• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.176-181
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• 2014

The antioxidant activities of 29 components isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia iwayomogi were evaluated in vitro and in cell culture. Among the tested compounds, 2, 6, 8, 10, 13, and 14 exhibited the greatest peroxyl radical-scavenging activities in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, and 2, 10, and 14 also showed significant reducing capacities. However, all compounds showed weak metal chelating activities. Their cellular antioxidant activities were evaluated in HepG2 cells. At $10{\mu}M$, compounds 6, 8, and 14 exhibited stronger protection against 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative stress than compounds 2, 10, and 13. Moreover, Compounds 2 and 8 were more effective in protecting against $Cu^{2+}$-induced oxidative stress than compounds 6, 10, 13, and 14 at $10{\mu}M$. These results suggest that the phenolic compounds in A. iwayomogi have the potential to be developed as natural antioxidants for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2000

Antioxidant activity and related components including tocopherols, phenolic compounds and carotenoids in the corn(Zea mays L.) kernels were measured to understand effects of fertilizer application. Hybrids used were Chalok 2, a waxy corn, and Suwon 19, a dent corn. The standard fertilizer level of N-P-K was 14.5-3-6 for Chalok 2 and 17.4-3-6.9 for Suwon 19. The treatments of the fertilizer levels were the standard level, half and two fold amounts of N, P, and K, and no fertilizer. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring electron donating ability. The antioxidant activity of Chalok 2 was higher than Suwon 19. The antioxidant activity was the highest at the standard fertilizer treatment for Chalok 2, but was statistically not significant. The antioxidant activity and the related compounds content in Suwon 19, however, were the highest in the two fold nitrogen treatment, and the differences were significant. The contents of tocopherols, phenolic compounds and carotenoids were 30.0~38.1, 104.7~118.8, $0.1{\mu}gml^{-1}$, respectively for Chalok 2 and 16.7~20.1, 59.9~72.7, $35.5{\sim}50.0{\mu}gml^{-1}$, respectively for Suwon 19. The antioxidant activity was positively correlated with the grain yield in both cultivars. The shorter the ASI the higher the yield of the plant. The difference in genetic factors would affect greater influence than fertilizer effect on the antioxidant activity of corn.

• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.445-451
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• 2023

Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) hold high nutritional and medicinal value as they contain an abundance of health-promoting compounds. However, the effect of long-term postharvest storage on the variation in the levels of health-promoting compounds has not been extensively studied. In this study, we investigated the changes in the levels of phenolic compounds, antioxidants, eritadenine, and ergothioneine in shiitake mushrooms stored at three different temperatures (1, 3, and 5 ℃) for 4 weeks. Compared to mushrooms stored at lower temperatures, those stored at 5 ℃ exhibited a higher level of total phenolics in their pileus after 2 weeks of storage; however, storage at 5 ℃ also increased the deterioration of the fruiting body of these mushrooms. In mushrooms stored at all temperatures, the eritadenine content in the pilei tended to increase up to 2 weeks of storage. In contrast, the ergothioneine content in the pileus decreased during storage, with a significantly lower level detected in mushrooms stored at 5 ℃ for 4 weeks. Together, these results suggest that the mechanisms underlying the accumulation of phenolics and eritadenine may be related to mushroom deterioration during storage. Our findings indicate that the levels of health-promoting compounds in shiitake mushrooms are influenced by storage temperature, suggesting the potential to control adjustments of specific bioactive compounds by regulating storage conditions.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.863-880
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• 2020

Studies conducted in the past decade related to the use of natural antioxidants in meat products revealed the prevalent use of plant-based antioxidative materials added as powders, extracts, or dried or raw materials to meat products. The amount of antioxidative materials varied from 7.8 ppm to 19.8%. Extracts and powders were used in small amounts (ppm to grams) and large amounts (grams to >1%), respectively. Antioxidative materials used in meat products are mainly composed of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which are able to inhibit lipid peroxidation of meat products, thereby preserving meat quality. However, the main ingredients used in processed meat products are the traditional additives, such as sodium erythorbate, sodium hydrosulfite, and synthetic antioxidants, rather than natural antioxidants. This difference could be attributed to changes in the sensory quality or characteristics of meat products using natural antioxidants. Therefore, novel research paradigms to develop meat products are needed, focusing on the multifunctional aspects of natural antioxidants.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1279-1283
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• 2009

Garlic has been used for condiments and also for medicines to cure various diseases since ancient times. Many studies on the processing of garlic have been published, however, few of them were related with fermentation because of the antimicrobial action of the garlic. In this study, to conduct garlic fermentation, 4 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains with growth abilities in garlic medium were selected. Addition of various nitrogen, carbon, and mineral sources generally did not improve the growth of experimental strains during garlic fermentation except for Lactobacillus casei KFRI 704 by yeast extract and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris ATCC 19257 by mineral sources. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of 32 phenolic compounds during fermentation showed that formononetin was decreased time dependently. The concentrations of volatile compounds and alliin did not change during fermentation. The results of this study would provide the basic understanding of garlic fermentation by selected strains of LAB.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.333-341
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• 2016

This study examined the beauty food activities of water and ethanol extracts from Tetragonia tetragonioides. Content of phenolic compounds extracted with water and 50% ethanol extracts were 3.29 mg/g and 4.14 mg/g, respectively. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activities of water and ethanol extracts were 98.45% and 91.20%, respectively, at $200{\mu}g/mL$ of phenolics. 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical decolorization activity was 97.28% for water extracts and 97.83% for ethanol extracts at $100{\mu}g/mL$ of phenolics. Antioxidant protection factor (PF) was 1.77 PF for water and ethanol extracts at $200{\mu}g/mL$ of phenolics. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances of water and ethanol extracts were 94.77% and 95.64%, respectively, at $100{\mu}g/mL$ of phenolics. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity, which is related to skin-whitening, was confirmed to be 34.96% for ethanol extracts at $200{\mu}g/mL$ of phenolics. Elastase inhibitory activity and anti-wrinkle effect of 50% ethanol extracts were 78.9% at $200{\mu}g/mL$ of phenolics. Collagenase inhibitory activity of ethanol extracts was 61.29% at $200{\mu}g/mL$ of phenolics. Astringent effect was not detected in water extracts but was 7.82% for 50% ethanol extracts at $200{\mu}g/mL$ of phenolics. Hyaluronidase inhibitory activity as a measure of anti-inflammation was confirmed to be 81.04% for water extracts at $200{\mu}g/mL$ of phenolics. Based on these results, Tetragonia tetragonioides extracts can be used as a functional material and functional beauty food with antioxidant effects.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2013

We screened the pharmacological effects of a 50% ethanol extract of Yacon tubers and leaves on spermatogenesis in rats. As a result, we found that Yacon tuber extracts increased sperm number and serum testosterone level in rats. It has been reported that the crude extract of Yacon tubers and leaves contain phenolic acids, such as, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid and caffeic acid by HPLC/MS analysis. We were interested in the contributions made by phenolic acid, particularly chlorogenic acid of Yacon tuber extract to the spermatogenic activity. After administering Yacon tuber extract or chlorogenic acid to rats for 5 weeks, numbers of sperm in epididymis were increased by 34% and 20%, respectively. We also administered ferulic acid, which has been reported to be a metabolite of chlorogenic acid and a constituent of Yacon tuber extract to investigate its spermatogenic activity in rats. Yacon tuber extract and ferulic acid increased sperm numbers by 43% and 37%, respectively. And, Yacon tuber extract, and chlorogenic acid showed significantly inhibition effect of testoeterone degradation in rat liver homogenate. We considered that the spermatogenic effect of Yacon tuber extract might be related to phenolic compounds and their inhibitory effect of testosterone degradation. Yacon showed the possibility as ameliorable agents of infertility by sperm deficiency and late onset hypogonadism syndrome with low level of testosterone.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.421-425
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• 2014

In this study, the antioxidant activities of fractions (methanol, hexane, methylene chloride, butanol, ethyl acetate and water) of Solanum nigrum L. extract was investigated. The contents of total phenolic compounds of each fractions of methanol, butanol, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, hexane and water are $4.41{\pm}0.23%$, $5.57{\pm}0.35%$, $9.89{\pm}0.19%$, $9.86{\pm}0.19%$, $1.89{\pm}0.04%$, and $3.18{\pm}0.06%$, respectively. For assay of antioxidant activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power and nitrite scavenging activity are evaluated. In DPPH radical scavenging activity, the highest effect was obtained from the fraction of ethyl acetate. Reducing power is ordered as ethyl acetate > methylene chloride > methanol. In nitrite scavenging activity, the highest activity was 5.5% (butanol fraction), whereas hexane fraction did not detected. Overall, antioxidant activities are closely related the content of phenolic compound in extracts of S. nigrum L.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.579-590
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Petasites japonicus Maxim (P. japonicus) has been used as an edible and medicinal plant and contains many bioactive compounds. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of P. japonicus on osteogenesis. MATERIALS/METHODS: The leaves and stems of P. japonicus were separated and extracted with hot water or ethanol, respectively. The total phenolic compound and total polyphenol contents of each extract were measured, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of each extract was evaluated to determine their effect on bone metabolism. To investigate the effect on osteoblast differentiation of the aqueous extract of P. japonicus leaves (AL), which produced the highest ALP activity among the tested extracts, collagen content was measured using the Sirius Red staining method, mineralization using the Alizarin Red S staining method, and osteocalcin production through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. Also, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to investigate the mRNA expression levels of Runt-related transcriptional factor 2 (Runx2) and Osterix. RESULTS: Among the 4 P. japonicus extracts, AL had the highest values in all of the following measures: total phenolic compounds, total polyphenols, and ALP activity, which is a major biomarker of osteoblast differentiation. The AL-treated MC3T3-E1 cells showed significant increases in induced osteoblast differentiation, collagen synthesis, mineralization, and osteocalcin production. In addition, mRNA expressions of Runx2 and Osterix, transcription factors that regulate osteoblast differentiation, were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that AL can regulate osteoblasts differentiation, at least in part through Runx2 and Osterix. Therefore, it is highly likely that P. japonicus will be useful as an alternate therapeutic for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.1211-1219
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• 2012

In this study, extracts from Caragana sinica flowers and leaves were tested for antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities, along with xanthine oxidase, tyrosinase, elastase, and astringent effects. Total phenolic compounds of acetone extracts from Caragana sinica flowers and leaves were the highest at 3.42 and 2.98 mg/g, respectively, when various extraction solvents were used. Optimal conditions for extraction of phenolic compounds from Caragana sinica leaves and flowers were 70% ethanol for 18 hr. DPPH scavenging activities were the highest in 70% ethanol extracts of Caragana sinica. ABTS radical cation decolorization values of 70% ethanol extracts were higher than those 60% ethanol extracts at 74%. Antioxidant protection factor was 1.2 PF in 70% ethanol extracts from Caragana sinica flowers and leaves. TBARS was lower than that of control (0.54 ${\mu}M$) in all sections. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity of Caragana sinica flower extract was 80~90% at a phenolic concentration of 0.2~1.0 mg/mL, whereas xanthin oxidase inhibitory activity of Caragana sinica leaf extract was higher than that of flower extract. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity, which is related to skin-whitening, was above 20%, whereas elastase inhibitory activity related to anti-wrinkle effect was above 50% at a phenolic concentration of 0.8 mg/mL. Astringent effects of Caragana sinica flower and leaf extracts were higher than tannic acid as a control at an equivalent concentration. This result suggests that extracts from Caragana sinica flowers and leaves are suitable as functional foods having anti-hypertension, anti-gout, and medicinal cosmetic activities, including whitening and anti-wrinkle effects.