• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.341-347
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate items of commonly used questionnaires that measure functioning status of persons with stroke and map to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods: Eighty-six patients with stroke were recruited from 12 medical institutes for the study. Each item of the Modified Bathel Index (MBI), Stroke Impact Scale (SIS), Mini Mental Status Evaluation (MMSE) and SF-36 were examined and compared its concept with the ICF. Concept linking was performed by 10 health professionals independently. A field test was performed to assess its correlation between those of scales and their linked ICF category sets. Results: It was found that 11 items in MBI was linked to 14 ICF categories, whereas 27 items of MMSE had 10 categories of ICF linked. 60 items of SIS were to be linked with 35 ICF categories. Agreement between professionals in linking was found to be high: 97.5% for MBI items, 78.0%, 78.0%, and 74.8% for MMSE, SIS, and SF-36 respectively. Strong relationship was observed between measurement scales and linked ICF code sets (r=-0.76 for SIS, r=-0.78 for MBI, r=-0.47 for MMSE) whereas there was no relationship was found between SF-36 and its ICF code set (r=-0.06) from the field test. Conclusion: It was found that items of SIS, MMSE and MBI may be linked to ICF categories. Those of linking concept between clinical tools and the ICF could be helpful for clinical data standardization.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.547-555
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test a hypothetical model of health-related quality of life in patients with heart failure. The hypothetical model was derived from the Wilson and Cleary's model, the Rector's model, and published research findings. Methods: Data from 103 patients with heart failure were analyzed to determine the best multivariate health-related quality of life model given variables derived from the prior studies. The statistics programs SPSS 12.0 and LISREL 8.7 program were used for descriptive statistics and covariance structure analysis respectively. Results: The overall fitness of the path final model was good(GFI=.97, AGFI=.95, NNFI=1.06, NFI=.96, p=.96). Symptoms were directly affected by gender. HYHA Class was directly affected by only gender. Physical functioning limitation was directly affected by exercise. Health perception was directly affected by economics, symptom, and physical functioning limitation. Depression was directly affected by exercise and health perception. Heath-related quality of life was directly affected by physical functioning limitation and depression, indirectly affected by gender, economics, exercise, symptoms, NYHA Class, and health perception. This path analysis model explained 51% of health-related quality of life in patients with heart failure. Conclusion: To improve of health-related quality of life with heart failure patients, it is necessary to make nursing interventions for physical functioning and depression.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.384-395
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• 2000

This study examined burdens of primary family caregivers, and family functioning of patients with cancer. In addition, the relationship between two concepts was assessed to develop nursing intervention to reduce the burdens of caregiving, and to improve family functioning. Ninety-two primary family caregivers of patients with cancer at a general hospital in Seoul participated in this study. The patients with cancer aged from 19 to 84 years with a mean age of 51 years, and sixty-one percent were male. About 30 percent of the patients suffered liver and billiary tract cancer. Fifty-six percent of the primary family caregivers were spouses of the patients and 70.7 percent were women. Primary family caregivers' burdens were assessed by the Burden Scale originally developed by Zarit (1980) and Novak & Guest(1989) and modified by Jang (1995) for use in Korea. The instrument consists of six subscales: time-dependent burden, developmental burden, physical burden, emotional burden, social burden, and financial burden. Family functioning was assessed by the Family APGAR developed by Smilkstein(1978). The results were as follows: 1. The average burden score was 86.1, indicating a moderate level of burden. The time-dependent burden scored highest followed by developmental, physical, social, financial, and emotional burdens. The mean score of family APGAR was 9.71; among subjects 82.6% were included in dysfunctional families. 2. Of the characteristics of patients, age, gender, number of admissions, and job were found to be associated with the level of burden. There was no significant difference between patient characteristics and family functioning. Of the characteristics of primary family caregivers, caregiver's perception of patient prognosis was significantly related to the level of burden, and family functioning. Caregiver's sex and age were also related to family functioning. The quality of relationship between a patient and a caregiver was significant situational factors affecting the level of burden, and family functioning. In addition, the income of family, and help from other family members were related to the level of burden. Given the results, it is essential to develop nursing intervention to reduce burden and to improve family functioning, such as support groups.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.380-390
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• 2017

This study examined the relationship between social support, social participation and physical functioning among older adults in community senior centers. The subjects of this study were 194 persons aged 60 years or older who participated in the senior center in K province and D city, from June 16 to June 30, 2016. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, T-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and structural model analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 and IBM AMOS 21.0. The result showed that the social support and physical functioning of the elderly in the community were above normal, and social participation was somewhat low. Interestingly, an analysis of the physical functioning between social support, social participation and depression revealed significant correlations. The factors affecting the physical health were 23.4% of the respondents who had a significant influence on social support and leisure activities. In addition, the result of structural model analysis showed that social support had a significant influence on the social participation, depression and physical functioning. Therefore, the results suggests that the development of educational programs and an age-friendly environment should be actively provided to older adults in the community by strengthening the physical function through social support for active ageing.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.1390-1400
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of EPMLM(educational program of manual lymph massage) on the arm functioning and QOL(quality of life) in breast cancer patients with lymphedema. Method: Subjects in the experimental group(n=20) participated in EPMLM for 6 weeks from June to July, 2005. The EPMLM consisted of training of lymph massage for 2 weeks and encourage and support of self-care using lymph massage for 4 weeks. The arm functioning assessed at pre-treatment, 2weeks, and 6weeks using Arm functioning questionnaire. The QOL assessed at pre-treatment and 6 weeks using SF-36. The outcome data of experimental group was compared with control group(n=20). The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS 10.0 statistical program. Result: The arm functioning of experimental group was increased from 2 weeks after(W=.224, p=.011) and statistically differenced with control group at 2 weeks(Z=-2.241, p=.024) and 6 weeks(Z=-2.453, p=.013). Physical function of QOL domain increased in experimental group(Z=-1.162, p=.050), also statistically differenced with control group(Z=-2.182, p= .030) at 6weeks. Conclusion: The results suggest that the educational program of manual lymph massage can improve arm functioning and physical function of QOL domain in breast cancer patients with lymphedema.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of life of overweight & obese women using SF-36 Methods We studied 244 patients visiting Gangdong Kyung Hee University Hospital from 1st April 2011 to 30th November 2011. The subjects were categorized in two groups, normal group(n=158) and overweight & obesity group(n=86). We studied the difference of SF-36 scores between two groups by independent samples t-test and correlation between anthropometry and SF-36 scores by Pearson's correlation coefficient test using SPSS for windows(version 13.0). Results Overweight & obesity group significantly showed lower quality of life in the domains of physical functioning, bodily pain, and social functioning than normal group. Some of body weight, fat mass, body mass index, percent body fat, fat distribution and quality of life in the domains of physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, social functioning, role-emotional significantly showed negative correlation coefficient. Conclusions The results suggest that overweight and obese women tend to show lower quality of life.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate neck posture, range of motion, muscle endurance and self-report of pain and disability in smartphone users. Methods: Seventy-eight university student volunteers, aged between 18 and 30 years (mean age 23.2), were assessed for: a head-neck posture by measuring cranial vertical angle, neck range of motions using cervical range of motion device, and a deep neck flexor endurance using a stabilizer. Finally, subjects were asked about their neck pain and completed disability questionnaires, ie, Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Neck Disability Index, and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Results: Thirty-eight subjects experienced recurrent neck pain with/without upper limb pain (neck pain group) and 40 reported no current neck pain with/without upper limb pain (no neck pain group). Differences were found between groups on pain and disability questionnaires. Subjects with neck pain had significantly higher disability scores than those of no neck pain group. However, there were no differences observed between groups in a head-neck posture, neck range of motions, and deep neck muscle endurance time. The smartphone usage time was negatively correlated with neck pain intensity and disability score whereas it had positive relationship with flexibility and posture. Conclusion: Group differences were observed as lower capacity not only for neck specific daily activities but for general functioning in daily routine when the neck pain and no neck pain groups were compared. Therefore, functioning in daily activities should be investigated as prevention for further developing neck pain in smartphone users.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2017

PURPOSE: Central post-stroke pain (CPSP), a chronic pain condition of stroke patients, can impair activities of daily living and worsen the quality of life (QOL), thereby negatively influencing the rehabilitation process. However, CPSP remains an underestimated complication of stroke. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and types of new-onset chronic pain and to identify the relation between pain and QOL in stroke patients. METHODS: All patients hospitalized because of a diagnosis of stroke were included. Questionnaire was used. Pain intensity was measured using Numerical rating scale (NRS), and pain characteristics were assessed using DN4. QOL was measured using SF-36. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the characteristics and pain data, and chi-square test was used to compare QOL categorical data between the nociceptive and neurological pain groups. RESULTS: CPSP development was reported by 34% of the post-stroke pain patients. Perceived QOL was low in both groups, especially with respect to the physical functioning, bodily pain, physical-role functioning, emotional-role functioning, and mental health domains. However, no significant difference was observed in QOL between the nociceptive and neurological pain groups (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that CPSP is a common and disabling complication that is difficult to treat, often decreases QOL, and may negatively affect rehabilitation treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.385-392
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationships among quality of life, caregiver depression levels, and disease severity, especially motor function, in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: Data were collected through questionnaires using survey and interview from 80 caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. The caregivers' quality of life was measured using medical outcomes study 36-item short form health survey, and level of depression was scored using the beck depression inventory. In addition, children's motor function was evaluated using gross motor function measure-88 and functional independence measure scores. Results: Among 8 domains of medical outcomes study 36-item short form health survey, "physical functioning," "physical role functioning," "mental health," and "bodily pain" domains were significantly correlated to "total" percentage scores of gross motor function measure-88. In addition, "mental health" and "bodily pain" domains were correlated to each sub-dimension, including "lying and rolling," "sitting," "crawling and kneeling," "standing," and "walking, running, and jumping." Similarly, the "running" and "jumping" dimensions including motor function measures correlated with "transfer," "locomotion," and "motor subtotal" of functional independence measure scores. The beck depression inventory scores were negatively correlated to "lying and rolling," "sitting," "crawling and kneeling," and the "total" percentage scores of gross motor function measure-88. The beck depression inventory scores were negatively correlated to "sphincter control," "communication," "social cognition," "cognitive subtotal," and "total" functional independence measure scores. Conclusion: It is necessary to consider the quality of life and emotional problems of caregivers of CP children and support them both physically and psychologically with comprehensive rehabilitation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.319-329
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was performed to determine the levels of quality of life (QOL) according to the grade of long-term care service for the elderly people who were admitted from long-term care insurance, and to reveal its association with the physical and mental functioning such as the Activity of Daily Living (ADL), the Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean version (MMSE-K). Methods: The interviews were performed during the period from March 1 to May 31, 2009, for 958 elderly people in urban and rural areas. The questionnaire items included various indices such as the ADL, IADL, CES-D, and MMSE-K, as independent variables and the index of QOL, as the dependent ones. For statistical analysis, t-tests were used for the mean scores of QOL according to gender and the grade of long-term care services, and Spearman's correlation was used for each variable. The effects of physical and mental functioning for QOL were assessed by covariance structure analysis. The statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The mean scores of QOL among all the subjects was $55.4{\pm}15.62$ (Grade I: $49.7{\pm}14.17$, Grade II: $56.8{\pm}14.62$, Grade III: $59.4{\pm}16.36$), and it was lower according to the higher grade of long-term care insurance. In terms of the correlation matrix of the QOL and the physical and mental function factors, the QOL showed positive correlation with the ADL, IADL and MMSE-K, while it had negative correlation with depression. On the analysis of covariance, mental functioning (depression and the MMSE-K) had a greater influence on the level of QOL than the physical functioning (ADL and IADL). Conclusions: The level of the QOL in the elderly people who were admitted from long-term care insurance was lower according to higher the grade of long-term care insurance. Also, the mental functioning (depression and MMSE-K) was more influential on the level of the QOL than the physical functioning (ADL and IADL).