• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.11-26
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to understand the influence of non-verbal communication of coffee shop employees on brand image and customer satisfaction. Based on a total of 317 samples obtained for empirical research, this study reviewed the reliability and fitness of the research model and verified a total of 3 hypotheses using the AMOS program. The hypothesized relationships in the model were simultaneously tested through the use of a structural equation model(SEM). The proposed model provided an adequate data fit, ${\chi}^2=434.380$ (p<0.001), df=178, CMIN/DF=2.440, GFI=0.886, AGFI=0.852, NFI=0.900, CFI=0.938, RMSEA=0.068. The model's fit, as indicated by these indexes, was deemed satisfactory, thus providing a good basis for testing the hypothesized paths. The SEM showed that kinesics(${\beta}=.311$), paralanguage(${\beta}=.242$), physical appearance(${\beta}=.382$) and proxemics(${\beta}=.481$) had a significant positive influence on brand image. In addition, brand image(${\beta}=.217$) had a significant positive influence on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the effect of coffee shop employee non-verbal communication on customer satisfaction was found to be partially mediated by the brand image.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.607-628
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare gifted and non-gifted high school students on their perceptions of success, grit, aspirations, and achievement goal orientation. Of the 550 high school students surveyed from 4 high schools (i.e., two schools for gifted, two school for non-gifted) in three metropolitan cities, Korea, 496 (i.e., 153 gifted and 343 non-gifted) completed and returned the questionnaire yielding a total response rate of 90.18%. Measures of students' grit (i.e., consistency of interest, and perseverance of effort), aspirations (i.e., intrinsic aspirations - physical fitness, self-growth, affiliation, community contribution, and extrinsic aspirations - financial success, image, fame), achievement goal orientation (i.e., mastery, performance approach and performance avoidance), and perceptions of success (i.e., Success in life is pretty much determined by forces outside our control.) were administered. It was found that the majority of gifted students and non-gifted students perceived that "success is outside our control.", and chose 'hard-working' as the most influential factor on their success. 60.4% of non-gifted students chose 'wealthy family background' as the other most influential factor, whereas only 48.2% of gifted did. Gifted students had higher 'consistency of interest' and 'mastery goals' than non-gifted students. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that grit (i.e., perseverance of effort) was the crucial contributors for enhancing both gifted and non-gifted students' mastery goals and performance approach goals. Results are discussed in relation to theoretical implications and school settings.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2018

In this study, we developed a smart 1RM system for national health management and physical fitness, which enables quantitative 1RM measurement in various types of exercise using digital pulley technology, and to test the effect on training by using it. We developed the smart 1RM system, which is composed of portable muscle strength measuring device, Bluetooth communication based mobile phone data transmission and circuit diagram, and height adjustable system body. We recruited the 30 participants with 20th aged and divided into training and non-performing groups with 15 participants randomly. The participants performed 5 sets of elbow, lumbar, knee extension / flexion 10 times using smart 1RM system and the experimental period was 3 days a week for a total of 8 weeks. The experimental results showed that the maximum strength of the elbow, lumbar, and knee joints was significantly improved before and after maximal muscle strength training in the training group. Oxygen intakes during 1RM exercise mode showed 10.91% than endurance. To verify the validity of the smart 1RM maximal strength data, the reliability was 0.895 (* p <0.00). This study can be applied to the early rehabilitation treatment of the elderly and rehabilitation patients more quantitatively using the national health care.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.343-351
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects in the muscle function following 8-week dead-lift training with Whole-body Vibration(WBV) in rehabilitation for sports players. Method : Twenty young sports players. Each subjects were randomly assigned to a resistance training with Whole-body vibration group(TG, n=10), a resistance training without Whole-body vibration group(CG, N=10). The measurements which physical fitness test and joint torque test were performed before the randomization and after the 4-week and 8-week. The WBV group performed the dynamic Dead-lift exercise on a vibration platform during one minute. The CG group performed the equal training without vibration. The WBV and CON group repeated 5 set and trained two times weekly for 8-weeks. Paired t-test was used to test for differences between the groups at baseline and after 4-weeks and 8-Weeks. And independent t-test was used to test for differences between the groups at TG and CG. All analyses were executed using SPSS software 18.0. The level of significance was set at p<.050. Results : Following the 8-Weeks training sessions, an increase in the back-muscle strength was found to be greater for the TG compared with the CG group(p<.05). Muscle endurance was significantly decreased after training than before training only for the CG(p<.05). Isometric Hip/Lumber Extension/Flextion measurement was found to be significantly greater for the TG compared with the CG group(p<.05). The finding indicates that WBV effects as an efficient training stimulus to enhance muscle function by facilitating neural control trail. Following muscle activation in motor unit synchronization of the co-contraction of the muscles. Conclusion : The results imply that the WBV training may have enhanced muscle function in rehabilitation for sports players.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.348-356
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• 2015

In 2026, in ten years from now, Korea is expected to enter into a super aged society. By facing this social phenomenon, analyzing the elderlies and preparing measures are needed among society. In the transportation field, the traffic accidents which are related to the elderly pedestrians have drastically increased so that R&D projects and policy supplementations are introduced. However very few base studies on which focused on the behavior, capability, impact factors analysis of for elderly pedestrians are conducted. To determine the walking capability, this study divided the walking capability into 3 three categories - general, health and exercise. It carries out the comprehensive survey targeting 52 elderlies with the average age of 72.6 years and this survey is made up of total 12 factors in the 3 three categories. This survey also is conducted with various measuring devices and methods such as interview, National Fitness Award, SPBB, Cybex and the like for. From the 12 detailed factors, the general factors such as age, physical shape and so forth have little impact on the walking speed. However the factors that have the greatest impact on the walking speed are extensor muscle on lower limbs in the health factors and balance, coordination, and SPPB in the exercise factors. With these results, this study develops the independent walking model which can measure the walking capability of the elderly people. The developed model is expected to be utilized as the base study for elderly's walking patterns in the transportation field by examining the walking capability of the older people.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.143-160
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• 1998

PURPOSE This studied the biomechanical body segment parameters of Korean adults with reference to Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM). We anlyzed the characteristics of Sasang constitution through Body Measurement, Immersion Method, and Reaction Board Method. SUBJECT Subjects were 72 persons. There were made 49 and Female 23. Mean age was . And There were Taeumin 30, Soyangin 17, and Soeumin 25. METHOD The items of Body Measurement were 51. Limbs were measured right side. Volume was gained with Immersion Method and Weight was calculated with the density equation for limbs from Drills and Contini. Center of Mass was gained with Reaction Board Method. RESULT 1. In Body Measurement there were the significant differences with each constitution of man's circumference. 2. In Volume there were the significant differences between Taeumin and Soeumin in mand. And the volume rate of head and neck, hand, and foot was the lowest in Taeumin, but the highest in Soeumin. 3. In center of mass Soyangin was higher than others.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1651-1657
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• 2009

Physical activity and exercise can promote sensorimotor recovery from central nerve injury. It has been suggested that the functional recovery promoted by exercise training after spinal cord injury might be associated with insulin-like growth factor-I in the inflicted muscle. To investigate morphological and biochemical change of the soleus muscle after spinal cord injury, all tissues were used for H&E, immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. Also, BBB-test was used to evaluate behavioral improvement after spinal cord contusion. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats ($230{\pm}10\;g$; 7week in age) were assigned equally to three different groups; Normal (n=10), SCI (n=10), SCI+TMT (n=10). Every rat in SCI and SCI+TMT groups underwent laminectomy at T9 level and then contusion on the exposed spinal cord site in anesthetized condition. After one week-recovery from contusion, every rat in the SCI+TMT group exercised on a motorized treadmill for 30min/d, 5d/wk for 7wks. TMT followed by injury increased IGF-I induction levels in the soleus muscle and inhibited muscle atrophy. Behavioral scales for 4 and 8 weeks after spinal cord injury were improved in the SCI+TMT group compared to the SCI group. These results suggest that treadmill exercise after spinal cord injury might promote functional recovery along with muscle regrowth through the up-regulation of IGF-1 in muscle tissue.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.101-109
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyse the actual condition of leisure activity in the case of Korea Science Academy students(KSA) and Min Jok Leadership Academy(MLA) students. The participants consisted of KSA students(male:122, female:44) and MLA students(male:71, female:113) with voluntary consent. 1) KSA and MLA's male students showed the highest ratio for participation in the sports, KSA's female students in the taste-culture activity and MLA's female students in the sight-seeing. 2) Mental stress treatment showed the highest ratio in the response to the question asking the principal straight motive of leisure activity, and $75\sim80%$ students considered the leisure activity as an important means to maintain health and physical fitness. 3) The students's 30% answered that they participate by themselves, and KSA male's 51% and female's 40%, MLA male's 40% and female's 48% participated in leisure. Activity planlessly. 4) In weekdays, KSA's male students enjoyed mostly the sport for leisure activity, but taste-culture activity showed the bighest ratio in the case of MLA students and KSA female students. 5)The mae students, 38% of KSA and 54% students of MLA did not play computer game at al in weekdays, and 70% of the female students in total did not play computer game. KSA's male students spent more time in playing computer game than MLA's male students did 6) The biggest reason for being unable to participate in the leisure activity was the insuficiency of time due to homework or studying for quiz. The laziness also showed high po-centage of $19\sim25%$ varying between the groups.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to determine whether administration of a standardized gindeng extract at 300 mg.$d^1$ for 8 weeks could enhance maximum aerobic and anaerobic exercise capabilities and whether any changes of such effects can be occurred when exercise training was added. Forty-one male university students were randomly divided into four groups as ginseng-untrained (GU, n=10), ginseng-trained (GT, n=10), placebo-untrained (PU, n=10), and placebo-trained (PT, n=11). The trained groups underwent 8 weeks of aerobic exercise at 65% of individual's maximum oxygen consumption ($Vo_2$ max) for 30 min.$d^1$, 3d.$wk^1$. Prior to and at the end of experiment, $Vo_2$ max, anaerobic power (AP), anaerobic capacity (AC), and leg muscle strength were determined and some physiological parameters related to $Vo_2$ max were measured. Initially, all subject groups did not differ in average $Vo_2$ max (range 45.9 to 47.9 ml/.kg-1.min-1). After 8 weeks, the $Vo_2$ max increased significantly from the initial level by 12.6% in group GU, 14.5% in group PT, and 24.5% in group GU which was significantly higher than group GU but not group PT. Changes in all measured parameters related to $Vo_2$ max were similar among the subject groups except group PU. Both the AP and the AC were significantly increased in all subject groups (range +3.6 to +13.1% above initial for the AP and +4.4 to) 8.955 above initial for the AC) but the higher changes were found for the AP in groups PT and GU, and for the AC in grouts PT, when compared with group PU. No significant differences in the two anaerobic variables were observed between group GT and the other groups of subjects. Leg strength was also significantly enhanced over group PU in groups PT, GU and GT. There were no significant differences among the latter three subject groups. As a result of these findings, it was concluded that under the conditions of this study ginseng administration at the prescribed dose exhibited the training-like effects on $Vo_2$ max as well as anaerobic power and leg muscle strength but no clear synergistic action on these physical fitness variables occurred when both g inseng administration and exercise training were combined.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.121-128
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise program intervention in Korea for the control of blood sugar levels in elderly women patients undergoing diabetes mellitus typeII and to investigate the effects of exercise program intervention. Research methods were searched through RISS, KISS, KoreaMed, and KMbase as domestic databases and limited to domestic papers published from 2010 to May 2017. Diabetes, female diabetes, and diabetes mellitus typeII were used as the search terms related to the patient group. Programs related to intervention, intervention, exercise, blood glucose, glucose insufficiency, glucose control, fasting glucose and HbA1c were used. A total of 12 papers were provided according to the intervention method. The mediation period was 12 weeks(50%), 3 times per week(58.3%), and 50 to 69 minutes(83.4%) was the most. The combined aerobic and anaerobic exercise was found to be an effective exercise method to control not only blood glucose level but also HbA1c. Individualized exercise program intervention should be provided considering the physical fitness level and health status of elderly patients undergoing diabetes mellitus typeII and should be encouraged to maintain effective blood glucose control through continuous exercise rather than one-off exercise.