• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.266-271
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• 2003

This study was worked out to investigate the compounds of antioxidant constituents extracted from Stachys Sieboldii MiQ. and their effects on antioxidant activity by DPPH method, ferric thiocyanate method, and nitrite scavenging ability. Solvents such as methanol, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water were used for this purpose. Total concentrations of polyphenols and flavonoids were measured in the methanol fraction. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest activity by DPPH method, ferric thiocyanate method, and nitrite scavenging ability. The ethyl acetate extract was fractionated on a silica gel column using elution solvent (chloroform: methanol: water ＝ 70 : 30 : 5 lower phase) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. UV-VIS spectral data of each fraction showed adsorption maxima in the range of 284～330 nm. Among fractions, the fraction 1 that has λ$\_$max/ (nm) of 284 nm showed the strongest activity by DPPH method. The UV-VIS spectral data of phenolic compounds were known to lie in the range of 210～290 nm and 300～550 nm. Therefore, the results of our study suggested that Stachys sieboldii MIQ. contains phenolic compounds showing natural antioxidant activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 2013

We investigated the effects of extracts from dried Platycodon grandiflorum on total phenolic content and growth of cancer cell lines (HT-29 and AGS). Total phenolic contents of acetone/methylene chloride (A+M) extract and methanol (MeOH) fraction were 4.53 and 27.22 TAE mg/100 g, respectively. Among the fractions, n-butanol (n-BuOH) fraction contained the highest phenolic content. Treatments of crude extracts and fractions significantly inhibited the growth of HT-29 and AGS cancer cell lines (p<0.05). Among the fractions, n-BuOH fraction exhibited the highest inhibitory effect and was then sub-fractionated by reverse phase flash column chromatography (rfc). The rfc 1-3 exhibited a higher inhibitory effect on proliferation of both cancer cells. The rfc 1 contained the highest phenol content. Our results showed that n-BuOH fraction possessed a potent inhibitory effect on proliferation of human cancer cells. We suggested that this anticancer activity was partially related to the content of phenolic compounds.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.212-215
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• 2005

Ethanol crude extracts of wood, bark, leaf, and fruit of Callistenwn citrinus were compared for their antioxidant activities based on DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging activity and reducing power. Bark extract showed the most potent radical-scavenging activity and reducing power, showing 94.1 and 0.64% at 25 and $100\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Total phenolic content of the bark extracts (275.0 mg GAE/g) was higher than those of others. Further fractionation of the bark extract using hexane, $CH_2Cl_2$, and EtOAc showed EtOAc fraction had the highest antioxidant activity ($IC_{50}\;6.7\;{\mu}g/mL$) and reducing power (0.82 at $100\;{\mu}g/mL$), with total phenolic content of 611.1 mg GAE/g. Total phenolic contents correlated with antioxidant activity ($R^2\;=\;0.7061$) and reducing power ($R^2\;=\;0.7399$).

• Composites Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.47-52
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• 2005

Pultrusion process of phenolic foam composite is investigated. Phenolic foam composites provide heat and flame resistance with less weight. When made into foam, a variety of properties can be obtained with different bubble size and number density. In this study, effect of process variables on the foaming characteristics of phenolic resin composites during pultrusion process has been studied experimentally. The process variables considered are the heating temperature and the pulling speed as well as the mass fraction of blowing agent. Experiments were performed using a laboratory scale pultrusion apparatus. Optimal process condition was found by observing the micro-morphology.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.281-285
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• 1998

Methanol extract and various solvent fractions from Moutan Cortex were tested for their antimicrobial activities, free radical scavenging activities and antioxidative activities, and phenolic compounds in ethylacetate fraction were analyzed by GC and HPLC. In the antimicrobial activities test, the ethylacetate fraction of methanol extract showed stronger than other fractions. The antimirobial activities were more effective against Gram positive bacteria than Gram negative bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of ethylacetate fraction showed 156-1250$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml against Cram positive bacteria and 2500-5000$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg against Gram negative bacteria. The free radical scavenging activities and antioxidative activities using linoleic acid were higher in ethylacetate fraction. The antioxidative activity of ethylacetate fraction was similar to ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. The 3 major phenolic compounds were analyzed by GC and HPLC and these content were determined. The content of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, methyl gallate and gallic acid were 1.35%, 14.61% and 4.01%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.140-147
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• 2015

The antioxidative activities and anti-inflammatory effects of rice bran and wheat bran were investigated. To determine the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content. DPPH reaction, ABTS reaction and FRAP assay were tested. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect, the inhibition of NO production, IL-6 production and TNF-${\alpha}$ production were observed. The total phenolic contents were 46.4 mg/g in the BuOH fraction of rice bran (RBB) and 69.0 mg/g in BuOH fraction of wheat bran (WBB). EtOAc fraction of rice bran (RBE), EtOAc fraction of wheat bran (WBE), RBB and WBB showed high radical scavenging activity at a concentration of 5 mg/ml. Scavenging activity of DPPH radical were 89.04% in RBB and 91.53% in WBE. Scavenging activity of ABTS radical were 88.53% in RBB and 90.39% in WBB. In case of FRAP assay, RBE reduced 0.805 mM/mg of Fe²⁺ and WBE reduced 1.521 mM/mg of Fe²⁺. RBB, RBE, WBB and WBE showed concentration dependent inhibition of LPS induced NO production (RBE: 57.38%, WBE: 76.85%), IL-6 production (RBE: 92.08%, WBB: 92.57%), TNF-α production (RBE: 86.33%, WBE: 85.05%) at a concentration of 100 μg/ml of each fraction. These results showed that RBB, RBE, WBB and WBE have strong antioxidative activities and anti-inflammatory effects and show the possibilities of a new natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory medicines.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2004

Melanin pigmentation in human skin is a major defense mechanism against ultraviolet light of the sun, but abnormal pigmentation such as freckles, liver spot could be a serious aesthetic problem. Nearly all studies are mainly concentrated on searching for the materials that have inhibitory activities on tyrosinase. In this work, to isolate phenolic compounds from Gastrodia elata, we purified the extract through solvent fractionation, column chromatography, and recrystallization. They were identified as 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 1, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane 2, gastrodin (4-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl alcohol) 3 on the base of spectroscopic evidences. In order to investigate their depigmentation effect, inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase and inhibitory activity of melanin synthesis in B16 melanoma cells were evaluated in vitro. We have found that 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 1 and gastrodin (4- ${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl alcohol) 3 have no tyrosinase inhibitory activity, but inhibit the melanin synthesis in B16 melanoma cells. Tyrosinase inhibitory activities of bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane 2 (IC$\_$50/ = 400 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) and butanol fraction (IC$\_$50/ = 46 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) were lower/higher than that of arbutin (IC$\_$50/ = 114 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL), but inhibitory activities of melanin synthesis in B16 melanoma cells were much higher than that of arbutin. Especially, tyrosinase inhibitory activities of isolated phenolic fraction (IC$\_$50/ = 2.37 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) from butanol fraction was very higher than that of arbutin (IC$\_$50/ = 114 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL). Therefore, these results suggest that isolated phenolic compounds from Gastrodia elata have inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase and inhibitory activity of melanin synthesis in 816 melanoma cells in vitro.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2006

Paulownia coreana Uyeki fruits were collected, extracted with acetone-$H_2O$ (7:3, v /v), fractionated with n-hexane, methylene chloride, and ethyl acetate, then freeze dried to give some dark brown powder. The ethyl acetate soluble mixture was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a series of aqueous methanol and ethanol-hexane mixture as eluents. Spectrometric analysis such as NMR and MS including TLC were performed to establish the structures of the isolated compounds. From the ethyl acetate fraction, one phenolic acid (I) and five flavonoids (II~VI) and were isolated and elucidated. The antioxidative activities were tested on the isolated compounds, crude and fractionated extractives by DPPH radical scavenging method. The result showed that caffeic acid, kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin and the EtOAc soluble fraction exhibited higher activities than those of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and BHT.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2002

To identify the antimicrobial activity, of tumeric and its active compound tumeric was fractionated into four groups dichloromethane extract, hexane fraction, methanol soluble fraction and residue's extract. They were tested for antibacterial activity against E. coil and S. aureus and the methanol soluble fraction was found lo be the most active fraction. Compound I, II and III were isolated from TLC and silica gel column chromatography in the methanol soluble fraction. These compounds were analyzed by $^1H-NMR\;and\;^{13}C-NMR$ spectra and identified as curcumin I, II and III. They were also tested for antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Curcumin I was the must active curcuminoids due to the phenolic and methoxyl$(OCH_3)$ moiety in the same molecular structure.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 1984

Volatile flavor components of fresh ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.) were studied. Steam distillate of fresh ginseng was extracted with ethyl ether and the extract was separated into four fraction: neutral, phenolic, acidic and basis fractions. The ethyl ether concentrates and neutral fraction were analyzed by a combination of SE-54 fused silica capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Major flavor components of fresh ginseng were predominantly mono(n +2) and sesquiterpenes(n +3) in over two hundred constituents. Of these, 28 were newly identified in volatile flavor components of fresh ginseng by GC-MS.