• 생태와환경
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.42-57
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• 2011

We described the above-ground plant species composition and measured a range of soil physico-chemical properties and the composition and size of the soil seed bank in the remnant natural vegetations on the flood plains of the Han River within Seoul, South Korea. We used analysis of variance and multivariate analyses to analyse the data and S${\o}$rensen's similarity index to compare the composition of the vegetation and seed banks. The soils were circum-neutral and composed of mainly sand and silt fractions with a very limited clay component; a gradient based on sand/clay proportions was identified. The soil seed banks varied markedly between- and within-sites and had much greater species diversity than the above-ground vegetation. Two of the major dominants in the vegetation (Miscanthus saccariflorus and Phragmites australis) were found at very low densities in the seed bank. The site differences appeared to be correlated with the sand-clay gradient, suggesting that the soil properties differentially affected seed inputs into the soil, or that the processes than controlled sediment deposition during floods was also important in differentially affecting seed deposition. Lastly, there was relatively little similarity between the vegetation, dominated mainly by perennials, and the seed bank which contained a relatively large proportion of annuals and biennials. This result suggests that after disturbance caused by flooding there is the potential for many other species to colonize. This may impinge on the regeneration potential of the sites and cause concern for the future conservation of these important remnants of natural vegetation.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify characteristics of domestic pine forest soils and to elucidate major soil influencing factors for natural regeneration. We analyzed the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil samples collected from 23 pine forests and confirmed the similar results with the forest soil characteristics. Soil pH, organic matter content, total nitrogen, exchangeable Ca, silt content, and exchangeable Al were selected as the major soil factors among the exposed soils through 10 days of pine seedlings exposure and cultivation experiments and statistical analysis. Multiple regression analysis showed that soil pH had a positive effect on specific root length (SRL) of red pine seedlings and exchangeable Al was a significant factor affecting negative change in SRL. Taken together, the reduction of exchangeable Al by soil pH adjustment would be helpful for natural regeneration by restoring the forest and improving the fine root and root integrity of pine seedlings. Therefore, soil pH and exchangeable Al could be recommended as a major soil factor to be carefully considered in the monitoring and management of soil in pine forests that need to be renewed in the future.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.451-454
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• 2004

The study aims to assess the quality of bank filtrate in relation to streamflow and physico-chemical properties of the stream. Turbidity, pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) of Nakdong River and riverbank filtrate were statistically analyzed. The physico-chemical properties of riverbank filtrate were measured from irregularly different seven pumping wells every day. Autocorrelation analyses were conducted to the qualities of stream water and bank filtrated water. Temperature, pH and DO of streamflow shows strong linearity and long memory effect, indicating the effect of seasonal air temperature and rainy season. Temperature of riverbank filtrate shows weak linearity and weak memory, indicating differently from the trend of stream temperature. Turbidity of steramflow shows strong linearity and long memory effect, while turbidity of riverbank filtrate indicates weak linearity and weak memory. Cross-correlation analysis shows low relation between turbidity, pH, temperature and DO of riverbank filtrate and those of streamflow. Turbidity of streamflow was largely affected by the streamflow rate, showing a similar trend with autocorrelation function of streamflow rate. The turbidity of riverbank filtrate has a lag time of 25 hours. This indicates that turbidity of streamflow in a dry season has very low effect on the turbidity of riverbank filtrate, and a high turbidity of the stream in a rainy season has a fairly low effect on the turbidity of riverbank filtrate.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.235-250
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• 2020

작물 재배 방법이 토양의 미생물 군집 특성과 화학성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 이를 위해서 다섯 곳의 고추 관행 재배지와 다섯 곳의 유기농 재배지 토양을 채취한 후, 16S rRNA 유전자 기반의 파이로시퀀싱 기법으로 미생물 군집을 조사하였다. 분석 결과 총 22개의 세균 문으로 구성되었으며 Proteobacteria 문(33.0 ± 5.7%), Actinobacteria 문(19.9 ± 9.7%) 및 Firmicutes 문(13.6 ± 5.0%)이 우점하였고, 이들은 전체 상대풍부도의 66%를 차지하였다. 고추 관행 재배지와 유기농 재배지의 미생물 군집 분포를 비교했을 때 전반적으로 서로 다른 군집 특성을 나타내었다. 또한 관행 재배 토양에서는 Actinobacteria 문과 Chloroflexi 문이 상대적으로 풍부하였고, 유기 재배 토양에서는 Proteobacteria 문과 Firimicutes 문이 상대적으로 풍부하였다. 특히 Streptomyces 속과 Bacillus 속의 상대풍부도는 관행 재배 토양과 유기 재배 토양 간에 상당한 차이를 보였다. 또한 토양 화학 성에 의하여 세균 군집 변화가 관찰되었는데, Proteobacteria 문의 Rhizobiales 목과 Actinobacteria 문의 Streptomyces 속은 pH에 의해 세균 군집이 바뀌었고, Firimicutes 문의 Bacillus 속은 유기물 함량에 의해 군집 분포가 바뀌었다. 본 연구결과는 재배관리에 따른 토양의 물리-화학성의 변화가 미생물 군집 분포에 뚜렷하게 관련(p<0.05)되어 있다는 것을 보여주었다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2023

본 연구는 느타리버섯 수확후배지를 이용하여 바이오차를 제조하고 바이오차 시용이 토양 이화학성과 작물생육에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 연구에 사용한 바이오차는 TLUD 연소생산시스템 사용하여 450~600℃에서 제조하고 바이오차의 성분을 조사하였다. 사용한 바이오차는 원소분석결과 C 76.2%, H 2.5%, N 3.2%로 H/C 비율이 0.39로 국제적인 바이오차의 분해 안전성 인증기준(IBI)인 0.7 이하로 나타났으며 pH는 10.1, P₂O₅ 1.0%, K₂O 1.8%, CaO 2.5%로 나타났다. 느타리버섯 수확후배지 바이오차를 시용량별로 처리하여 배추, 대파 포장시험 결과 바이오차를 시용하지않은 시험구와 비교하여 바이오차 시용으로 토양의 유기물(OM), 전질소(T-N), 전탄소(T-C), K 함량이 증가하고 치환성양이온교환용량(CEC)이 증가하였다. 또한 토양 물리성에 대한 영향을 조사한 결과 바이오차 시용으로 토양의 용적밀도가 낮아지고 공극률이 높아져 토양 물리성이 개선되는 효과가 나타났다. 바이오차 200 kg/10a 시용시 배추와 대파 생육이 양호하고 최대수량을 나타내었으나 통계적인 차이는 없었다. 바이오차 시용량이 증가할수록 토양 탄소함량이 증가하고 이에 따라 토양 탄소격리량도 증가하였다. 느타리버섯 수확후배지 바이오차를 토양개량제로 활용하면 토양의 이화학성 개선에 효과가 있어 친환경 농가에서 토양개량제로 활용도가 높을것으로 생각되며 농업 부산물의 유기자원화를 통한 버섯 수확후배지의 소비처 확대에도 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.64-70
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• 1997

Sludge is generated in the process of water and wastewater treatment, and it has been causing various problems environmentally and economically. The firing technology in pottery industry was applied to the sludge treatment, and the final product was called artificial soil. For the production of artificial soil, lime and chabazite was used as additive, and the mixed material was thermally treated in the firing kiln at $300^{\circ}$ temperature for about 15 minutes. The physico-chemical characteristics of the artificial soil was analyzed and it showed that the artificial soil could be used as a soil conditioner for farmland. The concentrations of the toxic heavy metals in the artificial soil were lower than those in the soil quality standard for farmland. It was high in permeability, total nitrogen and total phosphorous concentrations and surface area of the artificial soil compared to the common field soil. Preliminary cost analysis showed that the sludge treatment cost for artificial soil was less than the disposal cost in the current landfill disposal method. This study illustrated that the artificial soil production process can be a feasible alternative for sludge treatment, and produced artificial soil may he applied to farmland without causing significant adverse effect. Further study is recommended for practical application of the system and verification of the longterm effect of the artificial soil on farmland.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.242-246
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• 2011

Organic kiwifruit orchard soils were compared with conventional ones in Korea. Soil structure of organic soil had higher gaseous and liquous phase as well as soil porosity in the surface soil. Although the nutritional level of each orchards were quite different among soils, the analysis of both system revealed that organic kiwifruit orchard soil had similar or even higher nutrient level (N and organic matter content in surface soil) compared to conventional ones. The organic matter content of deep soil also had the high tendency in deep soil of organic soil. Higher level of nitrogen in organic surface soil is presumably due to the excessive application of organic compost and liquid fertilizer rather than the contribution by grasses such as green manure. Available phosphorous level of organic system was quite high but similar in surface soil of both system, compared to the recommended level. Potassium, calcium and magnesium levels were also enough in organic kiwifruit orchard soils.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2017

There is an increasing concern over arsenic (As) contamination in rice. This study was conducted to develope a prediction model for As uptake by rice based on the physico-chemical properties of soil. Soil and brown rice samples were collected from 46 sites in paddy fields near three different areas of closed mines and industrial complexes. Total As concentration, soil pH, Al oxide, available phosphorus (avail-P), organic matter (OM) content, and clay content in the soil samples were determined. Also, 1.0 N HCl, 1.0 M $NH_4NO_3$, 0.01 M $Ca(NO_3)_2$, and Mehlich 3 extractable-As in the soils were measured as phytoavailable As concentration in soil. Total As concentration in brown rice samples was also determined. Relationships among As concentrations in brown rice, total As concentrations in soils, and selected soil properties were as follows: As concentration in brown rice was negatively correlated with soil pH value, where as it was positively correlated with Al oxide concentration, avail-P concentration, and OM content in soil. In addition, the concentration of As in brown rice was statistically correlated only with 1.0 N HCl-extractable As in soil. Also, using multiple stepwise regression analysis, a modelling equation was created to predict As concentration in brown rice as affected by selected soil properties including soil As concentration. Prediction of As uptake by rice was delineated by the model [As in brown rice = 0.352 + $0.00109^*$ HCl extractable As in soil + $0.00002^*$ Al oxide + $0.0097^*$ OM + $0.00061^*$ avail-P - $0.0332^*$ soil pH] ($R=0.714^{***}$). The concentrations of As in brown rice estimated by the modelling equation were statistically acceptable because normalized mean error (NME) and normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) values were -0.055 and 0.2229, respectively, when compared with measured As concentration in the plant.

• 분석과학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2003

본 이화학적 특성이 다른 토양 중 PCBs 분석에 대해 연구하기 위해, 세 종류의 우리나라 토양을 선정하여 용매별 (톨루엔, 아세톤:헥산, 디클로로메탄) 추출효율을 조사하였다. 또한, 실리카겔, 플로리실 및 알루미나 정제 컬럼을 이용한 용출패턴 특성을 조사하였으며, 현재 이용되고 있는 미국, 일본 및 우리나라 PCBs 시험방법을 우리나라 토양에 적용하여 분석결과를 비교하였다. 토양 중 62종의 PCBs 용매별 추출효율은, 톨루엔의 경우 토양 A, 토양 B 및 토양 C에 대하여 평균회수율은 각각 77.94%, 53.65% 및 44.52%로 나타났다. 아세톤:헥산 (1:1)의 경우에는 토양에 따라 각각 58.59%, 80.32% 및 60.35%로 나타났으며, 디클로로메탄의 경우에는 각각 54.20%, 68.27% 및 56.36%로 나타났다. PCBs 분석을 위한 정제컬럼별 용출효율은, 실리카겔의 경우 1Cl에서 10Cl의 평균회수율이 89.67% (1Cl)~44.85% (8Cl)로 나타났으며, 플로리실의 경우 1Cl에서 10Cl의 평균 회수율은 67.00% (8Cl)~98.26% (10Cl)로 나타났다. 또한, 알루미나의 경우 알루미나 I은 1Cl에서 10Cl의 평균 회수율은 63.01% (9Cl)~88.17% (1Cl)로 나타났으며, 알루미나 II는 1Cl에서 10Cl의 평균 회수율은 61.40% (7Cl)~80.78% (1Cl)로 나타났다. 미국, 일본 및 본 연구의 시험방법을 비교한 결과, 토양 A에 대한 62종의 PCBs의 평균회수율은 각각 37.15%, 45.92% 및 44.46%로 나타났으나, 시험방법에 따라 개별 피이크의 회수율은 비교적 큰 차이를 보이고 있다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2021

A plant community is a group of populations that coexist in space and interact directly or indirectly with the environment. In this paper, we determined the pattern of tree species composition in response to soil variables in Khadimnagar National Park (KNP), which is one of the least studied tropical forests in Bangladesh. Soil and vegetation data were collected from 71 sample plots. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) with associated Monte Carlo permutation tests (499 permutations) was carried out to determine the most significant soil variable and to explore the relationship between tree species distribution and soil variables. Soil pH and clay content (pH with p<0.01 and Clay content with p<0.05) were the most significant variables that influence the overall tree species distribution in KNP. Soil pH is related to the distribution and abundance of Syzygium grande and Magnolia champaca, which were mostly found and dominant species in KNP. Some species were correlated with clay content such as Artocarpus chaplasha and Cassia siamea. These observations suggest that both the physico-chemical properties of soil play a major role in shaping the tree distribution in KNP. Hence, these soil properties should take into account for any tree conservation strategy in this forest.