• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.159-161
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• 2015

We have carried out optical spectroscopic measurements of emission lines for a sample of Galactic planetary nebulae with Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars and weak emission-line stars (wels). The plasma diagnostics and elemental abundance analysis have been done using both collisionally excited lines (CELs) and optical recombination lines (ORLs). It was found that the abundance discrepancy factors ($ADF{\equiv}ORL/CEL$) are closely correlated with the difference between temperatures derived from forbidden lines and those from $He\;{\small{I}}$ recombination lines, implying the existence of H-deficient materials embedded in the nebula. The $H{\beta}$ surface brightness correlations suggest that they might be also related to the nebular evolution.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2014

Objective : The objective of this study is to develop a Qigong exercise program to reinforce musculoskeletal system of seniors appropriate for physical strength and conditions of seniors aged 65 years or above based on health Qigong exercise of oriental medicine. Method : Qigong exercise motions that can improve strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and cardiovascular endurance of seniors were developed by primarily performing literature review of Qigong experts on the fields like oriental medicine, Qigong exercise, physical education and health science and secondarily using motion training for increased validity of motions. Results : The Qigong exercise program for musculoskeletal system of seniors was designed with 12 motions repeated 8 times and 20 minutes per session, including shoulder exercises (alternate turning of left and right shoulders, turning both arms back and forth, holding and lifting elbow to put it aside), waist exercises (wrapping the head with hands to bow, twisting waist while looking at the tip of hand, large spinning of ball, putting hands together to pull back), and knee exercises (going up a down while lifting a rock, balancing the body while lifting a knee, lifting and spreading knees while drawing circle with arms, raising both arms to the side while lifting heels, breathing). Conclusion : Once the effects of Qigong exercise for musculoskeletal system of seniors developed in this study are tested, the program is expected to contribute to development of Qigong exercise, a core part of oriental medicine health improvement project.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.126-126
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• 2009

Noninvasive plasma diagnostic technique is introduced to analyze and characterize HICP (Helmholtz Inductively Coupled Plasma) source during the plasma etching process. The HICP reactor generates plasma mainly through RF source power at 13.56MHz RF power and RF bias power of 12.56MHz is applied to the cathode to independently control ion density and ion energy. For noninvasive sensors, the RF sensor and the OES (Optical emission spectroscopy) were employed since it is possible to obtain both physical and chemical properties of the reactor with plasma etching. The plasma impedance and optical spectra were observed while altering process parameters such as pressure, gas flow, source and bias power during the poly silicon etching process. In this experiment, we have found that data measured from these noninvasive sensors can be correlated to etch results. In this paper, we discuss the relationship between process parameters and the measurement data from RF sensor and OES such as plasma impedance and optical spectra and using these relationships to analyze and characterize H-ICP source.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.58.2-58.2
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• 2015

We present a library of high spectral resolution (R ~ 40,000) and high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ~ 200) near-infrared spectra of ~50 late-type stars. The spectra of late-type stars were obtained with Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph (IGRINS) covering the full H and K band. The stars are mainly from MK standard stars which have well-defined spectral types and luminosity classes and cover wide ranges of effective temperatures and surface gravities. The spectra are corrected for telluric absorption lines and absolutely flux calibrated using the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) photometry. In this work, we present the preliminary results of spectroscopic diagnostics for stellar physical parameters. Our ultimate goal is to provide a library of near-infrared spectra of standard stars, which covers all spectral types and luminosity classes, with a high spectral resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.40.2-40.2
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• 2010

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) features have emerged as one of the most important infrared (IR) features since these PAH features dominate mid-IR spectra of galaxies and are ubiquitous within galactic and extragalactic objects. These PAH features have the potentials to become reliable star formation rate (SFR) proxies and diagnostics of physical conditions of interstellar medium, such as ionization states of dust grains and grain sizes. While constructing an unbiased library of 44 sample galaxies selected from 5MUSES sample, AKARI mJY Unbiased Survey of Extragalactic Sources in 5MUSES (AMUSES) intends to measure and to calibrate the PAH 3.3 mm emission feature which has not been studied extensively due to its weak strength and dearth of capable instruments. Out of 20 target galaxies, we detected the 3.3mm feature from eight galaxies and measured their line strengths, line widths and line ratios with other PAH emission features. Sample galaxies whose spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are classified as starburst-type have clearly stronger 3.3mm emission features than ones with AGN-type SEDs. We also found that there is a correlation between the PAH 3.3mm luminosity and total IR luminosity within our sample galaxies, albeit a large scatter. We further discuss implications of our results.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 2015

Objectives : The treatment starts with physical examination. The four examinations(四診) is a method to examine the disease. The books on history of diagnostics about it contained substantial contents about inspection(望診) and palpation including pulse taking(切診), while they contained little contents about auscultation(聞診) and interrogation or questioning(問診) relatively. For this reason, this study was conducted as on interrogation first of all. Methods : I looked into the contents related to interrogation that were scattered in plenty of books. There were chapters of specialty in interrogation since the Ming dynasty, so I looked into these chapters in chronological order. Results & Conclusions : The level of the contents of interrogation prior to the Ming dynasty were rudimentary and recapitulative. However, there was a turning point by three kinds of books appeared in the Ming dynasty. Yixuerumen Wenzheng dealt with detailed contents. Yixuezhunshengliuyao Wenbingbixiang extended the range of contents. Jingyuequanshu Shiwenpian systematized Eight Principle Pattern Identification(八綱辨證) with increase of contents. Since then, books of the Qing Dynasty were mostly based on three kinds of books ahead. Among these, Yimenfalu Yimingwenbingzhifa(醫門法律 一明問病之法) and Xingsewaizhenjianma wenfa(形色外診簡摩 問法) mentioned the importance of a succinct interrogation that hit the mark and Yibian Yiwenzheng dealt with another detailed contents unlike the previous books based on substantial contents.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.494-507
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• 2017

A three-dimensional physical part can be fabricated from a three-dimensional digital model in a layer-wise manner via additive manufacturing (AM) technology, which is different from the conventional subtractive manufacturing technology. Numerous studies have been conducted to take advantage of the AM opportunities to penetrate bespoke custom product markets, functional engineering part markets, volatile low-volume markets, and spare part markets. Nevertheless, materials issues, machines issues, product issues, and qualification/certification issues still prevent the AM technology from being extensively adopted in industries. The present study briefly reviews the standard classification, technological structures, industrial applications, technological advances, and qualification/certification activities of the AM technology. The economics, productivity, quality, and reliability of the AM technology should be further improved to pass through the technology adoption lifecycle of innovation technology. The AM technology is continuously evolving through the introduction of PM materials, hybridization of AM and conventional manufacturing technologies, adoption of process diagnostics and control systems, and enhanced standardization of the whole lifecycle qualification and certification methodology.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.365-369
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• 2012

Acanthamoeba spp. are single-celled protozoan organisms that are widely distributed in the environment. In this study, to understand functional roles of a mannose-binding protein (MBP), Acanthamoeba castellanii was treated with methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (mannose), and adhesion and cytotoxicity of the amoeba were analyzed. In addition, to understand the association of MBP for amoeba phagocytosis, phagocytosis assay was analyzed using non-pathogenic bacterium, Escherichia coli K12. Amoebae treated with mannose for 20 cycles exhibited larger vacuoles occupying the most area of the amoebic cytoplasm in comparison with the control group amoebae and glucose-treated amoebae. Mannose-selected amoebae exhibited lower levels of binding to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Exogenous mannose inhibited >50% inhibition of amoebae (control group) binding to CHO cells. Moreover, exogenous mannose inhibited amoebae (i.e., man-treated) binding to CHO cells by <15%. Mannose-selected amoebae exhibited significantly decreased cytotoxicity to CHO cells compared with the control group amoebae, 25.1% vs 92.1%. In phagocytic assay, mannose-selected amoebae exhibited significant decreases in bacterial uptake in comparison with the control group, 0.019% vs 0.03% (P<0.05). Taken together, it is suggested that mannose-selected A. castellanii trophozoites should be severely damaged and do not well interact with a target cell via a lectin of MBP.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.73-87
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• 1996

The outer-most electrons of metal atoms and the remining valence electrons of any molecular atoms make three dimensional crystallizing $\pi$-bondings. The electrons on the $\pi$-bonding orbital rotate clockwise or counter-clockwise and they then make electro-magnetic waves between atoms on the orbital because electron move between plus charged ions. The three dimensional crystallizing $\pi$-bonding orbitals are quantum-mechanically modeled by a cyclic Kronig-Penny Model and energy band structures are analyzed with their potential barrier thickness. The waves generated between plus charged ions are the particular $\pi$-far infrared rays, which have dual properties between material and electro-magnetic waves and can be measured not by modern electro-magnetic tester but biosensor such as finger's force tester. Because the $\pi$-rays can be modulated with electro-magnetic waves it can be applied for harmful electro-magnetic wave killers. Because the $\pi$-rays make new three dimensional crystallizing $\pi$-bonding orbitals in the material the food and drink can be transformed into a helpful physical constitutional property for human health. Distinction between crystalline and amorphous metals is possible because very strong crystalline $\pi$-bonding orbitals can not easily be transformed into another. The $\pi$-rays can also be applied for biofunctional diagnostics and therapy. Gravitational field is one of the electro-magnetic fields. And also magnetic field and gravitational force field make charge's movement. ($\times$ = q, : magnetic field, : force field, q: plus charge, : velocity field)

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.11
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• pp.2535-2542
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• 2020

To understand the fundamental parameters of Alvand tokamak, A Rogowski coil with an active integrator was designed and constructed. Considering the characteristics of the Alvand tokamak, the structural and electrical parameters affecting the sensor function, were designed. Calibration was performed directly in the presence of plasma. The sensor has a high resistance against interference of external magnetic fields. Plasma current was measured in various experiments. Based on the plasma current profile and loop voltage signal, the time evolution of plasma discharge was investigated and plasma behavior was analyzed. Alvand tokamak discharge was divided into several regions that represents different physical phenomena in the plasma. During the plasma discharge time, plasma had significant changes and its characteristic was not uniform. To understand the plasma behavior in each of the phases, the Rogowski sensor should have sufficient time resolution. The Rogowski sensor with a frequency up to 15 kHz was appropriate for this purpose.