• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative and antitumor activities of Saussurea lappa for the purpose of developing a functional food. The methanol extract of Saussurea lappa was fractionated with five solvents (hexane, chloroform, EtOAc, BuOH, water) and examined for antioxidative activities and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity in addition to growth inhibitory activity of human cancer cell (HT-29, SNU-1, HeLa). Total phenol compound contents were higher in EtOAC fraction than other fractions. Also, electron donating ability was over 90% at $500{\mu}g/ml$ (93.1 %) and $1000{\mu}g/ml$ (94.3%). The hexane fraction revealed stronger nitrite scavenging ability than the positive control (ascorbic acid) and its abilities were 22.4% and 42.8% at $500{\mu}g/ml$ and $1000{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity had similar tendency to electron donating ability. The EtOAc fraction showed high inhibition to xanthien oxidase activities at $500{\mu}g/ml$(81.9%) and $1000{\mu}g/ml$(90.4%). In the antitumor activity test, the hexane fraction exhibited potent growth inhibition activity against HT-29, SNU-1 and HeLa cells. Therefore, we believe that Saussurea lappa can be developed into a functional food with antioxidant activity. Additional studies are required for the hexane and chloroform fractions of Saussurea lappa to develop them into therapeutic supplements for stomach cancer, colon cancer, and cervical cancer.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.149-149
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• 2003

To understand environmental paths of the transport and accumulation of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a single cell multimedia fate model has been constructed and evaluated. The EDCs of concern were PAHs, Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs), PCBs, Alkyl phenols, and phthalates. An evaluation model was designed for the multimedia distribution, including air, water, soil, sediment and vegetation. This model was verified using reported values and via monitoring data. Based on collected data, the distribution trends of EDCs with respect to environmental media were analyzed. Those results have applied to the model for the prediction of the spatial and temporal distribution of EDCs in Seoul. Especially, phenol compound, phthalates, PAHs, PCBs and organochlorine pesticides were estimated and the model was verified. This model was successfully conducted to environmental media, such as air (vapor and suspended particles), soils (forest soil, bare soil, and cement-concrete covered soil), water (dissolved and suspended solids), sediment, trees (deciduous and coniferous). The discrepancies between the model prediction and the measured data are approximately within or near a factor of 10 for the PAHs of three rings through that of six rings, implying that multimedia distribution of the PAHs could be predicted with a factor of 10. Concerning about the air equilibrium may be assumed, a fugacity at steady state is similar in all environmental media. Considering the uncertainties of this model, the use of equilibrium models may be sufficient for assessing chemical fates. In this study, a suggestion was made that modeling and estimation of chemicals in environmental multimedia be rigorously evaluated using the measured flux data. In addition, these data should be obtained, for example, from the precise and standardized inventory of the target chemicals. The model (EDC Seoul) will be refined in an on-going research effort and will be used to support decision-making concerning the management of EDCs.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.158-164
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• 2008

This study investigated that the antioxidative effect of freeze-dried cranberry powder against protein and lipid oxidation and ameliorative effect of serum lipid profile in rat fed atherogenic diet. Six weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following four groups: normal diet group with 5% com oil(control), atherogenic diet group with 5% com oil, 10% lard, 1% cholesterol, and 0.5% sodium cholate(HFC), atherogenic plus 2% cranberry powder diet group(HFC+C2), and atherogenic plus 5% cranberry powder diet group(HFC+C5), and respective diet and water were fed daily for 6 weeks. After the experimental period, the serum lipid profile, such as total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride, ferric reducing ability of plasma(FRAP), plasma phenolics content, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, serum protein carbonyl and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) levels were examined. Total phenolic compound and total flavonoid levels in freeze-dried cranberry powder were 9.94 mg/g and 8.12 mg/g, respectively. Serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were not significantly different for cranberry powder treatment, but serum HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased in HFC+C5 group compared with HFC group. Plasma FRAP value tended to be increased by cranberry powder treatment though there was no significant difference. Plasma total phenol concentrations and SOD activities were not significantly different among all groups. Serum protein carbonyl and TBARS levels were significantly decreased in HFC+C5 group compared with HFC group. Overall results suggested that freeze-dried cranberry powder might have the serum lipid improving effect, as well as anti oxidative effect demonstrated by its protective effect against protein and lipid oxidation.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.302-307
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• 2006

The formation and processing of organic insulators on the device performance have been studied in the fabrication of organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). The series of polyvinyls, poly-4-vinyl phenol(PVP) and polyvinyltoluene (PVT), were used as solutes and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate(PGMEA) as a solvent in the formation of organic insulators. The cross-linking of organic insulators was also attempted by adding the thermosetting material, poly (melamine-co-formaldehyde) as a hardener in the compound. The electrical characteristics measured in the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structures showed that insulating properties of PVP layers were generally superior to those of PVT layers. Among the layers of PVP series: PVP(10 wt%) copolymer, 5 wt% cross-linked PVP(10 wt%), PVP(20 wt%) copolymer, 5 wt% cross-linked PVP(20 wt%) and 10 wt% cross-linked PVP(20 wt%), the 10 wt% cross-linked PVP(20 wt%) layer showed the lowest leakage current characteristics. Finally, inverted staggered OTFTs using the PVP(20 wt%) copolymer, 5 wt% cross-linked PVP(20 wt%) and 10 wt% cross-linked PVP(20 wt%) as gate insulators were fabricated on the polyether sulphone (PES) substrates. In our experiments, we could obtain the maximum field effect mobility of 0.31 $cm^2/Vs$ in the device from 5 wt% cross-linked PVP(20 wt%) and the highest on/off current ratio of $1.92{\times}10^5$ in the device from 10 wt% cross-linked PVP(20 wt%).

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.5 no.1 s.14
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• pp.39-43
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• 2006

The polyvinyl series organic films as gate insulators of thin film transistor(TFT) have been processed and characterized on the polyether sulphone (PES) substrates . The poly-4-vinyl phenol(PVP) and polyvinyl toluene (PVT) were used as solutes and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate(PGMEA) as a solvent in the formation of organic insulators. The cross-linking of organic insulators was also attempted by adding the thermosetting material, poly (melamine-co-formaldehyde) as a hardener in the compound. The electrical characteristics measured in the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structures showed that insulating properties of PVP layers were generally superior to those of PVT layers. Among the layers of PVP series; copolymer PVP(10 wt%), 5wt% cross-linked PVP(10 wt%), copolymer PVP(20 wt%), 5 wt% cross-linked PVP(20 wt%) and 10 wt% cross-linked PVP(20 wt%), the 10 wt% cross-linked PVP(20 wt%) layer showed the lowest leakage current of 1.2 pA at ${\pm}10V$. The ms value of surface roughness and the capcitance per unit area are 2.41 and $1.76nF/cm^2$ in the case of 10 wt% cross-linked PVP(20 wt%) layer, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.720-727
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this work was to determine the relationship between objective sensory descriptors and volatile flavour compound composition of Polish traditional dry-cured loin. Methods: The volatile compounds were investigated by using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For sensory assessment, the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method was used. Results: A total of 50 volatile compounds were found and assigned to 17 chemical families. Most of the detected volatile compounds derived from smoking, lipid oxidative reactions and seasoning (46.8%, 21.7%, and 18.9%, respectively). The dominant compounds were: aromatic hydrocarbon (toluene); alkanes (hexane, heptane, and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane); aldehyde (hexanal); alcohol (2-furanmethanol); ketone (3-hydroxy-2-butanone); phenol (guaiacol); and terpenes (eucalyptol, cymene, ${\gamma}-terpinen$, and limonene). Correlation analysis showed that some compounds derived from smoking were positively correlated with the intensity of cured meat odour and flavour and negatively with the intensity of dried meat odour and flavour, while terpenes were strongly correlated with odour and flavour of added spices. Conclusion: The analysed dry-cured loins were characterized by specific and unique sensory profile. Odour and flavour of studied loins was mainly determined by volatile compounds originating from smoking, seasoning and lipid oxidation. Obtained results suggest that smoking process is a crucial stage during Polish traditional dry-cured loins production.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1315-1321
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• 2009

The chemical composition of natural powder dye $Pinux^{TM}$ manufactured from Pinus radiata bark and dyeability of dyed silk fabrics with $Pinux^{TM}$ were examined. It is made up of the optimum dyeing condition of silk fabric according to the dyeing concentration, dyeing time, and dyeing temperature. Also, we examined the colorfastness and antibiosis of dyed silk fabrics to washing, rubbing, perspiration and light. For the analysis of the chemical composition of $Pinux^{TM}$, the total contents of phenolic compound, proanthocyanidin(PA) and anti-oxidative activities of the dye were analyzed. As a result, it was found that the main components of the $Pinux^{TM}$ manufactured from Pinus radiata bark is proanthocyanidin, mostly a flavonoid containing a procyanidin structure, and it consists of approximately 63% phenol. As a result of examining the dyeability of silk fabrics with $Pinux^{TM}$, it showed that the dyeability was best under the conditions of the concentration of dye $1{\sim}1.5%$(wt/v%), dyeing time of 90 minutes, and dyeing temperature at $90^{\circ}C$. It was found that the colorfastness of dyed silk fabrics, colorfastness to washing, perspiration for acidic and rubbing were as good as grade 4 or 4-5. However, the colorfastness to light was low at grade 1, the same as the results of other natural dyed fabrics. As a result of the antibiosis measurement for the $Pinux^{TM}$-dyed silk fabrics, it showed high antibacterial properties to Staphylococcus sureus at 99.6%.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.720-726
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the food value of K. pictus sprouts. The total ginsenoside content was 67.4 mg/kg. Including Ginsenoside Rg1, a total of five different types were detected by the experiment. The total phenol content was 33.77 mg/100 g. Including seven different type of essential amino acids, the total amino acid content of K. pictus sprouts was 33,744 mg/100 g. The results of the analysis of the free amino acid content showed that the total bitterness was much higher than the total sweetness. From the above results, the food characteristics of K. pictus sprouts could be determined. To improve their consumption, their bitterness must be reduced.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.487-493
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• 2006

Reductive dechlorination of chlorophenols by nickel coated iron was investigated to understand the feasibility of using Ni/Fe for the in situ remediation of contaminated groundwater. Zero Valent Iron(ZVI) was amended with Ni(II) ions to form bimetal(Ni/Fe). Dechlorination of five chlorophenol compounds and formation of intermediates were examined using Ni/Fe. Rate constant for each reaction pathway was quantified by the numerical integration of a series of differential rate equation. Experimental results showed that the sequence of hydrodechlorination rate constant was in the order of 2-CP>4-CP>2,4-DCP>2,4,6-TCP>2,6-DCP. The hydrodechlorination pathways for the conversion of each chlorophenol compound involves a full dechlorination to phenol via both concerted and stepwise mechanisms. Reaction pathways and corresponding kinetic rate constants were suggested based on the experiments and numerical simulations.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.758-762
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• 2007

A new alkyldithiocarbonate (xanthate), as sodium salts, C2H5OCS2Na, was synthesized by the reaction between CS2 with ethyl alcohol in the presence of NaOH. The new xanthate was characterized by 1H NMR, IR and elemental analysis. Then, the new synthesized compound was examined for functional study of cresolase activity of Mushroom Tyrosinase (MT) from a commercial source of Agricus bisporus in 10 mM phosphate buffer pH 6.8, at three temperatures of 10, 20 and 33℃ using UV spectrophotemetry. 4-[(4-methylphenyl)- azo]-phenol (MePAPh) was used as a synthetic substrate for the enzyme for cresolase reaction. The results show that ethyl xanthate can activate or inhibit the cresolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase depending to the concentration of ethyl xanthate. It was concluded that the enzyme has two distinct sites for ethyl xanthate. The first one is a high-affinity activation site and the other is a low-affinity inhibition site. Activation of the enzyme in the low concentration of ethyl xanthate arises from increasing the affinity of binding for the substrate as well as increasing the enzyme catalytic constant. The affinity of ligand binding in the activation site is decreased by increasing of the temperature, which is the opposite result for the inhibition site. Hence, the nature of the interaction of ethyl xanthate is different in two distinct sites. The binding process for cresolase inhibition is only entropy driven, meanwhile the binding process for cresolase activation is not only entropy driven but also enthalpy driven means that hydrophobic interaction is more important in the inhibition site.