• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.384-392
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is in development of effective filter-type polymer adsorbent for removal of pollutants from wastewater by UV irradiation graft polymerization. Photografting of acrylic acid (AA) on polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabric using benzophenone (BP) as a photosensitizer was investigated. Inhibition of homopolymerization was achieved by adding various concentrations of $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, $CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$ and Mohr's salt. As AA concentration was increased, the degree of grafting was increased as to a specific value and then decreased, and the effect of BP concentration showed the same tendency. It was also found that the degree of grafting increased with reaction time and reaction temperature. Addition of the polyfunctional monomers and $H_2SO_4$ to the grafting system accelerated the photografting. The melting temperature, molecular weight and breaking stress and breaking strain were decreased with the increase in the degree of grafting.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.377-383
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• 2004

Photografting of styrene (St) on polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabric using benzoin ethyl ether (BEE) as a photosensitizer was investigated. Inhibition of homopolymerization was achieved by adding various concentrations of $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, $CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$ and Mohr's salt. As St concentration was increased, the degree of grafting was increased as to a specific value and then decreased, and the effect of BEE concentration showed the same tendency. It was also found that the degree of grafting increased with reaction time and reaction temperature. Addition of the polyfunctional monomers and $H_2SO_4$ to the grafting system accelerated the photografting. The melting temperature, molecular weight, tensile strength and elongation were decreased with the increase in the degree of grafting.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

Methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MAPTMS), a hybrid organic-inorganic monomer, was photografted onto PET fabric using benzophenone (BP) as a photoinitiator. It was found that a UV energy of 43.2J/$cm^2$ was required to optimally photograft the MAPTMS onto PET fabrics which was applied with an aqueous formulation of 10% MAPTMS, 20% BP and 0.5% N-Methyldiethanol amine (MDEA). The MDEA additive was efficient in reducing atmospheric oxygen inhibition of polymer radicals which eliminated compulsory nitrogen inerting. The surface grafting of PET fabrics was verified by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM). The grafted PET fabrics with the hybrid monomer showed higher thermal stability due to the introduced silane component in the monomer as ascertained by higher char content at 800$^{\circ}C$, which increased to 14.5% for the 15.8% grafting compared to 8.2% for the untreated.

• 한국염색가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국염색가공학회 2007년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.69-70
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• 2007

• 공업화학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.175-184
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• 1991

PVC 와 Polystyren 과 같은 고분자가 자외선에 노출될 때 이들 표면을 보호하고, 물성을 유지하기 위해서 자외선 경화 도료를 도장하지만, PVC 는 epoxy acrylate 에 대해서, 그리고 Polystyren 은 대부분의 UV도료에 부착력이 약하므로, 반응희석제의 조성을 변화시키거나, 다관능기 acrylate를 표면에 photografting 시키거나, 표면을 광화학적으로 활성화시켜 부착력을 향상시킴을 목적으로 하였다. 미리 침투시킨 광개시제에 의한 grafting이나 표면 활성화로 부착력은 현저히 증가하였고, 각 희석제에 있어 Tripropylene glycol diacrylate는 유연성 향상과 부착력 증가를 가져오나, 황변 현상과 표면 산화에 의한 경화 밀도의 증가로 grafting을 제외한 다른 도장 방법은 시간이 지남에 따라 도막의 부착력이 감소하였다. 여기에 비해 Trimethylol propane triacrylate 는 원래 다관능기에 의해 높은 경화 밀도를 가지고 이에 따른 단단한 도막 때문에 부착력에 문제가 있으나, 두가지 도장법에서는 오히려 다관능기에 의한 화학 결합으로 부착력이 향상되었다. 그리고, 고분자 표면의 표면 에너지를 활성화를 통해 증가시킴으로 해서 UV 도료의 상용성 문제를 grafting 과 표면 활성화를 통해 해결해 도료 배합의 다양화와 기능화를 가져올 것이 기대된다.

• 한국섬유공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국섬유공학회 2007년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.187-188
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• 2007

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• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2011

para-Aramid has limited dyeability because of its highly crystalline structure and compactness. To improve the dyeability of the para-aramid to reactive dyes of bright color in deep shade, the fabrics were photografted under continuous UV irradiation with dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide and 4-benzoyl benzoic acid as a monomer and a hydrogen -abstractable photoinitiator respectively. A UV energy of 35J/$cm^2$ and a photoinitiator concentration of ten percent or more with respect to the monomer in the formulation was required for optimal photografting. Grafting yield increased with higher monomer application level. Surface analysis indicated significant alterations in the atomic composition of the photografted fabric surface and the fabric surface was covered with the grafted polymers. While the pristine para-aramid fabrics showed no appreciable dyeability to the ${\alpha}$-bromoacrylamide reactive dyes, the grafted para-aramid fabrics enhanced the dyeability to the reactive dyes substantially. In case of C.I. Reactive Blue 50, a K/S value of 8.7 can be obtained with the grafted para-aramid fabrics with a grafting yield of 2.3 %. Also the color fastness properties of the dyed fabrics was excellent in the conditions of washing, rubbing and light irradiation.

• 한국염색가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국염색가공학회 2011년도 제44차 학술발표회
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• pp.31-31
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• 2011

Lanasol dyes containing ${\alpha}$-bromoacrylamide or ${\alpha},{\beta}$-dibromopropionylamide group are used for wool dyeing. They are normally applied to wool under pH 4.5 to 6.5 at $100^{\circ}C$. Although wool fabric can be dyed to obtain deep colour, high light and wet fastness, the dyeing processes need long dyeing time at high temperature, with salt addition, which inevitably causes environmental problems. Grafting is a modification method for textile where monomers are covalently bonded onto the polymer chain. It can be initiated by ozone, ${\gamma}$ rays, electron beams, plasma, corona discharge and UV irradiation. Coloration by UV-induced photografting exhibits several advantages such as fast reaction rate, energy saving, simple equipment, easy exploitation and environmentally friendliness. Also it requires much lower energy compared to the conventional dyeing and less damage to the substrate. In this study, a direct sequential UV-induced photografting onto wool fabrics was discussed. To understand the graft polymerization mechanism further, several characterization methods were used. Moreover, the effects of several principal factors on the graft photopolymerization were investigated. Furthermore, the colorfastness results were compared with conventional dyeing methods.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2012

Compared with conventional adsorption-based coloration, the photoreactions of dyes such as photo-copolymerization and photo-crosslinking under UV irradiation can be employed for the coloration of textiles, which can be carried out without salt addition at room temperature. C.I. Reactive Black 5, a homo-bifunctional reactive dye containing two sulfatoethylsulfone groups, is used as a photo-reactive dye for wool fibers. Upon UV irradiation, the photo-reactive dye was grafted onto wool fabrics without photoinitiators. Since the disulfide bonds in the cystine residues of wool can be easily photodecomposed to active thiyl radicals which initiate the polymerization, the dye can be polymerized to an oligomeric dye of a degree of polymerization of 12 or more. The grafted fabrics reached a grafting yield of 2.3% o.w.f. and a color yield (K/S) of 18.2 by the photografting of an aqueous dye concentration of 9% using a UV energy of 25J/$cm^2$. Furthermore, the photochemically dyed wool fabric showed higher colorfastness properties to light, laundering and rubbing comparable to conventional reactive dyeing.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.144-148
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• 1993

To increase the moisture content and thereby to reduce the static charge of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), thin layer surface photografting of acylamide (AAm) onto PAN fabrics by using benzophenone as a initiator with a mixtured solvent was carried. The effects of reaction conditions such as monomer, initiator concentrations, UV irradiation time and immersion time of fabrics on grafting were investigated. The percent grafting slightly increased with increasing monomer concentration, benzophenone concentration up to limiting value and thereafter decreased or level offed. The percent grafting was significantly increased with increasing irradiation and immersion times. The moisture regain increased with increasing the percent grafting. The static charge decreased with increasing the percent grafting.