• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.104 no.1
• /
• pp.84-89
• /
• 2015

The effects of dip treatments of chemicals (ascorbic acid, citric acid, calcium chloride: 1% solution) and physicals (vacuum packing, $50^{\circ}C$ distilled water) on the browning and quality of 'Daebo' peeled chestnut were studied. During the storage, the surface color of the samples showed higher ${\Delta}E$ values and lower L values than that of the initial sample. The color with the normal packing treatment hardly changed, unlike in the chemical and physical treatments. The calcium chloride treatment showed less color change than other treatments. The marketable quality was maintained for 10 days with the normal packing and for 35 days with the chemical and physical treatments. Thus, the chemical and physical treatments, especially with vacuum packing after 1% calcium chloride treatment, extended the shelf-life of the 'Daebo' peeled chestnut by inhibiting the browning.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.193-199
• /
• 1986

To investigate the stability of ginseng saponin, various physical and chemical treatments for red ginseng alcohol extract (70% ethyl alcohol) were carried out, and then the variations of ginseng saponin in extract were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Irradiation of ${\gamma}$-ray, and ultraviolet ray, sonocatalysis by ultrasonicator, treatment of electronic range, catalytic ozonation did not or slightly affect degradation of ginseng saponins, but they were degraded by heat treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.185-193
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the neurophysiological mechanisms, assessment of muscle spasm and treatments that could apply to clinical field. Spasm is a painful pattern of contraction of muscle caused by chronic or acute trauma, excessive tension, or organic disorders. Aside from pain, muscle spasm creates shortenning of muscles and limits motion. Untreated spasm and protective immobility due to pain lead to decreased local blood flow in the muscles and result in a vicious cycle of muscle spasm and paul. The assessment of muscle spasm involve muscle tone assessment, tissue compliance, and joint ROM. Each of these aessessments utilize as a part of the patient's condition Clinical managements involve drug management and physical therapy. Expecially, physical therapy is one of the most important techniques to reduce muscle spasm. Physical therapy includes applying heat and cold, electrical stimulation, massage, and traction. This investigation should entourage phisical therapists to experiment further with various techniques to reduce muscle spasm.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.777-784
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnosis and treatment patterns for frozen shoulder patients. It was used Delphi survey techniques and the subjects were 35 expect physical therapists who agreed participated in the study. The data were analyzed by the x2-test at 0.05 level of statistical significance. The results were as follows : 1. In accordance with open ended question, 11 diagnosis and 14 treatment are collected in the first investigation. 2. In accordance with close ended question, they were selected 5 diagnosis and 5 treatments criteria from the results of the first replied questionnaire. 3. Finally, the third close ended questionnaire, they were selected 3 main driteria of the diagnosis and treatments from the results of the second investigation. The physical therapists prefer to 1) History 2) ROM test 3) Palpation & Inspection in the diagnostic field, and 1) EST and Convex-Concave rule 2) Codman's exercise and MFR 3) Deep friction massage in the treatment field.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.297-307
• /
• 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze kinetic variables between thermotherapy and dynamic warm-up during drop-landing. Method: Twenty male healthy subjects (Age: 21.85 ± 1.90 years, Height: 1.81 ± 0.06 cm, Weight: 68.5 ± 7.06 kg) underwent three treatments applied on the thermotherapy of femoral muscles and a dynamic warm-up. The thermotherapy was performed for 15 minutes while sitting in a chair using an electric heating pad equipped with a temperature control device. Dynamic warm-up performed 14 exercise, a non-treatment was sitting in a chair for 15 minutes. Core temperature measurements of all subjects were performed before landing at a height of 50 cm. During drop-landing, core temperature, joint angle, moment, work of the sagittal plane was collected and analyzed. All analyses were performed with SPSS 21.0 and for repeated measured ANOVA and Post-hoc was Bonferroni. Results: Results indicated that Thermotherapy was increased temperature than other treatments (p = .000). During drop-landing, hip joint of dynamic warm-up was slower for angular velocity (p < .005), and left ankle joint was fastest than other treatments (p = .004). Maximum joint moment of dynamic warm-up was smaller for three joints (hip extension: p = .000; knee flexion/extension: p = .001/.000; ankle plantarflexion: p = .000). Negative work of dynamic warm-up was smaller than other treatments (p = .000). Conclusion: In conclusion, the thermotherapy in the local area doesn't affect the eccentric contraction of the thigh. The dynamic warm-up treatment minimized the joint moment and negative work of the lower joint during an eccentric contraction, it was confirmed that more active movement was performed than other treatment methods.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.27
• /
• pp.18-28
• /
• 1984

In order to improve feed values of Korean agricultural by-products, various treatments including physical, chemical, physicochemical and fermentation were suggested in th is review article. Physical treatments such as chopping, grinding and pelleting reduce partiole size of agricultural by-products, and increase passage rate from the rumen, thus may increase voluntary feed intake and weight gain. Digestibility and voluntary feed intake of straw, rice hull and sawdust, also, may be increased by chemical treatment using sodium hydroxide or ammonia. Especially, because nitrogen content of by-products increase and toxic problem is not posed by ammonia treatment, it's practical usage is recommended in Korea. Silage or fermentation treatment using principles of microbial fermentation may improve palatability of low quality by-products. As mentioned above, it is concluded that various treatments suggested are desirable and improve feed value but may raise several problems. Unfortunately, because cost for installation and products is great and processing work is complicate, farmers are not using well these processing methods until now. Therefore, in order to increase the practical usage at farm level, it is thought that many research works be achieved for efficient process which have simple operation and low installation cost.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 2013

Objective: This research was performed to investigate the efficacy of complex rehabilitation combined with pharmacopuncture treatment for the children with neuromotor system diseases. Methods: Fifty (50) patients aged from 5 to 15 yr old were compared. Twenty (20) patients received conventional treatments and complex rehabilitation as a control group, and fifty (50) patients received complex rehabilitation with pharmacopuncture. At their first visits, the patients had checkups and neurological scales, and after 10 days of pharmacopuncture treatments and 55 days of rehabilitation, they also took neurological scales. We studied the pre and post effects of the treatment group. Results: The number of patients with ankle joint disorder and contracture, knee joint contracture, steppage, horsey hoof, shoulder weakness and contracture, radio-carpal joint disorder and contracture, arm hypotrophia, arm atrophia, leg hypotrophia and total atrophia decreased after treatments. Conclusion: This study showed the efficacy of pharmacopuncture combined with complex rehabilitation for the treatment of neuromotor system diseases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.680-692
• /
• 2010

This paper gives an overview of the availability, nutritive quality, and possible strategies to improve the utilization of rice straw as a feed ingredient for ruminants. Approximately 80% of the rice in the world is grown by small-scale farmers in developing countries, including South East Asia. The large amount of rice straw as a by-product of the rice production is mainly used as a source of feed for ruminant livestock. Rice straw is rich in polysaccharides and has a high lignin and silica content, limiting voluntary intake and reducing degradability by ruminal microorganisms. Several methods to improve the utilization of rice straw by ruminants have been investigated in the past. However, some physical treatments are not practical because of the requirement for machinery or treatments are not economical feasible for the farmers. Chemical treatments, such as NaOH, $NH_3$ or urea, currently seem to be more practical for onfarm use. Alternative treatments to improve the nutritive value of rice straw are the use of ligninolytic fungi (white-rot fungi), with their extracellular ligninolytic enzymes, or specific enzymes degrading cellulose and/or hemicellulose. The use of fungi or enzyme treatments is expected to be a more practical and environmental-friendly approach for enhancing the nutritive value of rice straw and can be costeffective in the future. Using fungi and enzymes might be combined with the more classical chemical or physical treatments. However, available data on using fungi and enzymes for improving the quality of rice straw are relatively scarce.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.218-227
• /
• 2022

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), a new green energy, that have various potential applications, such as energy harvesters and self-powered sensors. The output performance of TENGs has been improving rapidly, and their output power significantly increased since they were first reported owing to improved triboelectrification materials and interfacial material engineering. Because the operation of a TENG is based on contact electrification in which electric charges are exchanged at the interface between two materials, its output can be increased by increasing the contact area and charge density. Material surface modification with microstructures or nanostructures has increased the output performance of TENGs significantly because not only does the sharp micro/nano morphology increases the contact area during friction, but it also increases the charge density. Chemical treatment in which ions or functional groups are added has also been used to improve the performance of TENGS by modifying the work functions, charge densities, and dielectric constants of the triboelectric materials. In addition, ultrahigh output power from TENGs without using new materials or treatments has been obtained in many studies in which special structures were designed to control the current release or to collect the charge current directly. In this review, we discuss physical and chemical treatments, bulk modifications, and interfacial engineering for enhancing TENG performance by improving contact electrification and electrostatic induction.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2012

Background : Patients with frozen shoulder have pain and limited range of motion (ROM) at the affected shoulder. Shoulder pain of these patients usually decreases with recovery of range of motion. The aim of this study is to identify effects of static stretching and hold-relax on recovering ROM and reducing pain of patients with frozen shoulder. Methods : In this study, 15 patients with frozen shoulder who were only treated with physical therapy were recruited. Patients who received any surgical procedure or hydrotherapy were excluded. The subjects were divided randomly into 3 groups; control(n=5), static stretching(n=5) and hold-relax(n=5) groups. Patients were treated with stretching and the total number of treatments was 12 times. The ROM was measured at baseline, after fourth, eighth and final treatments. Shoulder pain and disability index(SPADI) scores were assessed before and after doing all treatments. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze ROM change within each group. Changes of ROM between groups was analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by post hot analysis(Tukey's HSD). SPADI score within each group analyzed using Wilcoxon signed ranks test. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Study Design : Repeated measures design. Result : There were significant differences of ROM in both treatment groups except internal rotation of static stretching group. ROM was significantly increased in treatment groups compared with control group, but the difference of ROM change between two treatment groups did not differ significantly. SPADI scores for treatment groups significantly decreased compared with pre-SPADI score. Conclusion : The result suggests that hold-relax can be more effective than static stretching to recover range of motion and alleviate shoulder pain on patients with frozen shoulder.