• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.217-244
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• 2008

전자정보기술의 발달로 인해 도서관 서비스제공은 정보화시스템에 대한 의존 비중이 커져가고 있다. 이러한 상황의 변화에 따라 본 연구는 이용자의 도서관 정보화에 대한 성과지각과 정보화를 통한 이용 만족은 전반적 만족에 중요한 선행요인이 될 것으로 추론하였다. 뿐만 아니라 기존 연구는 대체로 도서관의 서비스제공측면에서 이용자의 인식이나 만족을 조사하였으나 본 연구는 시각을 달리하여 이용자측면에서 단순 열람목적의 일반적 이용과, 전문정보구득 목적의 전문적 이용패턴이 정보화 성과지각에 어떻게 다르게 영향을 미치는지에 대해서 조사하였다. 또한 서비스품질차원이 정보화성과지각과 이용만족에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 마지막으로 서비스품질차원이 정보화성과지각과 이용만족에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 실증분석 결과는 첫째, 도서관 이용자의 열람 등 일반적 목적 이용이 정보화성과지각에 영향을 미치는지 검증하고자 하였으나 유의한 수준에 미치지 못했다. 둘째, 도서관 이용자의 특정 정보구득 등 전문적 목적의 이용이 정보화성과지각에 유의한 정의 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 일반적 서비스품질인 상호작용품질, 결과품질, 물리적환경품질 차원은 정보화성과지각에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으나 정보화이용만족에는 유의하지 않았다. 마지막으로, 도서관 이용자의 정보화성과지각과 정보화이용만족이 전반적인 만족을 선행하고 있음을 밝혔다. 이를 통해 도서관의 정보화시스템을 어떻게 이용자중심으로 체계화하여 발전시킬 것인지에 대해 심층적인 고찰이 필요함을 확인하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.103-120
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• 1967

As pointed out by many previous investigators, the cardio-pulmonary system of well trained athletes is so adapted that they can perform a given physical exercise more efficiently as compared to non-trained persons. However, the time course of the development of these cardio-pulmonary adaptations has not been extensively studied in the past. Although the development of these training effects is undoubtedly related to the magnitude of an exercise load which is repeatedly given, it would be practical if one could maintain a good physical fitness with a minimal daily exercise. Hence, the present investigation was undertaken to study the time course of the development of cardio-pulmonary adaptations while a group of non-athletes was subjected to a daily 6 to 10 minutes running exercise for a period of 4 weeks. Six healthy male medical students (22 to 24 years old) were randomly selected as experimental subjects, and were equally divided into two groups (A and B). Both groups were subjected to the same daily running exercise (approximately 1,000 kg-m). 6 days a week for 4 weeks, but the rate of exercise was such that the group A ran on treadmill with 8.6% grade for 10 min daily at a speed of 127 m/min while the group B ran for 6 min at a speed of 200 m/min. In order to assess the effects of these physical trainings on the cardio-pulmonary system, the minute volume, the $O_2$ consumption, the $CO_2$ output and the heart rate were determined weekly while the subject was engaged in a given running exercise on treadmill (8.6% grade and 127 m/min) for a period of 5 min. In addition, the arterial blood pressure, the cardiac output, the acid-base state of arterial blood and the gas composition of arterial blood were also determined every other week in 4 subjects (2 from each group) while they were engaged in exercise on a bicycle ergometer at a rate of approximately 900 kg m/min until exhaustion. The maximal work capacity was also determined by asking the subject to engage in exercise on treadmill and ergometer until exhaustion. For the measurement of minute volume, the expired gas was collected in a Douglas bag. The $O_2$ consumption and the $CO_2$ output were subsequently computed by analysing the expired gas with a Scholander micro gas analyzer. The heart rate was calculated from the R-R interval of ECG tracings recorded by an Offner RS Dynograph. A 19 gauge Cournand needle was inserted into a brachial artery, through which arterial blood samples were taken. A Statham $P_{23}AA$ pressure transducer and a PR-7 Research Recorder were used for recording instantaneous arterial pressure. The cardiac output was measured by indicator (Cardiogreen) dilution method. The results may be summarized as follows: (1) The maximal running time on treadmill increased linearly during the 4 week training period at the end of which it increased by 2.8 to 4.6 times. In general, an increase in the maximal running time was greater when the speed was fixed at a level at which the subject was trained. The mammal exercise time on bicycle ergometer also increased linearly during the training period. (2) In carrying out a given running exercise on treadmill (8.6%grade, 127 m/min), the following changes in cardio·pulmonary functions were observed during the training period: (a) The minute volume as well as the $O_2$ consumption during steady state exercise tended to decrease progressively and showed significant reductions after 3 weeks of training. (b) The $CO_2$ production during steady state exercise showed a significant reduction within 1 week of training. (c) The heart rate during steady state exercise tended to decrease progressively and showed a significant reduction after 2 weeks of training. The reduction of heart rate following a given exercise tended to become faster by training and showed a significant change after 3 weeks. Although the resting heart rate also tended to decrease by training, no significant change was observed. (3) In rallying out a given exercise (900 kg-m/min) on a bicycle ergometer, the following change in cardio-vascular functions were observed during the training period: (3) The systolic blood pressure during steady state exercise was not affected while the diastolic blood Pressure was significantly lowered after 4 weeks of training. The resting diastolic pressure was also significantly lowered by the end of 4 weeks. (b) The cardiac output and the stroke volume during steady state exercise increased maximally within 2 weeks of training. However, the resting cardiac output was not altered while the resting stroke volume tended to increase somewhat by training. (c) The total peripheral resistance during steady state exercise was greatly lowered within 2 weeks of training. The mean circulation time during exorcise was also considerably shortened while the left heart work output during exercise increased significantly within 2 weeks. However, these functions_at rest were not altered by training. (d) Although both pH, $P_{co2}\;and\;(HCO_3-)$ of arterial plasma decreased during exercise, the magnitude of reductions became less by training. On the other hand, the $O_2$ content of arterial blood decreased during exercise before training while it tended to increase slightly after training. There was no significant alteration in these values at rest. These results indicate that cardio-pulmonary adaptations to physical training can be acquired by subjecting non-athletes to brief daily exercise routine for certain period of time. Although the time of appearance of various adaptive phenomena is not identical, it may be stated that one has to engage in daily exercise routine for at least 2 weeks for the development of significant adaptive changes.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.4404-4415
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• 2014

본 연구는 종합 병원 간호사들의 직무만족도와 이직의도와의 관련성을 규명하고자 경북지역의 3개 종합병원에 근무하고 있는 간호사 312명을 대상으로 2013년 2월 25일부터 3월 16일까지의 기간 동안에 구조화된 자기기입식 설문지(self-administered questionnaire)를 사용한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과, 조사대상 간호사들의 이직의도는 직무만족도 및 직무만족도하위영역인 전문직업적 수준, 업무의 자율성, 행정업무력, 보수, 직무과업과 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 직무만족도 총 점수가 높은 군보다 낮은 군에서, 업무자율성이 높은 군보다 낮은 군에서, 행정업무력이 높은 군보다 낮은 군에서, 보수가 높은 군보다 낮은 군에서 고위험 이직의도 군에 속할 위험비가 유의하게 증가하였다. 위계적 다중회귀분석 결과, 이직의도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 학력, 수면의 질, 근무경력, 직위, 월수입, 업무 만족도, 업무에 대한 적성여부, 간호직 선택동기 및 업무의 육체적 부담정도, 직무 만족도가 유의한 변수로 선정되었다. 이상과 같은 결과를 볼 때, 조사대상 간호사들의 직무만족도와 이직의도 간에는 유의한 음의 상관관계가 있어, 직무만족도가 낮을수록 이직의도는 높아지는 경향을 보였으며, 직업관련 특성과 직무만족도 변수가 이직의도에 크게 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.395-407
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• 2016

본 연구는 G-Theory를 적용하여 태권도 품새 평가항목에 대한 채점자 간 평가점수의 신뢰도를 추정하기 위해 G-연구로 경기일 수, 채점자 수를 다중오차원으로 선정하고 이들 변인간의 상호작용으로 인한 오차변량의 상대적 크기에 의해 오차원을 분석하고, G-연구의 결과를 토대로 D-연구를 수행하여 최적의 측정조건을 결정하는 데 목적이 있다. 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. G-Theory를 적용하여 태권도 품새 평가항목 중 정확성에 대해 분산성분 추정치를 추정한 결과, 오차의 영향력은 채점자국면에서 가장 크게 나타났으며, 각 설계에 따른 상호효과 (피험자 내), 피험자 간 순서였으며, 표현성 평가항목에 대한 분산성분 추정치 오차의 영향력은 상호효과 (피험자 내)국면에서 가장 크게 나타났으며, 각 설계에 따른 피험자 간, 채점자 국면 순으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 D-연구를 통하여 일반화가능도계수를 추정한 결과, 채점자 수에 따른 최적수준의 측정조건은 정확성 평가항목에서 8명의 채점자일 때 안정적인 신뢰도를 얻을 수 있으며, 표현성 평가항목에서는 7명의 채점자일 때 안정적인 신뢰도를 얻었다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.12-25
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of aerobic rhythmical exercise program on $VO_2$ max, leg strength, grip strength, flexibility, exercise self-efficacy and quality of life in elderly. This quai-experimental study was designed as a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest study. 36 subjects, aged between 65 and 73 years who have normal cognition. sensory function and cerebellum function participated in this study. 19 experimental group subjects participated aerobic rhythmical exercise program. Aerobic rhythmical exercise program was developed on the basis of calisthenics, stretching, aerobic exercise, Korean traditional dance and music by the author. The program consisted of approximately 1 hours of exercise, 3 times a week for 9 weeks. During 1 hours workout, there were 15 minutes of warm-up dancing, 35 minutes of conditioning dance and 10 minutes of cool-down dancing. The intensity for the conditioning phase was between $40\%\;and\;60\%$ of age adiusted maximum heart rates. The $VO_2$ max, grip strength, leg strength, flexibility, exercise self-efficacy and quality of life were measured prior to and following the experimental treatment. Data were analyzed with $x^2-test$, t-test, mean, standard deviation. percentage of change and ANCOVA test using SAS program. Results were obtained as follows. 1. The $VO_2$ max of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group following the aerobic rhythmical exercise program(F=7.76, p=0.008). 2. The grip strength of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group following the aerobic rhythmical exercise program(F=4.61, p=0.039). 3. The leg strength of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group following the aerobic rhythmical exercise program(F=9.29, p=0.000). 4. The was no significantly difference of flexibility between experimental and control group 5. The self-efficacy of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group following the aerobic rhythmical exercise program(F=43.40, p=0.000). 6. The quality of life of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group following the aerobic rhythmical exercise program(F=8.91. p=0.005). The results suggest that aerobic rhythmical exercise program can improve $VO_2$ max, grip strength. leg strength. exercise self-efficacy and quality of life elderly. Thus. aerobic rhythmical exercise program was a useful nursing intervention for elderly.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.555-562
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Childhood obesity has become a global epidemic. Development of effective and sustainable programs to promote healthy behaviors from a young age is important. This study developed and tested an intervention program designed to promote healthy eating and physical activity among young children in South Korea by adaptation of the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Mission X (MX) Program. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The intervention program consisted of 4 weeks of fitness and 2 weeks of nutrition education. A sample of 104 subjects completed pre- and post- surveys on the Children's Nutrition Acknowledgement Test (NAT). Parents were asked for their children's characteristics and two 24-hour dietary records, the Nutrition Quotient (NQ) at baseline and a 6-week follow-up. Child weight status was assessed using Korean body mass index (BMI) percentiles. RESULTS: At baseline, 16.4% (boy: 15.4%; girl: 19.2%) of subjects were overweight or obese (based on $BMI{\geq}85%tile$). Fat consumption significantly decreased in normal BMI children ($48.6{\pm}16.8g$ at baseline to $41.9{\pm}18.1g$ after intervention, P < 0.05); total NQ score significantly increased from 66.4 to 67.9 (P < 0.05); total NAT score significantly improved in normal BMI children (74.3 at baseline to 81.9 after the program), children being underweight (from 71.0 to 77.0), and overweight children (77.1 at baseline vs. 88.2 after intervention, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The 6-week South Korean NASA MX project is feasible and shows favorable changes in eating behaviors and nutritional knowledge among young children.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.245-263
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the thermoregulatory behavior of young males in terms of self-identified thermal tolerance. We recruited 436 male students from Seoul ($24.0{\pm}4.6yr$ in age, $175.3{\pm}5.5cm$ in height, $70.1{\pm}10.6kg$ in body mass, and $23.0{\pm}2.7$ in BMI) in accordance with four types of self-identified thermal tolerance: 1) tolerable of both cold and heat, BCH (N=15); 2) heat tolerable only, HTO (N=118); 3) cold tolerable only, CTO (N=162); and 4) neither cold nor heat tolerable, NCH (N=141). The questionnaire consisted of 55 questions regarding preference to cold or heat environment, seasonal thermoregulatory behaviors including clothing habits, seasonal sleeping environments, health care/physical fitness, and anthropometric items. The results showed that: 1) BCH preferred less auxiliary heating devices, gloves/hats, or thermal underwear in winter and had very few experiences with cold/heat injuries or catching a cold, whereas NCH showed the opposite behavior and experiences as BCH; 2) thermoregulatory behaviors were not symmetrical between summer and winter. Most male students preferred cold beverage/foods to using cooling devices to lower body temperature in summer, whereas auxiliary heating devices were preferred to warm beverage/foods to maintain body temperature in winter; 3) thermoregulatory behaviors of NCH had more items in common with HTO than CTO, while the behaviors of BCH were more closely related to CTO than the behaviors of BCH were more closely related to CTO than HTO. Overall, we confirmed that thermoregulatory behaviors were apparently classified by self-identified thermal tolerance, and such behaviors could be adjusted by improving cold or heat tolerance.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.16-27
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of obesity and to examine the eating habits of elementary school students in Iksan dity. The study was carried out on 292 students(male: 151, female : 141)in May of 1997. The average height and weight of the subjects were 141 cm and 37kg in males and 142 cm and 36kg in females, which were similar to the average of Chonbuk. A Weight/Length Index(WLI), Broca Index, Rohrer Index(RI), Body Mass Index(BMI) and Waist Hip Ratio(WHR) were used as an obesity index to classify degree of obesity. WLI, Broca Index and RI were proper for judging child obesity and strict judgments were conducted in the order of RI, WLI and Brcoa Index. The subjects were classified as 30.8% underweight, 43.5% normal, 8.2% overweight and 17.5% obese by WLI and there were significant differences between height(p＜0.05) and weight(p＜0.01) according to obesity degree among the four groups. 50.3% of the boys and 55.3% of the girls are regularly, and the main reason they didn＇t ate regularly, and the maim reason they didn＇t eat breakfast(78.4%) was due to lack of time. The frequency of snacks were 1-2 times a week(40.4%), fruits(40.4%) from market and supermarket(68.2%). According to the survey 84.6%, 77.45, 78.1%, 69.9%, 59.9% and 86.6% of subjects didn＇t eat meat, fish, soysauce, instant food, sugar and seaweed respectively. Seaweed, meat, and soysauce showed low preferences. 69.5% and 74.75 of the subjects drink milk and ate kimchi respectively. By analyzing eating habits according to the degree of obesity, the rate of skipping breakfast(p＜0.01), and eating meat or fish(p＜0.05) were high in the overweight and obese groups of girls. In the boys case, the rate of not eating food in sugar(p＜0.05) was high in the obese group. Obese children need to correct their eating habit. This reasserts the importance of nutrition education in children though teachers, parents, and dietitions. The findings of this study may be applied to nutrition education to ensure better physical fitness for children.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.848-859
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• 2020

본 연구는 2010년부터 2020년 상반기까지 지난 10년간 노인들에게 우울증과 관련하여 운동프로그램을 적용한 국내 선행문헌 42편을 연구대상으로 선정하여 선행연구 특성, 운동프로그램 적용기간, 운동프로그램 구성, 노인 우울증에 대한 운동프로그램 효과에 대해 분석하였고 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 선행문헌에서 대부분 여성 노인과 혼성을 대상으로 한 연구가 대부분을 차지하였고 남성 노인을 대상으로 한 연구는 나타나지 않았다. 연령은 65세 이상이 대부분을 차지하였고, 피험자 수는 50명 이하가 가장 많이 차지하였다. 그룹에서는 운동군/통제군이 있는 선행연구가 대부분이었고 참여기관 및 지역은 거주지역/공공기관 및 요양시설이 대부분을 차지하였다. 둘째, 운동프로그램 적용기간은 기간은 12주 이상 적용한 선행연구가 대부분이었고, 주당 운동 빈도는 1-2회와 3-4회가 대부분을 차지하였다. 1회 운동시간에서 60분의 운동프로그램을 적용한 선행문헌이 대부분을 차지하였다. 셋째, 운동프로그램 구성 내용은 유산소 운동과 유·무산소가 복합된 복합운동으로 구성한 선행문헌이 대부분을 차지하였다. 넷째, 운동프로그램 효과에 대해서는 체력요소에 효과가 나타났으며 우울증과 인지기능에서 운동의 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.291-299
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• 1999

일부 농촌지역의 시설노인의 인지기능과 일상생활 수행능력을 중심으로 건강상태를 측정하고자 하였다. 전라남도 10개의 노인복지시설에 수용된 485명 중 466명(96.1%)을 대상으로 조사를 하였다. 조사내용은 사회인구학적 특성, MMSE, ADL, IADL, 및 COOP chart이었다. 남자가 148명(31.8%)이었고 여자는 318명(68.2%)이었다. 평균연령은 남자 $73{\pm}8.2$, 여자 $79{\pm}8.5$세였다. 인지기능은 남자 45명(30.4%), 여자 115명(36.2%)에서 중증 인지기능장애를 나타내었다. ADL은 6항목 전체를 독립적으로 수행하는 경우가 남자 74명(50.0%), 여자 136명(42.8%)으로 나타났고, 6항목 전체를 수행하지 못하는 경우는 남자 46명(31.1%) 여자 83명(26.1%)으로 나타났다. IADL은 남자에서는 교통수단 이용 불가가 78명(52.7%)으로 다른 항목에 비해서 높았고, 여자에서는 빨래하기 항목이 가장 낮은 수행률을 보였다. COOP 차트로 살펴본 건강상태는 남녀 모두에서 신체기능에 비해서 감정상태와 사회활동에서 좋은 점수를 보였다.