• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2_spc호
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• pp.374-384
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• 2023

Skeletal muscle metabolism regulates homeostatic balance in animals. The metabolic impact persists even after farm animal skeletal muscle is converted to edible meat through postmortem rigor mortis and aging. Muscle metabolites resulting from animal growth and postmortem storage have a significant impact on meat quality, including flavor and color. Metabolomics studies of postmortem muscle aging have identified metabolisms that contain signatures inherent to muscle properties and the altered metabolites by physiological adaptation, with glycolysis as the pivotal metabolism in postmortem aging. Metabolomics has also played a role in mining relevant postmortem metabolisms and pathways, such as the citrate cycle and mitochondrial metabolism. This leads to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the generation of key compounds that are associated with meat quality. Genetic background, feeding strategy, and muscle type primarily determine skeletal muscle properties in live animals and affect post-mortem muscle metabolism. With comprehensive metabolite detection, metabolomics is also beneficial for exploring biomarker candidates that could be useful to monitor meat production and predict the quality traits. The present review focuses on advances in farm animal muscle metabolomics, especially postmortem muscle metabolism associated with genetic factors and muscle type.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.148-155
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• 2015

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 소아암 등의 난치병 환자들의 소원성취 프로그램에 대한 만족도가 질병 적응에 미치는 영향에서 레질리언스와 질병 스트레스가 갖는 매개효과를 파악하는데 목적이 있다. 방법: 한국메이크어위시재단에서 2010년부터 2014년까지 5년간 소원을 이루었던 1,597명의 환아 중 문장해독과 기억유지가 가능한 666명의 10대 이상에 해당하는 환아들에게 2015년 1월 2일에 모바일 설문지를 발송하였다. 그 결과 357명이 응답을 하였으나 성실하게 응답한 292명의 자료를 분석하였다. 결과: 소아 난치병 환아들이 소원성취 프로그램에 대해서 갖는 만족도는 레질리언스에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 레질리언스는 질병 스트레스에 부정적인 영향을 미치고 질병 적응에는 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 질병 스트레스는 질병 적응에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구결과를 볼 때 소아 난치병 환자를 위한 소원성취 프로그램에 대한 만족도는 레질리언스의 향상과 질병 스트레스의 감소를 통하여 궁극적으로 이들의 질병에 대한 적응력을 높이는 효과가 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 소아 난치병 환자들의 욕구와 특성을 면밀히 분석하여 소원성취 프로그램을 실행하고 만족도를 높이면 이들이 질병에 대해서 보다 적극적으로 대처할 수 있는 동시에 현재의 삶을 긍정적으로 영위할 수 있는 동기를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• Genes and Genomics
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.1169-1180
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• 2018

Cave shrimps from the genera Typhlatya, Stygiocaris and Typhlopatsa (TST complex) comprises twenty cave-adapted taxa, which mainly occur in the anchialine environment. Anchialine habitats may undergo drastic environmental fluctuations, including spatial and temporal changes in salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen content. Previous studies of crustaceans from anchialine caves suggest that they have possessed morphological, behavioral, and physiological adaptations to cope with the extreme conditions, similar to other cave-dwelling crustaceans. However, the genetic basis has not been thoroughly explored in crustaceans from anchialine habitats, which can experience hypoxic regimes. To test whether the TST shrimp-complex hypoxia adaptations matched adaptive evolution of mitochondrial OXPHOS genes. The 13 OXPHOS genes from mitochondrial genomes of 98 shrimps and 1 outgroup were examined. For each of these genes was investigated and compared to orthologous sequences using both gene (i.e. branch-site and Datamonkey) and protein (i.e. TreeSAAP) level approaches. Positive selection was detected in 11 of the 13 candidate genes, and the radical amino acid changes sites scattered throughout the entire TST complex phylogeny. Additionally, a series of parallel/convergent amino acid substitutions were identified in mitochondrial OXPHOS genes of TST complex shrimps, which reflect functional convergence or similar genetic mechanisms of cave adaptation. The extensive occurrence of positive selection is suggestive of their essential role in adaptation to hypoxic anchialine environment, and further implying that TST complex shrimps might have acquired a finely capacity for energy metabolism. These results provided some new insights into the genetic basis of anchialine hypoxia adaptation.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2024

Objective: Tibetan chickens, which have unique adaptations to extreme high-altitude environments, exhibit phenotypic and physiological characteristics that are distinct from those of lowland chickens. However, the mechanisms underlying hypoxic adaptation in the liver of chickens remain unknown. Methods: RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology was used to assess the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in hypoxia adaptation in highland chickens (native Tibetan chicken [HT]) and lowland chickens (Langshan chicken [LS], Beijing You chicken [BJ], Qingyuan Partridge chicken [QY], and Chahua chicken [CH]). Results: A total of 352 co-DEGs were specifically screened between HT and four native lowland chicken breeds. Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analyses indicated that these co-DEGs were widely involved in lipid metabolism processes, such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathway, fatty acid degradation, fatty acid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis. To further determine the relationship from the 352 co-DEGs, protein-protein interaction network was carried out and identified eight genes (ACSL1, CPT1A, ACOX1, PPARC1A, SCD, ACSBG2, ACACA, and FASN) as the potential regulating genes that are responsible for the altitude difference between the HT and other four lowland chicken breeds. Conclusion: This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating hypoxia adaptation via lipid metabolism in Tibetan chickens and other highland animals.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.237-247
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• 1996

This study was carried out to determine the effect of $-6^{\circ}$ head-down bedrest on the cardiovascular and hormonal responses to orthostasis and to evaluate the mechanism of orthostatic intolerance. Ten healthy young men were changed the body position from $-6^{\circ}$ head-down or supine bedrest for 2 hr to $70^{\circ}$ head-up tilt for 20 min. During the bedrest, there were no differences in hemodynamic and hormonal changes between the head-down and the supine positions. However, the tendency of decreased end-diastolic volume and increased cardiac contractility during the later period of 2 hr showed that the cardiovascular adaptation could be accelerated within a relatively short period in the head-down bedrest. During the head-up tilt, presyncopal signs were developed in five subjects of the supine bedrest, and one of the same subjects of the head-down bedrest. In the tolerant subjects, the increase in cardiac contractility and plasma epinephrine level during the bend-up tilt was greater following the head-down bedrest than that following the supine bedrest to compensate for reduced venous return. The intolerant subjects showed the greater decrease in end-diastolic and stroke volume, and the greater increase in heart rate during the head-up tilt than the tolerant subjects. Cardiac contractility and plasma epinephrine level were remarkably increased. However, arterial pressure was not maintained at the level for the appropriate compensation of the reduced venous return. It seems that the tolerance to orthostasis is more effective after the short-term head-down bedrest than after the supine bedrest, and the secretion of epinephrine induces the higher cardiac performance as a compensatory mechanism fur the reduced venous return during the orthostasis following the head-down bedrest than the supine bedrest.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2020

구강의 교합 재건의 관점에서 광범위한 치아 마모의 치료는 보철학적인 접근이 필요하다. 생리적인 치아의 마모는 정상적인 과정으로 간주되어 일반적으로 치료가 필요하지 않으나 과도한 치아의 마모는 부적절하고 불안정한 교합상태, 심미성의 감소, 저작 기능의 저하 등의 문제를 발생시켜 보철적인 수복을 필요로 한다. 마모된 치아의 전악 구강 회복 시 수직 교합 고경의 변화는 정확한 진단 및 분석을 통하여 이루어져야 하고 변화된 수직 교합 고경에 대한 환자의 적응 여부를 일정기간 평가하여야 한다. 본 증례는 60세 남성 환자로 전체적인 치아의 심한 마모로 인해 저작 기능과 심미성의 감소를 주소로 내원하였으며 수직 교합 고경의 증가를 동반한 치아 지지 고정성 보철물로 전악 구강 수복을 시행하였다. 증가된 수직 교합 고경의 적응 여부를 평가하고 안정된 하악위를 유도하기 위해 교합안정장치를 사용하였고, 임시 보철물을 사용하여 증가된 수직 교합 고경과 교합상태에 대한 적응을 평가하였다. 이후 단일구조 지르코니아 보철물을 제작하여 최종 접착하였고, 만족스러운 기능의 회복과 심미성을 보였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2010

Growth hormone (GH) is known as one of the main osmoregulators in euryhaline teleosts during seawater (SW) adaptation. Many of the physiological actions of GH are mediated through insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and the GH/IGF-I axis is associated with osmoregulation of fish during SW acclimation. However, little information is available on the response of fish IGF-II to hyperosmotic stress. Here we present the first cloned IGF-I and IGF-II cDNAs of marine medaka, Oryzias dancena, and an analysis of the molecular characteristics of the genes. The marine medaka IGF-I cDNA is 1,340 bp long with a 257-bp 5' untranslated region (UTR), a 528 bp 3' UTR, and a 555-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a propeptide of 184 amino acid (aa) residues. The full-length marine medaka IGF-II cDNA consists of a 639 bp ORF encoding 212 aa, a 109 bp 5' UTR, and a 416 bp 3' UTR. Homology comparison of the deduced aa sequences with other IGF-Is and IGF-IIs showed that these genes in marine medaka shared high structural homology with orthologs from other teleost as well as mammalian species, suggesting high conservation of IGFs throughout vertebrates. The IGF-I mRNA level increased following transfer of marine medaka from freshwater (FW) to SW, and the expression level was higher than that of the control group, which was maintained in FW. This significantly elevated IGF-I level was maintained throughout the experiment (14 days), suggesting that in marine medaka, IGF-I is deeply involved in the adaptation to abrupt salinity change. In contrast to IGF-I, the increased level of marine medaka IGF-II mRNA was only maintained for a short period, and quickly returned a level similar to that of the control group, suggesting that marine medaka IGF-II might be a gene that responds to acute stress or one that produces a supplemental protein to assist with the osmoregulatory function of IGF-I during an early phase of salinity change.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.625-636
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• 2011

Cold-adapted bacteria survive in extremely cold temperature conditions and exhibit various mechanisms of adaptation to sustain their regular metabolic functions. These adaptations include several physiological and metabolic changes that assist growth in a myriad of ways. Successfully sensing of the drop in temperature in these bacteria is followed by responses which include changes in the outer cell membrane to changes in the central nucleoid of the cell. Their survival is facilitated through many ways such as synthesis of cryoprotectants, cold acclimation proteins, cold shock proteins, RNA degradosomes, Antifreeze proteins and ice nucleators. Agricultural productivity in cereals and legumes under low temperature is influenced by several cold adopted bacteria including Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Burkholderia, Exiguobacterium, Pantoea, Rahnella, Rhodococcus and Serratia. They use plant growth promotion mechanisms including production of IAA, HCN, and ACC deaminase, phosphate solublization and biocontrol against plant pathogens such as Alternaria, Fusarium, Sclerotium, Rhizoctonia and Pythium.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2020

Patients diagnosed with cancer face mental problems such as alienation, isolation, anxiety about death and fear, recovering from psychological difficulties. In this study, a forest healing program was provided for cancer patients to recover from psychological stress, depression, social isolation and self-esteem caused by cancer and changes in salivary cortisol through psychological and emotional recovery were measured. From September 19 to November 28, 2017, a forest healing program composed of a total of 10 sessions, two hours per session was provided for 12 cancer patients in the Forest of Taegyo located in Yongin. Psychological tests were performed with Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale (SASS), Korean-version Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the collected data were analyzed with the SPSS 18.0. The salivary cortisol level was measured along with the psychological tests and were analyzed by a specialized testing agency. The results of the analysis showed that the pre- and post-assessment score of SASS was 29.17 and 25.92, respectively, and that the pre- and post-assessment score of PSS was 30.50 and 23.92, respectively. The pre- and post-assessment score of BDI was 41.00 and 34.83, respectively, which showed significant differences. In addition, the pre- and post-assessment level of saliva cortisol was 3.13 and 1.68, respectively, showing a significant decrease. In short, the forest healing program was found to be effective in reducing physiological changes caused by social isolation and stress due to the emotional and psychological difficulties that the subjects who were diagnosed with cancer and were recovering from it have. In the future, it will be necessary to develop and implement a forest healing program by conducting a forest healing requirement survey on cancer patients.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.324-332
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• 2018

곤충은 변온동물로 육지생태계에서 주로 서식하면서, 식물의 생체량 조절, 종다양성 유지에 중요한 역할을 한다. 주변온도는 변온동물인 곤충의 생리적 반응속도, 뿐만 아니라 생존과 분포를 결정하며, 기후변화에 영향을 준다. 본 연구는 높은 온도에서 곤충의 적응성에 관련있는 유전자를 전사체를 이용하여 동정하였다. 고온에서 사육된 배추좀나방 유충의 지방체로부터 차세대 염기서열 분석법을 이용하여 전사체를 확보하였다. 대사중심인 지방체에서 구조단백질, 열충격단백질, 항산화단백질, 해독효소 들이 동정되었다. 이들 중에서 표피단백질(표피단백질, 키틴합성효소, 엑틴, 카이틴 합성), 스트레스관련단백질(시토크롬 P450), 열충격단백질, 한산화단백질은 발현이 증가되었으나, glutathione S transferase 발현은 오히려 감소되었다. 이상의 결과는 기후변화의 주요인인 온난화에 대한 해충의 생리적 대응과 온도적응을 이해하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제시한다.