• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.47-61
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to determined the force and moment of the ankle and the knee joint at different step length relative to the length of the lower extremity during a steady running. Six digital cameras(Qualisis) and a forceplatform(A.M.T.I) were used to obtain the kinematic data of the segments and kinetic data on the running at speed of 5.18m/s. The force and moment measured from six subjects participated in this study were limited to the support phase and their values were averaged at the moment of heel strike, mid stance, and toe off of a running for making a comparison between the condition 1(relative step length 1.1) and the condition 2(relative step length 1.4). It was concluded that internal forces except mediolateral force of the condition 2 were greater in the ankle and the knee joint than those of the condition 1, but all moments of condition 2 were greater from the descriptive statistic point of view. For the future study, it was needed to consider a number of subjects, a various running speed, and a individual step preference for applying generally results to the running strategy.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.268-273
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• 2014

To investigate the turbulence characteristics within the boundary layer over a flat plate, an experimental study was performed using a PIV technique in a circular water channel. For two water velocities, 0.92 and 1.99 m/s, the water velocity profiles were taken and analyzed to determine turbulent characteristics such as the Reynolds stress, Taylor micro-length scale, and Kolmogorov length scale within the defect law region of the boundary layer. These analysis methods may be applied to research on the friction drag reduction technology using micro-bubbles or an air sheet over the surface of a ship's hull, because the physical reason for the friction drag reduction could be found by understanding the variation of the turbulence characteristics and structures in the boundary layer.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to provide information on how to improve the current sizing system of infant coveralls through analysis of the present system. In order to compile the information about dissatisfaction with the appropriateness of the fit of infant coveralls, a questionnaire was administered to mothers of 241 infants (aged under 36 months) living in Seoul, and analyzed using the SPSS WIN.10.0 program. Also, the manufacturers'basic body sizes were investigated. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The results of the comparison between the manufacturers'basic body sizes and the body measurement values obtained as the physical standard of the nation(1997) show that in terms of length and hip circumference, the manufacturers'body sizes were larger. On the other hand, in the waist circumference, the manufacturers'body sizes were smaller than the national average. 2. Research on the production sizing system of domestic and international brands, showed that the sizing interval of domestic brands were 6 months, whereas the international brands were 3 months f3r infants under 12 months. 3. Concerning fit, the areas causing most dissatisfaction were: the trunk length, sleeve length, inside leg length, and neck depth. The results showed that dissatisfaction with the suitability of the sizing of current infant coveralls according to the body part differed among the groups according to the month of age.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.184-196
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• 2012

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the degree of discomfort and to identify factors related with discomfort in patients wearing thigh-length compression stockings after orthopedic surgery. Methods: The participants were 105 patients wearing thigh-length compression stockings after orthopedic surgery at two hospitals in B city. Data were collected by the scale of discomfort in wearing compression stockings from July 5 to October 20, 2011. Results: Mean score of discomfort on wearing compression stockings was significantly higher at post-op. day 3 than day 1 (t=-2.30, p=.004). Discomfort scores for 'itching skin' and 'tightened leg' items were higher than others. There was significant difference in discomfort at post-op. day 1 according to surgical regions. The total score of discomfort at post-op. day 3 was positively related with the body mass index (r=.20, p=.041). Conclusion: Wearing thigh-length compression stockings to prevent deep vein thrombosis may cause physical and psychological discomfort for orthopedic surgical patients. To reduce discomfort in wearing compression stockings, nurses need to intervene discomfort and problems related to the stockings post-operatively.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.257-271
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• 2017

There are many plain concrete arch bridges in Iran that have been used as railway bridges for more than seventy years. Owe to the fact that these bridges have not been designed seismically, and even may be loaded under high-speed trains, evaluation of fundamental frequencies of the bridges against earthquake and high-speed train vibrations is necessary for considering dynamics effects. To evaluate complex behavior of these bridges, results of field tests are useful. Since it is not possible to perform field tests for all arch bridges, these structures should be simulated correctly by computers for structural assessment. Several parameters are employed to describe the bridges, such as number of spans, length of spans, geometrical and material properties. In this study, results of field tests are used for modal analysis and adapted for 64 three dimensional finite element models with various physical parameters. Computer simulations show length of spans has important effect on fundamental frequencies of plain concrete arch bridge and modal deformations of bridges is in longitudinal and transverse directions. Also, these results demonstrate that fundamental frequencies of bridges decrease after increasing span length and number of spans. Plus, some relations based in the number of spans (n) and span length (l) are proposed for calculation of fundamental frequencies of plain concrete arch bridge.

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.118-126
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• 2014

In this study, the use of the spur of riverbank technique is being investigated. The spur of the riverbank typically reduces the velocity of flow and protects the embankments by increasing friction along the water and the banks. This also has an effect in the rise of water level upstream. It is also used for the rectification of riverside line and restoration of the waterway through sedimentation near the spur of the riverbank. In this study, physical-scaled experiments are conducted to investigate the process of creating a mild meandering channel using the spur of the riverbank with varying water flows and sedimentation functions. The hydraulics observations are taken with respect to the varying heights and length of the riverbank's spurs and the distance between each spur for the formation of the mild meandering channel. It is observed that for 1.06 times of the meander length, it requires 2 times of the interval with each spur of river width. Similarly, 1.25L times of the meander length, it requires 0.5 times of the interval with each spur of river width. The sand accumulation is induced by the spur of riverbank when the spur of riverbank's heights are more than 40% of water depth and the length of the spur of riverbank needs under than 20% of river width for avoid exaggerated sand accumulation in the center of channel.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2005

IEEE802.16의 물리계층 중 하나인 SC-FDE (Single Carrier with Frequency-Domain Equalization)는 OFDM과 비슷한 성능 및 복잡도를 유지하면서 OFDM에 비해 비선형성 전력 증폭기에 덜 민감하다는 장점을 가지고 있다. SC-FDE의 보호구간은, OFDM의 경우에서와 같이, 최대 지연확산에 의해서 결정된다. 대부분의 무선통신 환경에서 지연확산은 작은 값을 가지지만 산악지방이나 중계기의 영향 등에 의해서 매우 큰 지연확산이 발생할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 가변 길이의 보호구간을 가지는 SC-FDE를 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 라 셀에 따라 혹은 각 가입자에 따라서 보호구간의 길이를 결정할 수 있다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.541-549
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to examine the slacks purchases and wearing satisfaction among old-aged women who were highly dissatisfied with their bodies and fit due to physical changes and to provide some basic data needed to develop slacks patterns to meet their needs. A survey was taken among 223 old-aged women aged 60~79 living in Seoul. Using the SPSS 12.0 program, the collected data were analyzed in descriptive statistics, t-test, and crosstab. The result were as follows: the most used place for them to shop slacks was a market(including the Dongdaemun and Namdaemun market), which was followed by a department store and a discount store in the order. As for their preference for slacks according to age, those who were in their sixties most preferred straight-line slacks, while those who were in their seventies semistraight-type slacks. As for fit for each body part according to age, there were significant differences only in crotch length. Those who were in their seventies were more dissatisfied with crotch length than those who were in their sixties, feeling that crotch length was short. As for their experiences of repair after purchasing a pair of slacks, 82.5% said they had such an experience. Most of the repairs with length, waist and slacks width involved in size reduction.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.204-216
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of massage therapy on weight gain, length and head circumference in instituted infants. This study utilized nonequivalent control group with repeated measuring by quasi experimental design. Fifty eight instituted infants in Daejeon city were selected for the study. Fifty eight infants were randomly assigned two groups, one served as the control group and the other was experimental group to whom massage therapy was given. For the experimental group, massage protocol(developed by Field, 1986) was applied 2 times a day, mid-morning and early evening, for 4 weeks for each infants by researcher and trained research assistants. As a weight weighing instrument, electronic indicator scale (Cas Co., Korea) was used. The result of this study were summarized as follows; 1.A repeated measures ANOVA identified a significant group by time effect over the four weeks of intervention(F=14.69, p < .0001). Infants assigned to experimental group gained more weight than control group infants. 2. T-test identified that significant differences in length(t=2.60, P=.013) and head circumference(t=4.27, P=.000). Infants assigned to experimental group had more length and head circumference than control group infants. In conclusion, Massage therapy improved weight gain, length and head circumference of instituted infants. Therefore, it is recommended to utilize massage therapy as a nursing intervention for instituted infants.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.623-636
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• 2023

This study utilized small-scale physical model tests to investigate the impact of different types of geosynthetics, including geocell, planar geotextile, and wraparound geotextile, on the behaviour of strip footings placed on 0.8 m thick soil fills and backfills with a slope angle of 70°. Bearing capacity and settlement of the footing and failure mechanisms are discussed and evaluated. The results revealed that the bearing capacity of footings situated on both unreinforced and reinforced slopes increased with a greater embedment depth of the footing. For settlement ratios below 4%, the geocell reinforcement exhibited significantly higher stiffness, carrying greater loads and experiencing less settlement compared to the planar and wraparound geotextile reinforcements. However, the performance of geocell reinforcement was influenced by the number and length of the geocell layers. Increasing the geocell back length ratio from 0.44 to 0.84 significantly improved the bearing capacity of the footing located at the crest of the reinforced slope. Adequate reinforcement length, particularly for geocell, enhanced the bearing pressure of the footing and increased the stiffness of the slope, resulting in reduced deflections. Increasing the length of reinforcement also led to improved performance of the footing located on wraparound geotextile reinforced slopes. In all reinforcement cases, reducing the vertical spacing between reinforcement layers from 100 mm to 75 mm allowed the slope to withstand much greater loads.