM concept was based on incorporation of the biological control for mite pests with the existing chemical control compatibly. Since then, the hypotheses and mechanisms of the interaction between species diversity and pest population dynamics have provided a broader understanding of mite-centered pest management in fruit tree ecosystems. Based on the principle of the ecosystem, biological control and pest management through habitat modification or manipulation are developing to the concept of agro-ecological engineering. In particular, the natural enemy diversity is dynamically changed according to the different cultivation environment in the management of mite pests, and the species composition of phytophagous mites is also changed by the environment for orchard management. This paper reviews the biological control of mites, which was the basis of apple IPM, and also re-examines the topics of species diversity and pest management, predacious mite diversity in relation to mite control and the change of species composition of mite pests in the sight of ecological engineering. Finally, we suggest a strategy for biological control of spider mites in apple orchards in Korea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.256-265
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• 1995

The effect ground-cover weeds on the occurrence of apple pests and their natural enemies was studied in an apple orchard in Ahnsung, Kyung-gi do during seasons of 1993 and 1994. The major apple pests and their parasitoids and predators were surveyed on the apple tree canopy in tow experimental plots; a weed-free lot where all weeds were removed by herbicide treatment, and a mowed plot where weeds were allowed restrictly by cutting with an asickle. Also, a sweep net sampling was taken from ground-cover weeds in the mowed plot. There were no significant differences in the abundance of mite and aphids between two plots, although mite densities tend to be lower in the mowed plot. The apple leaf miner, Phyllonorycter ringoniella, was significantly fewer in the mowed plot,. The densities of natural enemies of mites and aphids were slightly higher in the mowed plot. The parasitism of apple leaf miner in the mowed plot was 6~10% and 20~25% higher than that in the weed-free plot in 1993 and 994, respectively. Several natural enemies such as Apanteles kuwayamai (Braconidae), Orius sauteri (Anthocoridae), Chrysopa sp. (Chrysopidae), coccinellidae, and Eulophidae were collected both from weeds and the apple trees, However, potential apple pests were not observed on weeds. The development of insect community on the apple tree canopy was restricted by the pesticide spray on apple trees, while the insect community on weeds was maintained without significant destruction by pesticides spray on apple trees. Consequentely, the ground-cover weeds under apple trees affected occurrences of apple pests and their natural enemies in apple trees. te specialist natural enemies such as apple leaf miner's parasitoids dispersed from weeds to the apple canopy and affected apple leaf miner density significantly. However, generalist predators that have preys available on weeds stayed on weeds, hence their control effects for mites and aphids on the apple canopy were low.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.123-158
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• 2009

An attempt was made to stimulate future research by providing exemplary information, which would integrate published knowledge to solve specific pest problem caused by resistance. This review was directed to find a way for delaying resistance development with consideration of chemical(s) nature, of mixture, rotation, or mosaics, and of insecticide(s) compatible with the biological agents in integrated pest management (IPM). The application frequency, related to the resistance development, was influenced by insecticide activity from potentiation, residual period, and the vulnerability to resistance development of chemical, with secondary pest. Chemical affected feeding, locomotion, flight, mating, and predator avoidance. Insecticides with negative cross-resistance by the difference of target sites and mode of action would be adapted to mixture, rotation and mosaic. Mixtures for delaying resistance depend on each component killing very high percentage of the insects, considering allele dominance, cross-resistance, and immigration and fitness disadvantage. Potential disadvantages associated with mixtures include disruption of biological control, resistance in secondary pests, selecting very resistant population, and extending cross-resistance range. The rotation would use insecticides in high and low doses, or with different metabolic mechanisms. Mosaic apply insecticides to the different sectors of a grid for highly mobile insects, spray unrelated insecticides to sedentary aphids in different areas, or mix plots of insecticide-treated and untreated rows. On the evolution of pest resistance, selectivity and resistance of parasitoids and predator decreased the number of generations in which pesticide treatment is required and they could be complementary to refuges from pesticides To enhance the viability of parasitoids, the terms on the insecticides selectivity and factors affecting to the selectivity in field were examined. For establishment of resistant parasitoid, migration, survivorship, refuge, alternative pesticides were considered. To use parasitoids under the pressure of pesticides, resistant or tolerant parasitoids were tested, collected, and/or selected. A parasitoid parasitized more successfully in the susceptible host than the resistant. Factors affecting to selective toxicity of predator are mixing mineral oil, application method, insecticide contaminated prey, trait of individual insecticide, sub-lethal doses, and the developmental stage of predators. To improve the predator/prey ratio in field, application time, method, and formulation of pesticide, reducing dose rate, using mulches and weeds, multicropping and managing of surroundings are suggested. Plant resistance, predator activity, selective insect growth regulator, and alternative prey positively contributed to the increase of the ratio. Using selective insecticides or insecticide resistant predator controlled its phytophagous prey mites, kept them below an economic level, increased yield, and reduced the spray number and fruits damaged.