• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.27-31
• /
• 1990

Influences of plant phenolic acids and their possible metabolites(non-phenolic aromatic acids involved) in the rumen on the cellulolytic activity of mixed rumen populations were examined by a simple in vitro culture technique. Initial concentrations of aromatic acids were 1, 5, 10 and 20 mM/l. All the tested aromatic acids reduced microbial cellulose digestion especially at the higher initial concentration. P-Coumaric acid, ferulic acid and cinnamic acid, those having unhydrogenated propenoic side chain were more inhibitory than were 3-phenylpropinic acid and phloretic acid, those having hydrogenated propanoic side chain. Lag-time for cellulose digestion was prolonged by former three acids by 16 h. Apparent reduction in p-coumaric acid concentration was observed at 24 h when cellulose digestion began. Volatile fatty acid productions from cellulose fermentation were shifted by former three aromatic acids to produce more acetate and less propionate. This suggests that the selection of celluloytic organisms was induced by these aromatic acids.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.199-204
• /
• 1981

The methanol extract of Thalictrum uchiyamai Nakai was fractionatedi nto four parts; (1) ether soluble nonphenolic fraction (2) phenolic tertiary bases fraction, (3) chloroform soluble tertiary bases fraction and (4) aqueous quaternary bases fraction. The fractions of this plant showed a total of twenty-four spots on the silica gel TLC. Ether soluble nonphenolic fraction and ether soluble phenolic fraction showed nine alkaloid spots respectively, chloroform soluble fraction showed three alkaloid spots and quaternary bases fraction showed three alkaloid spots. The antimicrobial activity of the four extracts was shown as follows; nonphenolic tertiary bases inhibited the growth of Micrococcus dutica at the concentration of $50\mu$g/ml, in phenolic tertiary bases $500\mu$g/ml concentration was inhibitory to Micrococcus dutica and to Staphyloccus aureus. In aqueous quaternary bases, $500\mu$g/ml concentration was inhibitory to Klebsiella pneumonae. Chloroform soluble tertiary fraction showed slight activity. All of bases showed reproducible activity against tested microorganisms.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2015

The aim of this research was to investigate the anti-oxidantive activities of extracts from Chionanthus retusus leaves, fruits and flower. The content of phenolics were 20.8 mg/g in water extracts and 32.2 mg/g in 90% ethanol extracts from flower. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of extracts from Chionanthus retusus was above 70% at phenolic concentration $100{\mu}g/mL$. The ABTS radical decolorization activities of water and ethanol extracts were both above 80% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic concentration, respectively. The antioxidant protection factor(PF) of water and 80% ethanol extracts from leaves was the highest as 2.27 PF and 1.70 PF at $50{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic concentration. The TBARs inhibition rate of the Chionanthus retusus extracts, was above 70% at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic concentration. The anti-oxidantive activities of extracts from leaves were shown more active than BHT as a positive control except TBARs. These results confirmed that the extracts from Chionanthus retusus leaves, fruits and flower was shown the high anti-oxidant activity. The results can be expected isolated phenolic compounds from Chionanthus retusus to use as functional beauty food resource.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.329-340
• /
• 1996

The extracts of selected plants and analyzed phenolic compounds were used to study the effects of alleloKDICicals on seed germination and seedling growth. HPLC analysis of the aqueous extracts of seven species identified 15 phenolic compounds including caffeic acid. Among them, protocatechuic acid was detected at 65.87ppm and 6.84ppm, in Erigeron canadensis and Pinus rigida, respectively. And the extract of P. rigida showed the strongest inhibitory effect on seed germination. The extract of P. rigida leaves significantly inhibited germination and radicle growth of Raphanus sativus var. hortensis for. acanthiformis in direct proportion to concentration. However, germination of Cassia mimosoides var. nomame was stimulated by the treated extracts at the same concentrations, but root growth was inhibited at high concentrations. Except chlorogenic acid, eleven of the twelve phenolic compounds inhibited the germination of R. sativus var. hortensis for. acanthiformis. In the case of C. mimosoides var. nomame, some phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid and ${\rho}-coumaric$ acid stimulated germination, while the others reduced it.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.289-292
• /
• 1995

Fig leaves were extracted with methanol and then fractionated with ethyl acetate and various buffers to get active fractions, and their antimicrobial activities in each fraction were determined. Acidic fraction and phenolic fraction of fig leaves showed strong antimicrobial activities, but the basic fraction and neutral fraction did not show any activities. The degree of antimicrobial activities in phenolic fraction against tested bacteria were higher than those in acidic fraction, but these against yeasts and mold were almost equivalent to those in acidic fraction. Especially, phenolic fraction showed the strongest activities against Staphylococcuns aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although there were some differences among microorganisms, minimum inhibition concentrations(MIC) in acidic and phenolic fractions against tested microorganisms were 0.05 to 0.1 g eq./ml and 0.01 to 0.25 g eq./ml, on the basis of fresh sample weight, respectively. Minimum lethal concentrations(MLC) in acidic and phenolic fractions were 0.25 to 2.00 g eq./ml and 0.05 to 1.50 g eq./ml, respectively. These supposed the antimicrobial activities in phenolic fraction were generally higher than those in acidic fraction and also phenolic fraction had lower MIC and MLC values than acidic fraction.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.307-315
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The central composition design was used to optimize the mixture conditions of black garlic extract. Methods: The response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out from concentration of black garlic extract ($X_1$) and the amount of the black garlic extract ($X_2$) as independent variables, and salts ($Y_1$), reducing sugars ($Y_2$), the content of total phenolic compounds ($Y_3$) and ABTS radical scavenging activity ($Y_4$) as dependent variables. We confirmed the conditions that salinity was minimized and reducing sugar, total phenolic compounds and ABTS radical scavenging activity had maximum values through the response surface analysis. Results: All results had saddle points in originally set up conditions hence, ridge analysis was carried out for narrowing the experimental area. The minimum salt concentration was 16.03% at black garlic extract concentration of $14.84^{\circ}brix$ and contents of 9.26%. Reducing sugar content had maximum of value 7.30 g/mL at $24.58^{\circ}brix$ and contents of 8.08%. Total phenolic compounds contents and ABTS radical scavenging activity had maximum values at black garlic extract concentration of 20.33 and $25.02^{\circ}brix$. The results indicate that addition of black garlic extract contributed to increased reducing sugar, phenolic compounds contents and antioxidant activity of the soy sauce, but the salt concentration was not significantly affected. Conclusion: Based on the results of RSM, the optimum ranges of addition conditions for lowering the salt concentration and, increasing the sensory and functional ability of soy sauce were as follows: black garlic extract concentration of $15-25^{\circ}brix$ and content of 7.8-9.3%.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.237-242
• /
• 2009

The potential antioxidant activities of different fractions from methanolic extract of Curcuma longa L. were assayed in vitro. All of the fractions exception of n-hexane and $H_2O$ showed a strong antioxidant activity, especially the ethylacetate (EtOAc) fraction, which showed the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}=9.86\;{\mu}g/mL$). The results of 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay showed concentration dependency, the EtOAc fraction demonstrating a better result than the other fractions at the same concentration in this studies. Additionally, when the total phenolic contents of fractions were measured, the EtOAc fraction contained the highest level. Meanwhile, correlation analysis indicated a high correlation between the antiradical activity and the total phenolic contents, suggesting that fractions obtained from the methanolic extract of Curcuma longa L. have wide potential for use as sources of antioxidant material.

• Carbon letters
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.82-86
• /
• 2000

The present research was undertaken to evaluate the possibility of water purification filter with activated carbon fibers (ACFs) using a very low cost precursor consisting of phenolic resin coated on glass fibers. The simplified procedure involving coating, curing and activation and a very low cost glass fiber as a raw material were adopted in order to reduce manufacturing cost. The breakthrough curves of the manufactured ACFs and the commercial activated carbon (AC, Calgon F-200) were investigated in the initial concentration range from 19 to 49 ppm for benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene. From breakthrough profiles, the manufactured ACFs had significantly faster adsorption kinetics than the AC. Especially the benzene breakthrough curves, the manufactured ACF (13 g of ACF with 32% of carbon on the glass) was over the limited level (5 ppb) after flowing of 32 l at initial concentration of 15 ppm, while the commercial AC was shown about 3 ppm in initial adsorption.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.909-918
• /
• 2012

The phenolic compounds which were extracted with 70% ethanol from Ulmus pumila for 12 hr were the highest as $17.9{\pm}1.0\;mg/g$. DPPH scavenging activity of 70% ethanol extracts was also the highest as $89.5{\pm}1.9%$ and it was confirmed to be high as 80% over in both of water and 70% ethanol extracts containing $50{\mu}g/mL$ over phenolic concentration. ABTS radical cation decolorization activities of water and 70% ethanol extracts were higher as $96.8{\pm}2.9%$, antioxidant protection factor (PF) was 2.0 PF in 70% ethanol and showed higher activities in both of water and 70% ethanol extracts containing $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic concentration as 2.5 PF than BHA. TBARs of 70% ethanol extracts was $86.5{\pm}4.6%$, it showed high anti-oxidative activity in $50{\sim}200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic concentrations of water and 70% ethanol extracts as 80% over. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of Ulmus pumila extracts against hypertension was 77.4% and 90.6% in water and 70% ethanol extracts of $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic concentration. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of Ulmus pumila extracts for anti-gout effect was not observed in water extracts, but it showed 30% inhibitory activity in 70% ethanol extracts, and 48.1% at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics concentration.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.447-453
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to determine the contents of phenolic compounds and astragalosides in Astragalus membranaceus. Between the phenolic compound groups, flavonoids compounds (51.13%) had higher average concentrations than the phenolic acids groups. Among the 30 phenolic compounds, quercetin ($353.11{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$) provided the highest concentrations. According to different cultivation year, 3-year-cultivated Astragalus ($2612.57{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$) showed the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds. According to different harvest days, 6/5 harvesting Astragalus ($2615.80{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$) showed the highest concentrations of phenolic acids. Comparison between the top and subterranean parts of harvested Astragalus plants cultivated for 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years showed big difference of total phenolic compounds in concentrations. Further, the top part had higher amounts of the total phenolic compounds than the subterranean part among all Astragalus. This tendency was similar to those of the top root and lateral root. The concentration of the phenolic compounds in the top root was higher than that of the lateral root.