• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.538-542
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• 2004

Comminuted sausages with reduced fat (25-0%) and increased moisture (19-44%) combinations were manufactured, and their chemical composition, and physico-chemical, textural and sensory properties were determined for the selection of the most palatable sausage treatment. The moisture and fat contents of the comminuted sausages varied from 55-79% and 26.4-2.14%, respectively, whereas, the protein content was relatively constant at 13.5-14.5%. Expressible moisture (EM, %) decreased with increased fat addition, and the high-fat control sausage (~25% fat) had lower EM than those with lower than 15% fat addition. Increased fat level also increased Hunter L values (lightness) of sausage samples taken from the core, and differences in lightness were observed between 15 and 25% fat level at the initial mixture. Sausages without fat addition had different textural characteristics from high-fat control sausages in most texture profile analysis (TPA) values. However, no differences in TPA values were observed among treatments with added fat (<25%) in the formulation. Results of the sensory evaluation showed that the most appropriate fat content of comminuted sausages to have better sensory properties ranged from 15-20% of added fat at the initial mixture. These results also indicated that decreased fat and increased moisture contents produce sausages with higher EM and lower lightness. Comminuted sausages without fat addition had different textural characteristics from the high-fat control.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.86-93
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• 2005

Because generally large amount of sludges are generated from the process of sewage and wastewater treatment, the management and controlment of those sludge has become a important issue in many researches. In this dissertation, we conducted the research to see the physico-chemical characteristics of sludges generated from various sources. Moisture of sludges were 81.5% in textile industries, 81.4% in frame metal industries, 80.7% in 1st metal industries. Volatile solid were 22.1% in hide · rubber industries, 21.9% in coke · petroleum industries. Fixed solid were 18.5% and 17.7% in the 1st metal industries and frame metal industries. High heating value by wet base were 1,850 kcal/kg in coke · petroleum industries, 1,220 kcal/kg in hide · rubber industries, but sludges from the 1st metal industries and frame metal industries were impossible to incinerate because most of those sludges were inorganic. The leaching test showed that hazardous materials was detected in nearly every kinds of sludges. Some of sludges from hide · rubber industries and frame metal industries exceeded the leaching criteria and so they were classified as specific wastes. And other sludges generated in sewage treatment plants or other industries was below the leaching criteria.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.92-96
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• 2009

Comparisons of the physico-chemical characteristics between white Atlantic potatoes and violet Bora Valley potatoes were performed. According to the results, Bora Valley had 7% higher moisture content than Atlantic, but there were no differences in crude fat and crude ash contents. Bora Valley, however, had about 3% less crude protein content than Atlantic. In a vitamin C analysis by HPLC, the Atlantic and Bora Valley potatoes contained 14% and 39% vitamin C, respectively, indicating that Bora Valley contained about twice as much of the vitamin as Atlantic. In a vitamin C analysis by HPLC, the Atlantic and Bora Valley potatoes contained 14% and 39% vitamin C, respectively, The dietary fiber content of Bora Valley was 3.12 g per 100 g higher than that of the Atlantic variety. While Atlantic contained neither glucose nor fructose, both sugars were measured in the Bora Valley potatoes, and there was no difference in sucrose content between the cultivar.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 2009

In this study, the physico-chemical characteristics of municipal solid waste (MWS) which was treated in gangwon area were investigated. It is necessary to measure the characteristics of municipal solid waste for build a waste treatment and RDF facility and for data-base and total managing of the landfill. It was found that the average density of solid wastes is in the range of $101.8{\sim}199.8kg/m^3$. This MSW was composed of 30.7% of food wastes, 36.3% of papers, 15.8% of plastics & vinyls, 1.9% of textiles, 3.2% of wood and 1.5% of rubber & leathers respectively. Most of MSW are composed of food, paper and plastic waste and the combustible waste is more than 90%. For three components, moisture is 44.6%, combustible component is 47.7% and ash is 7.7% respectively. The chemical elements are carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen on the dry basis of wastes. The low heating value of the MSW measured by calorimeter was obtained as 2,631 kcal/kg, and the high heating value of the MSW was obtained as 3,310 kcal/kg.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.118-136
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• 2010

Photochemical characteristics of ozone ($O_3$) and its precursors such as $O_3$ budget and $O_3-NO_x$-VOC sensitivity were analyzed in different physico-chemical properties of air masses around the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) using aircraft observations during March 2006. The physico-chemical properties of air masses were categorized into 5 groups: boundary layer (BL), biomass burning (BB), free tropospheric continent (FTCO) and marine (FTMA), and Tula industrial complex (TIC). Results from the $O_3$ budget analysis indicated that $O_3$ production for BL, FTCO, and FTMA (for BB and TIC) was mainly controlled by a photochemical production pathway, a reaction of NO with $HO_2$ (with $RO_2$), while the main pathway of photochemical $O_3$ destruction for BL, FTCO, and FTMA (for BB and TIC) was a reaction of $HO_2$ with $O_3$ (of $H_2$ with $O^1$(D)). In addition, most of air mass categories (especially FTCO) were estimated to be $NO_x$-sensitive for $O_3$ production with lower $NO_y$, higher ratios of the other indicator species (e.g., $O_3/(NO_y-NO_x$), $H_2O_2/HNO_3$, etc.), and the lower removal rate of radicals ($\leq$0.5) by the reaction of OH with $NO_2$ than those of the VOC-sensitive condition.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2012

In this study, rheological properties of kaolinite and three different porcelain fluid muds are quantitatively estimated with the latest rheometer, in which variations of their viscosities and yield stresses with their densities are estimated. This study also involves the measurements for the basic physico-chemical properties of fluid muds and the qualitative analysis of their correlation between physico-chemical and rheological properties. Experimental results of rheological tests show that fluid muds in general belong to Pseudo-plastic fluids and both viscosities and yield stresses of them increase exponentially with the increase of density while they are remarkably different in quantity depending on sediments.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.65-74
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• 2008

In this study, the composition and physico-chemical characteristics of municipal solid waste (MWS) which was treated in four different area were investigated. It is necessary to measure the characteristics of MSW to build a waste treatment and Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) facility, the data-base and total managing of the landfill. It was found that the average density of solid wastes is in the range of $78.15-199.8kg/m^3$. This MSW was composed of 8.87% of food wastes, 38.8% of papers, 34.12% of plastics & vinyls, 7.16% of textiles, 0.96% of wood, 1.3% of rubber & leathers and others, respectively. Most of MSW are composed of food, paper and plastic waste and more than 94% was combustible waste. For three components, moisture is 17.38%, combustible component is 69.03% and ash is 6.24%. The chemical element has the high order of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen on the dry basis of wastes. And the low heating value of the MSW which is measured by calorimeter is calculated as 2973.8 kcal/kg and high heating value of the MSW is calculated as 5209.94 kcal/kg.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.819-825
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• 2000

The physico-chemical characteristics and the combustion activities of a waste automotive catalyst were carried out in this study. The physico-chemical characteristics of waste automotive catalyst was examined by EA(Elemental analysis), ICP-AES (Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometer), and XRD(X-ray diffraction) analysis. Carbon deposit amount was higher in front brick than rear brick of catalyst, and increased with mileage. The content of Pt. Pd and Rh in waste automotive catalyst was different from the car manufacturing company. The combustion activities of waste automotive catalyst were investigated for acetaldehyde as a model VOC in a fixed bed reactor at atmospheric pressure. The catalytic activity of rear brick for acetaldehyde combustion was better than front brick of waste automotive catalyst. The catalytic activity of waste automotive catalyst for acetaldehyde combustion decreased with mileage. The linear relationship between catalytic activity and mileage was negative and has a very excellent correlation. Finally, the waste automotive catalyst has a good catalytic activity for acetaldehyde combustion. and can be used to control of small emission source.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 1989

In order for analysis of the actual condition of commercial life water, 38 samples were investigated during March to December in 1988. The results were as follows 1. All the samples analyzed were suitable for physico chemical criteria drinking water. The mean value of NH$_{3}$-N, NO$_{3}$-N, and KMnO$_{4}$ ,consumption were 0.014, 1.232 and 0.794 respectively. 2. General bacterial counts was detected higher than standard limit by 31.6% of total samples and the positive rate of coliform was 2.6% of total samples.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2011

A new high performance liquid chromatograpgy (HPLC) stationary phase that possesses an internal carbonyl functional group is synthesized by heterogeneous "graft from" method. This new stationary phase, poly (vinyl octadecanoate) grafted silica (Sil-2) is then characterized by different physico-chemical methods such as diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform, suspension state $^1H$ NMR, solid state $^{13}C$ CP/MAS NMR, $^{29}Si$ CP/MAS NMR, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Chromatographic properties of Sil-2 were evaluated under reversed phase condition by separating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and comparing the chromatographic results with those on polymeric as well as monomeric octadecylated silica stationary phases.