• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

There are two kinds of body fluid metabolism in Traditional Korean Medicine based on 'Internal Classic'("內經"); one is metabolism of body fluid(津液) meaning metabolism of physiological substance, and another is metabolism of humor meaning a metabolic process that excretes waste out of the body. 'Phlegm-retained fluid'(痰飮) is a typical pathological condition caused by abnormal fluid metabolism in Traditional Korean Medicine. As a result of reviewing the literature on 'phlegm-retained fluid'(痰飮), the following facts were found; 'Phlegm-retained fluid'(痰飮) is formed by abnormal state of metabolism of body fluid(津液). In other words, because of the action of various etiologies, qi(氣) and body fluid(津液) metabolism can have abnormal conditions and these metabolic disorders cause formation of 'phlegm-retained fluid'(痰飮). Treatments for 'phlegm-retained fluid'(痰飮) include the following: Eliminating the causes of illness, recovery of metabolism of qi(氣) and body fluid(津液), and functional recovery of pancreas and kidney related to body fluid(津液) metabolism. These treatments are distinguished from promotion of sweating(發汗) and helping urination, the treatments for humor metabolism abnormality.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.864-868
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• 2012

This study aimed to examine the recognition on phlegm-retained fluid of the Onbo School's five physicians, Xue Ji(薛己), Sun Yi-kui(孫一奎), Zhao Xian-ke(趙獻可), Zhang Jie-bin(張介賓), and Li Zhong-zi(李中梓), who made important contributions in the formation of Tanbing theories. Five authors were included as the study subjects. The study examined on the definition, causes, classification, therapeutic methods, and instructions of phlegm-retained fluid. The results are Phlegm-retained fluid is formed when the normal circulation of body fluid is not functioning properly. Plegm (痰) is thick, slimy, and murky fluid. In contrast, retained fluid(飮) is clear and watery fluid. The major causal organs of phlegm-retained fluid formation were pointed out as pancreas and kidney. Five physicians had different opinions regarding the classification of phlegm-retained fluid. Warming and tonifing the spleen and stomach(溫補脾胃) and tonifing the kidney(補腎) were taken as the suitable methods for treating phlegm-retained fluid. The common characteristics of the Onbo School were verified in terms of formation and treatment methods for phlegm-retained fluid. However, specific common points were hardly found in other items. The Onbo School had varied opinions on the processing methods of Rehmannia glutinosa(熟地黃). Further discussion on related references are essential.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2008

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate correlation of the phlegm-retained fluid, namely Damum(痰飮) and dark circles under eyes. Methods: 2 males and 11 females aged 26-60 years were participated in this study. They were asked the intensity of 29 symptoms related with Damum(痰飮) including dark circle with the questionnaire published by the Journal of the Korea Institute of Oriental Medical Diagnostics. Three skin researchers including OMD graded the dark circles by inspection. We took the pictures around eyes by Facial Stage (Moritex, Japan) and analyzed the skin color by Image-Pro Plus (Media Cybernetics, USA). Results: There was statistically significant correlation between Damum(痰飮) and dark circles measured by self, inspectors and image analysis. Conclusions: In the Oriental Medicine, It is reported that the shadows under eyes are the sign of the retention of fluid, Damum(痰飮). In our study, that shadows, namely dark circles, has correlation with the symptoms of Damum(痰飮). Especially, the correlation between inspected grade and image analysis was very high. According to the above results, it is proved that dark circles under eyes are important diagnostic sign of Damum(痰飮).

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.109-122
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• 2018

Objectives : The teaching which states, "Pi is the source of the phlegm and lung is the container of the phlegm" is a sentence that is regarded to have been based on the understanding of the production and container of phlegm based on physiology and pathology of viscera and bowels. However, the author's suspicion that this sentence has not received enough research as to truly understand its meaning has led to further study into this sentence. Methods : Medical book database was searched and historic medical books were reviewed in order to understanding the true meaning of this sentence. First, the meaning of the sentence was pondered upon based on how it was introduced in the original text, and each of the two parts of the sentence were closely analyzed for its relations in order to get a clear meaning of the sentence. Results : The source of this sentence is Bencaogangmu, and it describes the phenomenon of cough in the phlegm appearing more than that from pi and lungs. Later, some disagreements on this sentence developed, claiming that kidney is the source of phlegm whereas stomach is the container. Pi deficiency derives from abnormality in the transportation and transformation of pi, and it originates from kidney deficiency. Thus, kidney can be understood as the origin of phlegm. When phlegm is dispersed all around the body, it's difficult to see the stomach as a container of the phlegm. Conclusions : The pathology of the production and container of phlegm is that deficiency in kidney qi leads to the malfunction of transportation and transformation of pi, and this creates the bodily fluid to become stagnant, making pathological products such as dampness, phlegm, and retained fluid. This can be expressed as "Kidney is the origin of the phlegm, and pi is the source of the phlegm." Here, phlegm is created and stored either when phlegm enters the lungs in the process of pi dissipating into the lungs, or when pi affects the lungs which inhibits the pi movement in the lungs. This is the true meaning of "lung is the container of the phelgm."

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.329-337
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• 2013

This is a case report of a tracheostomized 80-year-old man suffering from sputum after stroke. His symptoms were watery sputum production requiring frequent sputum suction. The subject was diagnosed as having a deficiency of spleen qi and was treated with Gami-ijung-tang, Yukgunja-tang, Soeumin Bojungikgi-tang, and Ijin-tang extract in the herbal prescription known to dispell Dam-eum (phlegm-retained fluid). Frequency of ssputum suction and condition of sputum were checked everyday. Gamiijung-tang, Soeumin Bojungikgi-tang with Ijin-tang extract led to improvement by reducing sputum secretion. There were limitations on frequency of suction and condition of sputum which were thought to be derived from tracheostomy, however. Consequently, pathology and treatment of sputum will be different whether tracheostomy was performed or not.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.173-184
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study is to understand formation courses of the ten types of LBP (十種腰痛) in Korean medicine through reviewing classic literatures. Methods We summarized sentences describing syndrome differentiation of LBP directly in Uibujeonrok (醫部全錄) and Donguibogam (東醫寶鑑), and then organized similarities and differences among diagnostic factors described in the classic literatures. Results In most of the classics LBP was classified according to the cause but the causes varied depending on the classic literatures. Cheonkeumbang (千金方) tried to suggest a reasonable classification of LBP in a relatively early age. In Dangyesimbeop (丹溪心法) the causes of LBP were divided into 6 factors; qi movement stagnation (氣鬱), dampness-heat (濕熱), kidney deficiency (腎虛), static blood (瘀血), sprain (挫閃) and phlegm accumulation (積痰). It had a lot of influence on the classic literatures published later. Donguibogam was also influenced by the Dangyesimbeop and the ten types of LBP in Donguibogam was similar to the information on the classification shown in Uihakipmun (醫學入門) and Uijongpildok (醫宗必讀). Conclusions We verified universality of the ten types of LBP; kidney deficiency, phlegm-retained fluid (痰飮), food accumulation (食積), sprain, static blood, wind (風), cold (寒), dampness (濕), dampness-heat and qi (氣).

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.27-41
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this research is to understand melanin with both Korean and Western medicine.Methods : We investigated the comprehension of melanin in both western and Korean medicine through literature review and studied relationships between melanin and five viscera(五臟), especially liver(肝), spleen(脾), kidney(腎). We Also studied representative pigmentary disorders(melasma, vitiligo) in western and Korean medicine to figure out how to understand pigmentary disorders in oriental medicine.Results : The results are as follows. 1. Melanin is associate with liver, because free coursing(疎泄) function of liver is the origin of transport melanin to keratinocyte from melanocyte. Also, melanogenesis factors like MITF and CREB are closely associated with liver and pigmentary disorders occur frequently after stress conditions or women. 2. Melanin is absorbed and scattered in keratinocytes by the function of spleen. Pigmentary disorders result from failure of spleen and formation of phlegm-retained fluid(痰飮). 3. Kidney essence(腎精) is the origin of melanin formation. In addition, corticosteroid, the major hormone of melanogenesis is secreted by adrenalin and adrenalin belongs to kidney(腎) in Korean medicine. 4. Melasma is created by disorder of melanin transport and absorbtion, so melasma is associated liver (肝) and spleen(脾). Therefore the treatment for melasma may focus on improvement function of liver and spleen. 5. The destruction of melanocyte or abnormal melanogenesis by disorder of the immune system, metabolic and affective disorders can make vitiligo, so vitiligo is associated with liver and kidney which are major part of melanin formation. Therefore the treatment of vitiligo can focus on improvement function of liver(肝) and kidney(腎).Conclusion : We compared Korean and western medicine to understand melanin. We also interpreted the mechanism of melanin and pigmantary disorders in western medicine and considered the relationship with visceral manifestation theory(臟象論) in traditional Korean medicine. Further studies are needed to apply comprehension of melanin to clinical stage.