• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.25-32
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined whether breathing exercises might increase the chest expansion and pulmonary function of stroke patients. Methods: Twenty four patients with stroke were assigned randomly into two groups: a combination of diaphragmatic resistive breathing and pursed-lip breathing exercise (CB) group (n=10) and control group (n=14). The CB group completed a 4-week program of diaphragmatic resistive breathing and pursed-lip breathing exercise. The subjects were assessed using the pre-test and post-test measurements of the chest expansion (length for resting, deep inspiration, deep expiration, deep expiration-inspiration) and pulmonary function (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF), vital capacity (VC), tidal volume (TV), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)). Results: A comparison of the chest expansion between the pre and post tests revealed similar rest, deep inspiration, deep expiration, and deep expiration-inspiration lengths in the CB and control groups (p>0.05). A comparison of the pulmonary function between pre and post tests, revealed significant improvements in the FVC, FEV, PEF, VC, IRV, and ERV in the CB group (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the FVC, FEV1, PEF, VC and IRV between the 2 groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that breathing exercise should help improve the pulmonary function, such as the volume and capacity. This suggests that the pulmonary functions of stroke patients might be improved further by a continued respiratory exercise program.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.166-175
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the effects of a rehabilitation exercise program on physical function and mental health status in chronic stroke Patients with hemiparesis Method: This study used a single group experimental design with repeated measures. Data collection and intervention were done from August, 2004 to November. 2004 at a community. Participants were fifteen patients (mean age: 68.6), and a 100 meter walking time and box and block tests were conducted at baseline, 4weeks, and post-intervention (8weeks) Activities of daily living and the levels of depression and anxiety were measured by using SCL-90-R at pre and post Intervention. This program consisted of 1 hour individual exercise 3 times a week for 8 weeks, and it focused on stretching, walking, arm and hand exercise, and hand massage. Result: 1. ADL, IADL, and the 100m walking time in the patients were improved compared with baseline. However. box and block tests was not shown significant improvement compared with baseline. 2. Depression and anxiety scores were improved more than that of baseline. Conclusion: The rehabilitation exercise program can be effective in improving physical function and mental health status, and it has a potential for improving Physical health status in Patients with chronic stroke hemiparesis.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.72-80
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• 2012

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of familiar exercise and novel exercise on motor function after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats. The rats were subjected to a unilateral striatal ICH via collagenase infusion. The rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: the CON (control group; rested one week post-ICH), the FE (familiar exercise group; familiar exercise was performed two weeks after one-week post-ICH period), and NE (novel exercise group; novel exercise was performed two weeks after one-week post-ICH period). We measured neurological behavior using a ladder rung walking test and a beam walking test; we measured the level of nerve growth factor (NGF) using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. We performed a one-way ANOVA test to analyze the scores obtained from the neurological behavior tests and the differences of NGF protein levels among the three groups. In the present study, the FE group and the NE group showed significant improvement during the neurological behavior tests and in their expression of NGF protein level, as compared to the CON group. Especially, NE group more increase than FE group in neurological behavior tests, the expression of NGF on motor cortex. In conclusion, these results suggest that, after ICH, familiar exercise and novel exercise enhance motor function and, novel exercise is more effective than familiar exercise.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a virtual reality-based occupational therapy program on the physical function and learning ability of intellectually disabled school-aged children. Methods : In this study, 20 intellectually disabled children of school age were randomly and evenly divided into experimental and control groups with children in the experimental group receiving a virtual reality-based occupational therapy intervention. The study adopted a pretest-posttest design. The intervention was conducted for a total of 12 sessions for six weeks, twice a week, and 50 minutes per session. As measurement tools, BOT-2 and grooved pegboard tests were used to compare physical function before and after the intervention program, and K-ABC was used to check changes in learning ability. Results : The occupational therapy program produced a significant improvement in both physical function and learning ability of the experimental group. A significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion : This study confirmed the value and usefulness of virtual reality-based occupational therapy as a tool for enhancing the physical function and learning ability of intellectually disabled school-aged children. Based on the results, a variety of future studies are encouraged that would further test the effects of the occupational therapy program used here.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2019

PURPOSE: To prevent secondary complications from decreased pulmonary functions and promote neurological recovery, identification of respiratory capacity change patterns depending on different postures of stroke patients and investigation of their properties are needed for active rehabilitation. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the changes in vital capacity in response to different positions and to implement the results as clinical data. METHODS: A respiratory function test was administered to 52 patients with stroke in the sitting, supine, paretic side lying, and non-paretic side lying positions. Pulmonary function indexes used for comparison were forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow 25-75% (FEF 25-75%), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). One-way repeated ANOVA was used for analysis, and post hoc analysis was conducted using least significant difference (LSD). RESULTS: All pulmonary function indexes were measured in the order of sitting, paretic side lying, supine, and non-paretic side lying positions. Excluding the FEF25-75% and MVV of the supine compared with the paretic side lying position, all other pulmonary function indexes differed significantly (p<.05). CONCLUSION: There are differences in pulmonary function indexes depending on different postures of stroke patients, and the study showed that the non-paretic side lying position yielded the greatest effect on lung ventilation mechanisms. Based on these results, appropriate postures need to be considered during physical therapy interventions for stroke patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2023

PURPOSE: Recently, the proportion of respiratory diseases has been increasing worldwide, and deaths from respiratory diseases in Korea are increasing. Maintaining a healthy respiratory function is a crucial factor in preventing respiratory diseases. There are various ways to improve respiratory function, such as respiratory muscle and aerobic exercises. In other countries, respiratory muscle exercise is performed using a respiratory resistance mask, but such research is insufficient in Korea. Therefore, this paper proposes a respiratory exercise program using a respiratory resistance mask. METHODS: This study was conducted by dividing healthy adults in their 20s into a treadmill exercise + respiratory resistance mask group and a treadmill exercise group into an experimental group and a control group. The changes in the subject's physical function before and after exercise were confirmed by cardiopulmonary exercise and pulmonary function tests. RESULTS: As a result of the study, the experimental and control groups increased their physical function significantly (p < .05). On the other hand, when the increase rate according to the group was confirmed, the increase rate of the experimental group was higher. CONCLUSION: Based on this study, it is necessary to develop a respiratory exercise program using respiratory exercise tools such as a respiratory resistance mask and provide it easily to various subjects.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.29-43
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• 2023

Background: In the rehabilitation of stroke patients, regular physical activity is very important not only as a treatment for maximal functional recovery but also as a strategy to prevent the recurrence of stroke. The purpose of this study was to objectively measure the amount of physical activity in people with stroke, and to examine the differences in motor and cognitive function according to a level of physical activity. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Physical activity (GENEActiv), motor function (Fugl-Meyer Assessment), cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Korean version), and the Korean version of Modified Barthel Index were evaluated in adult stroke patients with hemiplegia. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the level of physical activity according to the motor and cognitive function. There was no statistically significant difference in motor and cognitive function according to the level of physical activity, but there was a statistically significant difference in the MBI (p<.01). Conclusion: As a result of the difference in the MBI according to the level of physical activity, it was found that the more moderate to vigorous physical activities are performed, the higher the independence in daily living. These results can be interpreted as that the more often you participate in physical activities such as physical therapy (gait training), the better your independence in ADL. Since regular physical activity participation of adult stroke patients can improve daily living performance, it is considered necessary to participate in physical activities such as continuous physical therapy.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2017

Objective: Elderly people with dementia experience not only cognitive dysfunction but also motor function deficits, such as balance and gait impairments. Recently, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been used to reduce pain as well as to control muscle spasm, spasticity and motor performance in various types of subjects. The purpose of this study determined the effect of a single trial TENS on balance and gait function in elderly people with dementia. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty-two subjects with dementia were assigned to the TENS group (n=12) and ten subjects were assigned to the control group (n=10) randomly. Subjects were classified into two groups: the TENS group (n=12) and the placebo-TENS group (n=10). The TENS group had electrical stimulation applied on the calf muscle for 15 minutes, while the placebo-TENS group had not received real electrical stimulation. The timed up and go test (TUG) and functional reach test (FRT) were used to measure the balance function, and the 10 meters walk test (MWT) and 6MWT were used to assess gait ability. All tests were performed before and after intervention under a single-blinded condition. Results: After intervention, there were significant improvements in TUG, FRT, 10MWT, and 6MWT results in the TENS group (p<0.05), while the placebo-TENS group did not show significant changes in all outcome measurements. There were also differences in all tests between the two groups at post-measurements (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that a single trial TENS application on the calf may be used to improve balance and gait function in elderly people with dementia.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.678-686
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to compare the physical and psychological functioning by sex, weight and age in Judo athletes. The 124 participants; high school students, college students, and team players. They used physical tests to measure physical examinations by self-describing Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score test, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score test, and Oswestry Disability Index, and psychological tests such as Profile of Mood Test, Athletes' Self-Management Questionnaire, and The Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28, to examine the effects of physical and psychological functions of sports athletes. The physical tests of sex showed differences in knee and back, psychological tests of sex showed differences in mood state, self-management, and athletic coping skills. As a result of physical examination by weight, there was a difference in knee pain and sports items, psychological tests showed that there was a significant difference in mood state except for vitality. Physical examination by age showed differences in knee, ankle, and back. As a result of age-based psychological test, mood state test showed difference in all items except tension and vitality. There was a significant difference only in the items of physical management in self-management test. The results of this study are expected to be used as a basic data for sports injury training and medical technology development by sex, weight and age of Judo athletes.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of $\alpha$-wave music and art appreciation on hand function. Methods: A total of 22 university students participated in this study (10 males and 12 females). Twelve subjects received $\alpha$-wave music and art appreciation. The other subjects received neither. All subjects were assessed for hand function (manual dexterity, power grip, pinch, lateral pinch, tactile sense) using a Purdue pegboard, dynamometer, pinch gauge, and Semmes-Weinstein monofilament wire. The data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests. Results: The results were as follows: 1. In the experimental group, manual dexterity and tactile sense were significantly increased between pre- and post-intervention (p<0.05). Within the control group, manual dexterity and power grip were significantly increased between pre- and post-test (p<0.05). 2. With regard to dexterity and tactile sense, the experimental group experienced a significant post-intervention increase compared to the control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in power grip, pinch, or lateral pinch changes between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study show that $\alpha$-wave music and art appreciation affect hand function with regard to manual dexterity and tactile sense.