• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.6-12
• /
• 2014

In the present work, $WO_3$ and $WO_3-TiO_2$ were prepared by the chemical deposition method. Structural variations, surface state and elemental compositions were investigated for preparation of $WO_3-TiO_2$ sonocatalyst. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed for characterization of these new photocatalysts. A rhodamine B (Rh.B) solution under ultrasonic irradiation was used to determine the catalytic activity. Excellent catalytic degradation of an Rh.B solution was observed using the $WO_3-TiO_2$ composites under ultrasonic irradiation. Sonocatalytic degradation is a novel technology of treating wastewater. During the ultrasonic treatment of aqueous solutions sonoluminescence, cavitaties and "hot spot" occurred, leading to the dissociation of water molecules. In case of a $WO_3$ coupled system, a semiconductor coupled with two components has a beneficial role in improving charge separation and enhancing $TiO_2$ response to ultrasonic radiations. In case of the addition of $WO_3$ as new matter, the excited electrons from the $WO_3$ particles are quickly transferred to $TiO_2$ particle, as the conduction band of $WO_3$ is 0.74 eV which is -0.5 eV more than that of $TiO_2$. This transfer of charge should enhance the oxidation of the adsorbed organic substrate. The result shows that the photocatalytic performance of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles was improved by loading $WO_3$.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제35권11호
• /
• pp.1297-1308
• /
• 2011

This research investigates the application of ZnO (zinc oxide) nanoparticles and $TiO_2$ (titanium dioxide) nanoparticles to polypropylene nonwoven fabrics via an electrospinning technique for the development of textile materials that can decompose harmful gases. To fabricate uniform ZnO nanocomposite fibers, two types of ZnO nanoparticles were applied. Colloidal $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were chosen to fabricate $TiO_2$ nano- composite fibers. ZnO/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and $TiO_2$/PVA nanocomposite fibers were electrospun under a variety of conditions that include various feed rates, electric voltages, and capillary diameters. The morphology of electrospun nanocomposite fibers was examined with a field-emission scanning electron micro- scope and a transmission electron microscope. Decomposition efficiency of gaseous materials (formaldehyde, ammonia, toluene, benzene, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide) by nanocomposite fiber webs with 3wt% nano-particles (ZnO or $TiO_2$) and 7$g/m^2$ web area density was assessed. This study shows that ZnO nanoparticles in colloid were more suitable for fabricating nanocomposite fibers in which nanoparticles are evenly dispersed than in powder. A heat treatment was applied to water-soluble PVA nanofiber webs in order to stabilize the electrospun nanocomposite fibrous structure against dissolution in water. ZnO/PVA and $TiO_2$/PVA nanofiber webs exhibited a range of degradation efficiency for different types of gases. For nitrogen dioxide, the degradation efficiency was 92.2% for ZnO nanocomposite fiber web and 87% for $TiO_2$ nanocomposite fiber web after 20 hours of UV light irradiation. The results indicate that ZnO/PVA and $TiO_2$/PVA nano- composite fiber webs have possible uses in functional textiles that can decompose harmful gases.

• Advances in environmental research
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.213-223
• /
• 2018

Continuous input into the aquatic ecosystem and persistent structures have created concern of antibiotics, primarily due to the potential for the development of antimicrobial resistance. Degradation kinetics and mineralization of vancomycin B (VAN-B) by photocatalysis using $TiO_2$ and ZnO nanoparticles was monitored at natural pH conditions. Photocatalysis (PC) efficiency was followed by means of UV absorbance, total organic carbon (TOC), and HPLC results to better monitor degradation of VAN-B itself. Experiments were run for two initial VAN-B concentrations ($20-50mgL^{-1}$) and using two catalysts $TiO_2$ and ZnO at different concentrations (0.1 and $0.5gL^{-1}$) in a multi-lamp batch reactor system (200 mL water volume). Furthermore, a set of toxicity tests with Daphnia magna was performed to evaluate the potential toxicity of oxidation by-products of VAN-B. Formation of intermediates such as chlorides and nitrates were monitored. A rapid VAN-B degradation was observed in ZnO-PC system (85% to 70% at 10 min), while total mineralization was observed to be relatively slower than $TiO_2-PC$ system (59% to 73% at 90 min). Treatment efficiency and mechanism of degradation directly affected the rate of transformation and by-products formation that gave rise to toxicity in the treated samples.

• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.492-498
• /
• 2022

N-doped Na₂Ti₆O₁₃@TiO₂ (denoted as N-NTO@TiO₂) composites are successfully synthesized using a simple two-step process: 1) ball-milling of TiO₂ with Na₂CO₃ followed by heat treatment at 900℃; 2) mixing of the prepared Na₂Ti₆O₁₃ with titanium isopropoxide and calcining with urea at 500℃. The prepared composites are characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, and BET. The N-NTO@TiO₂ composites exhibit well-defined crystalline and anatase TiO₂ with exposed {101} facets on the external surface. Moreover, dopant N atoms are uniformly distributed over a relatively large area in the lattice of the composites. Under visible light irradiation, ~51% of the aqueous methylene blue is photodegraded by N-NTO@TiO₂ composites, which is higher than the values shown by other samples because of the coupling effects of the hybridization of NTO and TiO₂, N-doping, and presence of anatase TiO₂ with exposed {101} facets.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.140-146
• /
• 2023

Water quality is crucial for human health and the environment. Accurate measurement of the quantity of organic carbon in water is essential for water quality evaluation, identification of water pollution sources, and appropriate implementation of water treatment measures. Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis is an important tool for this purpose. Although other methods, such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) are also used to measure organic carbon in water, they have limitations that make TOC analysis a more favorable option in certain situations. For example, COD requires the use of toxic chemicals, and BOD is time-consuming and can produce inconsistent and unreliable results. In contrast, TOC analysis is rapid and reliable, providing accurate measurements of organic carbon content in water. However, common methods for TOC analysis can be complex and energy-intensive because of the use of high-temperature heaters for liquid-to-gas phase transitions and the use of acid, which present safety risks. This study focuses on a TOC analysis method using TiO₂ photocatalysis, which has several advantages over conventional TOC analysis methods, including its low cost and easy maintenance. For TiO₂, rutile and anatase powders are mixed with an inorganic binder and spray-coated onto a glass fiber substrate. The TiO₂ powder and inorganic binder solutions are adjusted to optimize the photocatalytic reaction performance. The TiO₂ photocatalysis method is a simple and low-power approach to TOC analysis, making it a promising alternative to commonly used TOC analysis methods. This study aims to contribute to the development of more efficient and cost-effective approaches for water quality analysis and management by exploring the effectiveness and reliability of the developed equipment.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.413-420
• /
• 2023

Holmium-doped TiO₂ nanotubes (Ho-TNTs) were manufactured through anodization treatment and electrochemical deposition, and optimization experiments were conducted using various Holmium doping concentrations and time as variables. Surface as well as electrochemical characteristics were analyzed to study the prepared photocatalysts. Ho-TNTs were found to exist only in anatase phase through X-ray diffraction analysis. Ho-TNTs with 0.01 wt% 100 seconds shows a photocurrent density of 3.788 mA/cm² and an effective photo-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.30%, which is more efficient than pure TiO₂ nanotubes (pure-TNTs) (at bias potential 1.5 V vs. Hg/HgO). The photocatalytic activity of the aforementioned Ho-TNTs for hydrogen production was evaluated with the result of -29.20 µmol/h·cm².

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.254-260
• /
• 2024

This study is to manufacture a titanium dioxide (TiO₂) photocatalyst by recycling sludge generated using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl₄) as a coagulant. Compared to general sewage, a TiCl₄ coagulant was applied to dyeing wastewater containing a large amount of non-degradable organic compounds to evaluate its performance. Then the generated sludge was dried and fired to prepare a photocatalyst (TFS). Scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen oxide reduction experiments were conducted to analyze the surface properties and evaluate the photoactive ability of the prepared TFS. After using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl₄) as a coagulant in the dyeing wastewater, the water quality characteristics were measured at 84 mg/L of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 10 mg/L of T-N, and 0.9 mg/L of T-P to satisfy the discharge water quality standards. The surface properties of the TFS were investigated and the anatase crystal structure was observed. It was confirmed that the ratio of Ti and O, the main components of TiO₂, accounted for more than 90 %. As a result of the nitric oxide (NO) reduction experiment, 1.56 uMol of NO was reduced to confirm a removal rate of 20.60 %. This is judged to be a photocatalytic performance similar to that of the existing P-25. Therefore, by applying TiCl₄ to the dyeing wastewater, it is possible to solve the problems of the existing coagulant and to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide generated, using an eco-friendly sludge treatment method. In addition, it is believed that environmental and economic advantages can be obtained by manufacturing TiO₂ at an eco-friendly and lower cost than before.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제28권8호
• /
• pp.872-877
• /
• 2006

하루 중 대부분의 시간을 실내에서 보내는 생활패턴으로 인해 실내오염물질의 영향에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 오염물질은 다양한 실내장식물로부터 배출되고 있으며 실내에서 생활하는 시간이 많기 때문에 비록 저농도로 배출된다 하더라도 그 영향은 간과될 수 없을 것이다. 하지만 국내 현실은 실내오염물질에 대한 제도적 기반이 미흡하며 실내오염물질이 발생될 경우 저감 방안에 대한 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 실내오염물질의 하나인 포름알데히드를 대상으로 광촉매와 인공자외선을 사용하여 실내에서의 저감특성을 파악하였으며 또한 인공자외선의 대안으로 실내에서 형광등을 켜고 생활하는 시간이 많은 점을 고려하여 광촉매/형광등의 실험을 통해 실내 환경정화에 형광등의 잠재적인 사용가능성을 파악하고자 하였다. 실험결과 광촉매량, 반응면적이 증가할수록 포름알데히드의 제거율도 증가하였다. 광원으로 $UV_{254}$ 램프를 사용할 때가 형광등을 사용할 때보다 효과적이었으나 형광등을 사용한 경우도 일정수준의 포름알데히드의 제거가 가능하였으며 반응시간이 증가할수록 제거율은 증가하기 때문에 실내에서 형광등을 켜고 생활하는 시간이 길다는 점을 고려할 때 형광등을 이용할 경우도 실내환경에서 포름알데히드의 제거가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.314-319
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 휘발성 유기화합물 제거특성을 향상시키고자 졸겔법 및 urea의 고상 열처리법을 이용하여 질소가 도핑된 $TiO_2$ ($N-TiO_2$) 코팅 활성탄소 펠렛을 제조하였다. 또한 이 활성탄소 펠렛의 가시광 활성능 평가를 위하여 light emitting diods (LED)를 조사하였고, gas chromatography를 이용하여 벤젠가스 제거능을 측정하였다. Titanium tetra isopropoxide 함량이 증가함에 따라 활성탄소 펠렛 표면에 $TiO_2$ 코팅량이 증가되고, 비표면적이 감소됨을 SEM 및 BET 결과를 통해 각각 확인하였다. 벤젠가스 제거 결과, ACP10의 벤젠가스에 대한 파과점 도달시간이 ACP에 비하여 약 2배정도 증가되었다. 이는 활성탄소 펠렛의 표면에 코팅된 $N-TiO_2$가 LED 광원 조사 하에서 더 효과적으로 벤젠가스를 분해하였기 때문으로 판단된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.163-169
• /
• 2005

본 연구에서는 인공 UV lamp의 대체에너지로 무한한 청정에너지인 태양광을 광원으로 이용하여 Cu(II)-EDTA 제거를 위한 광촉매 산화반응을 실시하였다. Cu(II)-EDTA의 광촉매 산화반응의 효율에 관한 연구를 위해 집광반사판의 형태, 집광반사판의 입사각, 광세기, 유량, 반응면적, $H_2O_2$의 효율, 그리고 광촉매 형태의 변화에 따라 실시하였다. Cu(II)와 DOC 제거율은 평판형의 집광반사판보다 반구형의 집광반사판 사용시 높게 나타났으며, 반사판의 각도를 $38^{\circ}$까지 증가시킬수록 제거속도 및 제거율이 각각 증가였다. $TiO_2$ 분말시스템은 $TiO_2$ 코팅 시스템보다 Cu(II)와 DOC 제거율에 있어서 약 4배 이상의 큰 제거율을 나타내어서 제거효율에 있어서는 우수한 것으로 조사되었다. Cu(II)와 DOC 모두 자외선 세기가 높은 맑은 날($0.372{\sim}2.265\;mW/cm^2$)에 제거효율이 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났는데, Cu(II)의 경우 흐린날($0.038{\sim}1.129\;mW/cm^2$에 비하여 약 3배, DOC의 경우 약 2배의 높은 제거율이 나타나서 광세기가 양자수율에 직접적으로 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. Cu(II)가 제거되는 경향은 반응기의 면적이 클수록 증가하였으며, 유량변동에는 비슷한 경향을 보였지만 일정유량 이상에서는 방해요인이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 코팅된 $TiO_2$를 광촉매로 사용하였을 때 $H_2O_2$ 농도증가에 따라 Cu(II)의 제거효율은 크게 증가하였지만 분말형 $TiO_2$ 사용시에는 이에 비해 $H_2O_2$ 주입효과가 크게 나타나지 않았다.