• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.343-347
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• 2014

Background: Maspin expression is a potential prognostic factor for various malignancies but its relation with gallbladder cancer is unknown and needs to be investigated needs to be investigated. We therefore here focused on maspin mRNA expression in normal, gall stone disease and gallbladder cancer subjects, with particular attention to prognostic importance in individuals with malignancies. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. Gallbladder samples from normal (n=25), gall stone disease (n=25) and cancer patients (n=38) were analysed for maspin mRNA expression by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and quantitative real time PCR. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Students t test or ANOVA. Survival analysis was conducted according to the Kaplan-Meier method and correlations were assessed using the Pearson correlation method. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Significant increase (p=0.028) in expression of maspin mRNA was observed in gallbladder cancer as compared to gall stone disease, whereas no expression was found in normal tissues. Significant correlation (Pearson's coefficient(r)=-0.798, p<0.0001) was observed between relative quantification of maspin mRNA and survival of cancer patients after surgery, with significantly shorter (p=0.002) survival in patients having relative quantification >1.5 as compared to those having relative quantification <1.5. Similarly, significant differences in patient survival for maspin mRNA expression was observed for stage II (p=0.025) and III (p=0.011) cancer. Conclusions: Higher expression of maspin mRNA in gallbladder cancer has prognostic significance for stage II and III cancer, which needs to be investigated further.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.183-197
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the characteristic of physical touch in caring situation. The subjects of this study were adults in caring situation, therefore they were composed of 7 patients, 6 nurses, 3 doctors, 3 pharmacologists, 3 men in paramedicine area, 3 nursing educators and 13 normal general adults. The datas were gathered through nonstructured questionaire from June, 20th to September, 15th in 1995. The datas were subjects' descriptions about the intention, perception, and form of physical touch in caring situation and analysed by content analysis. The results as follow : The datas were divided into four areas. There were the situation being necessiated the physical touch, meaning of physical touch, form of physical touch and perception about physical touch in caring situation. The situation being necessiated physical touch were the situation that required physical treatment, to deliver the active expression of concern about the patients, to determine the treatment due to the identification of physical condition of patients and to induce the psychological eqilibrium into patient's mind. The meanings of physical touch in caring situation were - Good meanings that intention is to encourage, to be have hope about health and to deliver the affection willing to help patient. - therapeutic methods that were to facillitate the circulation of blood, to reduce the pain perception and to facillitate the circulation of qi. - interpersonal affectionate relation that the intentions were to deliver the understanding of patient's pain, were to delivery the meaning to the patient not be alone. The forms of physical touch in caring situation were none invasive forms just like laying hands on hand, head, shoulder, gentle knocking on the shoulder or back, massage of legs and back and finger pressure on acupuncture points. The perception of physical touch in caring situation divided into two parts. In family, the perceptions of physical touch in caring situation were to promote health status because physical touch induce the psychological peace, and to evoke the importance of relationship among family members. In relation with care giver, perception of physical touch in caring situation were inevitable process in treatment, and to deliver the trust and concern about patients.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2012

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of familiar exercise and novel exercise on motor function after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats. The rats were subjected to a unilateral striatal ICH via collagenase infusion. The rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: the CON (control group; rested one week post-ICH), the FE (familiar exercise group; familiar exercise was performed two weeks after one-week post-ICH period), and NE (novel exercise group; novel exercise was performed two weeks after one-week post-ICH period). We measured neurological behavior using a ladder rung walking test and a beam walking test; we measured the level of nerve growth factor (NGF) using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. We performed a one-way ANOVA test to analyze the scores obtained from the neurological behavior tests and the differences of NGF protein levels among the three groups. In the present study, the FE group and the NE group showed significant improvement during the neurological behavior tests and in their expression of NGF protein level, as compared to the CON group. Especially, NE group more increase than FE group in neurological behavior tests, the expression of NGF on motor cortex. In conclusion, these results suggest that, after ICH, familiar exercise and novel exercise enhance motor function and, novel exercise is more effective than familiar exercise.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2006

Purpose: The study to pulsed ultrasound effects of diabetes mellitus fracture model in rat. Methods: We used 36 Sprague-Dawely rats which were divided into 3 groups; the animals were divided into group of 4 rats each 4th, 14th and 28th days. All animal was induced diabetes mellitus model to used streptozotocin with 45 mg/kg. Pulsed wave were divided into $50\;mW/cm^2$ and $100\;mW/cm^2$. Results: T-ALP value was significantly change from group II, III on 14th, 28th days (p<0.05). Especially T-ALP value to between groups was significantly change from group II on 14th days (p<0.05). Osteocalcin value was significantly change from group II on 28th days(p<0.05). At fracture site, osteoblast, osteoclast expression was observed from 4th days after treatment and it reached its maximum intensity at 28th days. At fracture site, $TGF-{\beta}_1$ expression was observed from 4th days after treatment and it reached maximum intensity at 14th days. Conclusion: According to this study, diabetes mellitus fracture model to the more effective is divided into $50m\;W/cm^2$ pulsed ultrasound.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2009

Purpose: Electrical stimulation is one of several treatments recommended for RA patients. Electrical stimulation of RA patients, reduces pain, or facilitates joint motion prior to exercises. However, there is still limited evidence on the efficacy of electrical stimulation and thus any conclusions drawn about this method remain controversial. Recently, Microcurrent Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation (MENS) has received significant attention as a potential method of electrical stimulation. In this study, we investigated the effect of microcurrent treatment in rheumatoid arthritis rat. Methods: Subjects were allocated either to the control group or experimental group, which was subject to microcurrent stimulation. Interleukin-1 expression in the metatarsophlangeal joint and the oedema index in the ankle were used for classification and subsequent evaluation of pathology. Subjects were assessed at 1, 7 and 14 days after inducing rheumatoid arthritis through adjuvant injection. Thirty-six subjects, 18 in each group, were used in this study. Statistical analysis was performed by calculating the differences between the two groups and between each interval assessment. Categorical variables were compared between the two groups with the paired-T test. The one-way ANOVA test was performed to assess changes in ordinal variables. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups. The biological marker of pro-inflammatory cytokine and oedema index were decreased in response to this treatment. Conclusion: These data show that treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a microcurrent stimulation device reduced the oedema index and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2007

The space where one's body lives is not only a space as the simple environment that is built with the physical factors, but also a space experienced by a movement accompanied by the concept of body perception including mental activities. In this study, the importance of the body is recognized and the meaning of the space of body perception including mental activities is understood. In this manner, the spatial unfolding phase and expression features are to be investigated through a standard of "What do they change?" by grasping those as a flexible space that changes spatial recognition. The following results have been drawn in this study; First, the application of the flexible concept in the space can give rise to the activities of an experiencing person in terms of being the object of spatial experience and appreciation. Also, the application changes a slightly static concept into a relative and dynamic space by introducing the movement. Second, the establishment of a space by a human's movement is accompanied by all perceptions and enables to perceive the space shape, the space itself and mutual communication between the spaces. Third, the expression of the human's movement in the fixed form of space lies in the extension of the fused spacial area with an observer beyond the physical spatial limitation. As human body intervenes in space, the meaning of the space has become more abundant and diverse and the space will be presented as the arena for sensitive and flexible communication as a responsive space that corresponds.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2014

Objective: Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been shown to accelerate cell proliferation and tissue healing in both animal models and clinical trials. However, details of the clinical effects of LIPUS have not been well characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LIPUS on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in rat articular chondrocytes. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Chondrocyte were cultured in six well cell culture plates for 72 hours at $37^{\circ}C$ with 5% $CO_2$, and then exposed to LIPUS at 1.5 MHz frequency and $30-mW/cm^2$ power. Changes in chondrocyte activities were evaluated in response to oxydative stress in dose-dependent (0 and 300 uM) and time-dependent (0-24 hr) manner. The cell viability were analyzed using MTT [3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide]. The expression of p38 MAPK was measured using western blotting. Results: Oxidative stress was induced in rat chondrocytes using hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$). The cell viability was decreased in chondrocytes after the $H_2O_2$ dose and time-dependent treatment. The p38 MAPK phosphorylation occurred at a significantly increased rate after $H_2O_2$ treated (p<0.05). Expression of p38 MAPK was decreased in the p38 inhibitor groups compared with the oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte damage via the p38 MAPK signaling pathways (p<0.05). Conclusions: It could be concluded that LIPUS can inhibit oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte damage via the p38 MAPK signaling pathways.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.26-47
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• 2024

Objective: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the correlation between vitamin D levels and the rate of tooth movement, external apical root resorption, bone biomarker expression, and bone remodeling. Methods: Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were systematically searched from inception until 14th March 2023 to identify studies investigating the correlation between orthodontic tooth movement and vitamin D in animals and humans. The quality assessment was made in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Results: Overall, 519 records were identified, and 19 were selected for the qualitative synthesis. Eleven studies investigated the effect of local administration (injections in the periodontal ligament, to the gingiva distal to the teeth, or submucosae palatal area) and systemic administration (oral supplementation) of vitamin D on tooth movement, external apical root movement, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and bone remodeling factors. The remaining eight studies investigated the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and salivary vitamin D levels on bone turnover markers and tooth movement. Conclusions: The findings of this systematic review support that vitamin D3 local injections might increase the rate of tooth movement via the receptor activator of the nuclear factor-kB/osteoprotegerin axis. However, the non-uniform study designs and the different protocols and outcome methods make it challenging to draw reliable conclusions.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2007

This review discusses the development of muscle receptors, in particular, that of muscle sensory neurons and monosynaptic stretch reflex circuit. The development of muscle sensory neurons and monosynaptic stretch reflex requires a series of steps including expression of neurotrophic transcriptional factors and their receptor. The monosynaptic stretch reflex circuit is unique neuronal circuit system, and highly precise synaptic connection systems. Thus, coordination of sensory-motor function in muscle receptors depend on the expression of distinct classes of molecular cues, and on the formation of selective synaptic connections between sensory-motor neurons and their target muscle. Recent neurotrophic and transcription factor expression studies have expanded our knowledge on how muscle sensory neuron is formed, and how sensory-motor system is developed.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2021

This study was a cross-sectional reaserch that analyzed the effect of emotional expression type on happiness level with structured questionnaires. A total of 186 participants in the study were in their 20s to 60s. Data collection was received from those who voluntarily agreed to the study from September 1 to 15, 2021. The collected data were frequency analysis, t-test, and regression analysis with spss 18.0. As a result of the analysis, it was found that people who perform superficial acts disguised as emotions were less satisfied with their current life (t=-10.482, p<0.01). People who do inner behavior showed high levels of happiness. These results suggest the following: It can be seen that in order to improve effective happiness, it is required to actively and truthfully act in a physical environment.