• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.279-288
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• 2003

This study is the development of method on repairing concrete structure for progressing the durability of reinforced concrete. This method is wet spray method which compress and conduct mortar pre-mixed with polymer powder to hose by high pressure pump and spray it on the section of concrete structure through nozzle made specially. Characters of this method are that materials are selected with the sort of structure and the cause of deterioration and macro pores are removed in repaired section by conducting with high pressure and spraying with high velocity for progressing the durability of concrete structure. This study has carried out that the minimum capacity of rebound was measured with various condition and physical properties of sample made by spray method were estimated in comparing with sample made by previous hand method. Also, properties of long-term have carried out after this method was applied on site. According to experimental study, the capacity of rebound showed below 5% and physical properties of sample made by spray method were superior to that of sample made by hand method and physical and durable properties of long-term showed excellence.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.60-64
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• 2009

Paper is easily damaged by physical and chemical deterioration under several factors. Damaged paper cultural heritage is usually restored by Lining. A traditional method of Lining is attaching the lining paper behind the original paper cultural heritage using starch and water. It supports the weakened quality of paper. In Japan, paper cultural heritage is restored with "Washi" which is made from mixture of Paper mulberry and Japanese cedar. In the west, the lining paper made from Paper mulberry, which has extraordinary excellent conservativeness, is usually used as a restoration material for paper. But Japanese Washi has dominated the demand for restoration materials as the most preferred restoration paper, and most kinds of paper made from Paper mullbery have been called as 'Japanese paper'. Result showed that the strength of the Korean lining papers was generally higher than that of the Japanese ones. As a result from measuring the rate of dimensional change after water-immersion and drying, sample B of the Korean lining papers and sample E of the Japanese lining papers showed the highest stability.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.681-688
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 목공예품에 사용되는 천연 및 합성 접착제의 특성을 평가하고, 온습도 변화에 따른 접착제와 목재의 열화 양상을 비교하였다. 아교 1종, 폴리초산비닐계 접착제 3종, 에폭시계 접착제 1종와 느티나무 목재를 선정하여 물리적, 화학적 특성평가와 내후성, 건조속도 평가를 진행하였다. 접착제 특성평가를 통해 아교와 폴리초산비닐계 1종의 접착강도가 각각 6.54 N/㎟과 7.01 N/㎟으로 나타났으며, 아교는 pH 7.03, 폴리초산비닐계 접착제는 pH 3.32~3.59으로 접착제로써 사용가능한 범위인 것으로 확인되었다. 내후성 실험결과 에폭시계 접착제는 열화 후 접착강도 감소폭이 가장 높았다. 접착제에 대한 가역성 실험을 통해 에폭시를 제외하고 수용성용매인 NaOH에서 가역성이 높은 것으로 나왔으나 처리 시 목재에 변색이 나타날 수 있으므로 사용 시 주의가 필요하다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.605-614
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• 2015

본 연구는 주왕산국립공원의 주요 탐방로의 물리적 상태, 훼손 유형 및 환경피해도를 평가함으로써 탐방로의 유지관리와 복원을 위해 수행되었다. 주요 탐방로는 주봉 구간, 가메봉 구간, 장군봉~금은광이 구간, 월외 구간 등 4개 구간이다. 노선길이의 경우 주봉 구간 4.6km, 가메봉 구간 3.6km, 장군봉~금은광이 구간 5.6km, 월외 구간 5.9km이다. 물리적 상태의 경우 노폭은 주봉 구간이 가장 넓었고 장군봉~금은광이 구간이 가장 좁았다. 나지폭은 주봉 구간이 가장 넓었고 장군봉~금은광이 구간이 가장 좁았다. 침식깊이는 가메봉 구간이 가장 깊었고 월외 구간이 가장 얕았다. 경사는 장군봉~금은광이 구간이 가장 급했고 가메봉 구간이 가장 완만하였다. 토양경도는 가메봉 구간이 가장 높았고 월외 구간이 가장 낮았다. 훼손유형 출현 횟수의 경우 주봉 구간 71회, 가메봉 구간 62회, 장군봉~금은광이 구간 63회, 월외 구간 78회로 나타났다. 환경피해도의 경우 노면침식은 I등급과 II등급이 유사하였으며, 나머지는 I등급이 대체적으로 많기 때문에 건전한 상태인 것으로 생각된다. 향후 탐방로의 지속적인 관리를 위해서는 다양한 환경요소를 고려한 종합적인 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다. 그리고 훼손된 탐방로는 주변 환경과 생태계를 고려한 복원계획의 수립이 필요하다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.90-107
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• 2013

서울 태종 헌릉 신도비는 조선시대 제3대 임금인 태종 이방원의 생애와 업적을 영원히 기리기 위해 1424년(세종 4년)에 세운 것이다. 신도비는 임진왜란(壬辰倭亂) 때 병화(兵禍)로 인해 훼손되었으나 보수하지 못하여 1695년(숙종 21년)에 구비 옆에 신비를 조성하여 제작시기를 달리하는 2개의 신도비가 위치하고 있다. 구비는 담회색의 중립질 흑운모화강암(귀부)과 유백색의 결정질석회암(비신, 이수)으로 구성되어 있다. 구비의 귀부는 괴상 탈락이 심각하여 원래의 모습을 확인하기 어려운 실정이며 비신에는 균열이 수직상으로 발달하고 표면에 박리박락으로 인해 일부 비문의 확인이 어려운 상태이다. 비파괴 기법을 이용한 전체적인 훼손율을 살펴볼 때, 정면이 88.0%, 후면이 37.9%로 정면에서 높은 훼손율을 나타냈으며, 특히 비신의 경우 물리적 훼손과 표면변색이 복합적으로 발생한 상태로 비신의 정면 하부에 훼손이 심각하다. 구비의 우측에 재건된 신비는 구비와 동일한 암석 구성을 확인하였으며 두 비석을 대상으로 초음파속도를 이용하여 풍화도지수를 산출한 결과, 구비의 귀부는 0.10, 비신은 0.74로 산출되었다. 이는 임재왜란 시 화재로 인한 열 충격 및 타격으로 의한 물리적 충격으로 급격히 열화된 상태에서 오랜 시간 보호각 없이 방치되어 자연풍화가 가속화된 것으로 판단된다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.76-80
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• 2013

Purpose: The objective of this study was to offer primary clinical data examining whether change of imaging structure and quantitative evaluation of muscle activity on myofascial trigger points can lead to implementation of an analytical technique for evaluation of myofascial pain diagnoses. In addition, we examined the effect of a variety of mediation techniques, in order to examine neuromuscular physiological characteristics of myofascial trigger points muscle by comparing differences in pressure pain threshold and ultrasound imaging. Methods: Participants in the study included 30 adults in their twenties. The subjects were divided into the normal and myofascial trigger points groups. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by pressure pain threshold for pain and ultrasound imaging was performed for evaluation of the structural characteristics of muscle. Independent t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The two groups showed statistical significance in the change in pressure pain threshold (p<0.05). Findings of ultrasound imaging analysis showed no significant differences, increased muscle thickness was observed (p>0.05). Findings of ultrasound imaging analysis showed significant differences, increased muscle echodensity was observed (p<0.05). Findings on ultrasound imaging analysis showed significant differences, increased muscle white area index was observed (p<0.05). Conclusion: From these results, active myofascial trigger points muscle showed quality deterioration on ultrasound imaging. Thorough evaluation of imaging structure and physiological characteristics can be useful quantitative analytical techniques for diagnosis of myofascial pain syndrome and a primary factor reflected in physical therapy intervention.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2022

Educational reform in Ukraine encourages the use of multimedia technologies in the training of specialists in Physical Education and Sports, which is one of the promising directions of education development. Therefore, the article specifies the content of the terms "innovation" and "technology". For modern society, the introduction of multimedia technologies in education is not so much theoretical as pragmatic, since under condition of globalization it concerns its historical development and prospects associated with the so-called "high technologies".Our goal is to improve the training of Physical Education and Sports specialists by means of multimedia technologies. All of innovative technologies can be divided into four groups, depending on the appropriate form of educational activity for their use. The development of multimedia technologies in the training of specialists in Physical Education and Sport at the present stage of education development should be carried out in accordance with the criteria of manufacturability, which are presented in the article: scientism, to rely on the theoretical provisions of pedagogical science and methods of teaching the discipline, socially recognized educational goals, prospects for modernization of Education; consistency, which provides for the interaction of parts and the whole in the organization of the study environment, as a result of which the physical development of the young generation is an integral entity; guarantee, that is, the error between the planned and obtained results should be minimal; manageability, that is, full management of the stages of work of the teacher and students, which make up the completed cycle of actions; mass participation, for the purpose of applying the technology does not depend on the physical training of students, the pedagogical skill of the teacher and the type of educational institutions. The article presents the theory and method of organizing sports events and circuses in the training of specialists in Physical Education and Sports by means of multimedia technologies. In order to increase the level of physical development of a person, physical fitness and the state of health of students, which has a clear trend to constant deterioration, it is necessary to instill love for sports, carry out high-quality training and organize sports events using multimedia technologies. In the process of sports activities, the participants' mental education is carried out. There are two types of communication here: direct and indirect, which are described in the article.In games and sports competitions, there are many opportunities for forming rules of collective behavior. The main issues of the organization of sports activities by means of multimedia technologies have been clarified. During sports competitions, the tasks presented in Physical Education and sports classes are improved, which ensure the improvement of physical and theoretical training of the individual. The pleasure of sports, bright, emotional spectacles, confirmed by multimedia technologies, arises from the participation of the viewer in them.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.85-88
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of active abduction exercise of the great toe on the medial and lateral sesamoid bones in hallux valgus (HV) patients by measuring radiography. Methods: In this study 27 young subjects were separated into two groups (normal group and HV group). Two pictures were taken by radiography while maintaining resting and while holding maximal active abduction of the great toe in sitting position on an x-ray table. All radiographs were used to measure the distance of the medial and lateral sesamoid bone from the longitudinal axis of the first metatarsal bone, respectively. Paired t-test was used for analysis of the resting and active abduction exercise in groups. Independent t-test was used to evaluate statistical significance between normal group and HV group. The statistical significance level was p<0.05. Results: In active abduction exercise of the normal group, distance of the medial and lateral sesamoid bones was not significantly different compared to resting condition. In active abduction exercise of the HV group, change of distance of the medial and lateral sesamoid bones showed statistically significant difference compared to resting condition. The distance between the medial sesamoid bone showed a more significant decrease in the HV vs. normal group, while the distance between the lateral sesamoid bone was significantly greater in the HV vs. normal group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that active abduction exercises, to reduce or prevent deterioration of the HV angle, should be considered for sesamoid bone displacement to improve muscle balance in the great toe.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.66-77
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• 2022

Objective: This study is a systematic review conducted to analyze the environmental factors that cause falls in the older adult. Design: Systematic review Methods: The study was conducted by searching the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korean studies Information Service System (KISS), and Data Base Periodical Information Academic (DBpia) databases for literature published in South Korea up to July 2020. A total of 12 studies were selected for analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The results of the analysis revealed that all the selected literature were surveys and the study subjects were 65 years of age and above. The sample size ranged from a minimum of 95 subjects to a maximum of 3,278. A total of eight tools were used to measure the environmental factors associated with falls. The prevalence and recurrence of falls increase with age and deterioration of health. Older adult individuals who experience falls encounter difficulties in recovering from impaired physical function and disability; moreover, in severe cases, falls may lead to death. Falls are largely associated with a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic (i.e., environmental) factors. The purpose of this study was to assess potential extrinsic risk factors for falls. Falls occur in indoor environments, such as washrooms, bathrooms and living rooms, and outdoor environments, including roads and stairways, depending on the season, time of day, and use of ambulatory aids. In such environments, falls are mainly caused by slipping and stuttering. Conclusions: Therefore, as the rate of fall is influenced by several factors, extrinsic factors should be improved by developing comprehensive accident prevention programs that address the improvement of environmental risk factors around places of residence to reduce risk factors among the older adult, who, especially, are at a high risk for falls.

• 암석학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.207-222
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• 2018

국립고궁박물관 소장 천상열차분야지도 각석 및 복각천상열차분야지도 각석은 우리나라의 전통 천문학 수준을 실증하는 대표적인 과학문화유산이다. 태조본 각석은 암갈색 점판암, 숙종본 각석은 회백색 백운암으로 서로 다른 암석으로 제작되었다. 태조본 점판암은 석영, 백운모, 백운석의 광물조성을 보였으며, 숙종본 백운암은 백운석, 고토감람석, 방해석으로 구성되어 있다. 태조본 각석은 숙종본에 비해 손상이 심화되어 있으며 주요한 손상인자는 균열 및 탈락이다. 숙종본에서는 긁힘과 인위적인 오염물이 관찰되었다. 태조본 및 숙종본 각석 측면과 후면에 나타나는 녹색 및 흑색 표면오염물은 수지 기반의 페인트 물질로 해석된다. 한편, 초음파 물성평가에서 태조본 각석은 좌측면 상부가, 숙종본 각석은 전면 우측부가 저속도대를 보인다. 태조본각석의 안정성을 저해하는 주요 균열에 대해 To-Tc법으로 발달 상태를 조사한 결과, 균열의 전개부 및 중심부에서 가장 깊은 심도가 측정되었다.