• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.143-153
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• 2002

Fashion has been analyzed and explained in diverse ways. Fashion, like every phase of culture, is a reflection of the Zeitgeist. In order to understand the changing fashion we must understand the changing society. For fashion of a period are expressions of the interrelation of the various elements of the culture, including the social and political values, the economic and industrial progress, art, the development of technology, etc... Particularly fashion is closely connected with a style of art. In a style of art, futurism focused on the "dynamism" resulting from super-speed and high-technology. This study aimed to review literatures, fashion magazines, web-site in order to know how the dynamism of futurism is expressed in modern fashion. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Dynamism was expressed by means of lines, colors, patterns through the eyesights visually. Asymmetrical oblique lines, zig-zag lines or bold cutting expressed the mechanical and offensive dynamism. In contrast, such lines as curves and spirals expressed the soft and natural dynamism. Primary colors or complementary contrast expressed energetic and rhythmical dynamism. The geometrical patterns and automobile wheels patterns expressed dynamism resulting from mechanical aesthetics. 2. Dynamism was expressed through repeat of lines, colors, patterns, and textiles. Particularly Vinyl material, fluorescent material, metallic material, beads, and spangle expressed a strong dynamism. On the other hand, natural materials, paper and other similar ones are used to signify the orientation towards a futuristic high-technology society.y society.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.690-693
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• 2003

Soft x-ray microscopy provides a unique set of capabilities in-between those of visible light and electron microscopy. It has long been recognized that nature provides a 'water window' spectral region between the K shell x-ray absorption edges of carbon (~290eV) and oxygen (~540eV), where organic materials show strong absorption and phase contrast, while water is relatively non-absorbing. This enables imaging of hydrated biological specimens that are several microns thick with high intrinsic contrast using x-rays with a wavelength of 2.3~4.4nm. Soft X-ray microscopy is therefore well suited to the study of specimens like single biological cells. The most direct advantage of X-ray microscope is their high spatial resolution when compared with visible light microscopes, combined with an ability to image hydrated specimens that are several microns with a minimum of preparation. Our study describes the conceptual design of soft x-ray microscope system based on a laser-based source for biomedical application with high resolution ($\leq$50nm) and short exposure time ($\leq$30sec).

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.181-203
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• 1991

The effects of geologic structures such as rock joins and bedding planes on the thermal conductivity of a discontinuous rock mass are studied. The expressions for the equivalent thermal conductivities of jointed rock masses are derived and found to be anisotropic. The degree of anisotropy depends primarily on the thermal properties contrast between the joint phase and surrounding intact rock, the joint density expressed as volume fraction and the inclination angle of the joint. Within the context of 2-dimensional finite element heat transfer scheme, the isotherms around a circular hole are analyzed for both the isotropic and anisotropic rock masses in 3 different thermal boundary conditions. i.e. temperature, heat flux and convection boundary conditions. The temperature in the stratified anisotripic rock mass is greatly influenced by the thermal properties of the rock formation in contact with the heat source. Using the excavation-temperature coupled elastic plastic finite element method, analyzed is the thermo-mechanical stability of a circular opening subjected to 10$0^{\circ}C$ at a depth of 527m. It is found that the thermal stress concentration was enough to deteriorate the stability and form a plastic yield zone around the opening, in contrast to the safety factor greater than 2 resulted form the excavation-only analysis.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 1989

The eels, Anguilla japonica, were reared in a tank with daily feeding for up to 97 days, and otoliths were regularly collected for the observation of their microstructures. Microscopic observation of the thin-sectioned otolith under dark field provided significant information on daily growth increments as well as the difference in visual contrast shown by the increments. Clearly defined elver mark formed during the metamorphosis from leptocephalus to the elver can be considered as the origin of the age for the sedentary yellow eel in continental water. The close correspondence between the number of increments outside elver mark and chronological age in days from the beginning of feeding indicates that increment deposition on a daily basis was initiated with the start of feeding for the sedentary yellow eel. Either 7 or 14 daily growth increments were grouped together into 2 alternative units, each distinguished by prominent checks or by visual contrast. The absence of any apparent environmental variations with 7 or 14 day period in the reared tank implies that the phase of the moon could be a zeitgeber for the endogenous rhythm.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.07d
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• pp.1274-1276
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• 1997

We have investigated the crystallization properties of $Te_x(Sb_{85}Ge_{15})_{100-x}$ (x=0.3, 0.5, 1.0 at.%) thin films as observing the reflectance change, XRD and SEM. The reflectance difference(${\Delta}R$) between amorphous and crystalline phases appears appoximately 20%, in all films, at 780nm(diode laser wavelength). In the case of $Te_{0.5}(Sb_{85}Ge_{15})_{99.5}$ thin film, especially, ${\Delta}R$ is about 30%. Also, amophous-to-crystalline phase change is observed at all films. Therefore, $Te_{0.5}(Sb_{85}Ge_{15})_{99.5}$ thin film can be evaluated as attractive optical recording material with low loss and high contrast ratio.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2007

The effects of antimetabolite 6-AN (6-amino-nicotinamide) on viability and morphology of L6 myoblast cells have been investigated. 6-AN ($100{\mu}M$) induced a time-dependent decrease in cell viability with respect to the untreated control cells. Following 6-AN administration the viability rate started to decline sharply, reaching about 23% of the untreated control cells at 48 h. Inverted phase-contrast microscopy revealed that 6-AN caused characteristic morphological changes such as irregularly elongated and stellate shape of cells, round-shaped nucleus, cytoplasmic vacuolization, irregular cell arrangements and formation of large spaces among cell clusters. The concentrations of ATP and $NAD^{+}$ in the 6-AN treated cells were significantly lower (p < 0.01) than those of the untreated control cells. In contrast, the concentration of AMP was significantly increased by the 6-AN treatment. Activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in 6-AN treated cells were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those of the untreated control cells. The activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in 6-AN treated cells were significantly lower (p < 0.01) than those of the untreated control cells. The results suggest that 6-AN caused marked reduction of cell viability and alterations of some important metabolites and enzymes.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2019

Grating interferometry based imaging technology is a kind of radiation imaging system, which can acquire not only absorption image but also phase difference and dark field image using the Talbot pattern. However, because of the technological difficulties and high cost of fabricating the gratings that make up the system, much efforts are being made to look for ways to replace them. The is a preliminary study to see how the Talbot pattern transfer through various kinds of scintillators and if the optical grating can be a way to replace the conventional absorption gratings. The geometry of the interferometer, the scintillator model, and the scintillator thickness are the main inputs for our simulation. We have used the concept of modulation for quantitative analysis of the contrast ratio of the Talbot pattern. This research is expected to provide very useful information on the design of optical gratings, which is an alternative way to analyze the Talbot pattern, which we have filed a patent on.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.598-614
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• 2022

While ultrasound (US) is considered an important tool for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance, it has limited sensitivity for detecting early-stage HCC. Abbreviated MRI (AMRI) has recently gained popularity owing to better sensitivity in its detection of early-stage HCC than US, while also minimizing the time and cost in comparison to complete contrast-enhanced MRI, as AMRI includes only a few essential sequences tailored for detecting HCC. Currently, three AMRI protocols exist, namely gadoxetic acid-enhanced hepatobiliary-phase AMRI, dynamic contrast-enhanced AMRI, and non-enhanced AMRI. In this study, we discussed the rationale and technical details of AMRI techniques for achieving optimal surveillance performance. The strengths, weaknesses, and current issues of each AMRI protocol were also elucidated. Moreover, we scrutinized previously performed AMRI studies regarding clinical and technical factors. Reporting and recall strategies were discussed while considering the differences in AMRI protocols. A risk-stratified approach for the target population should be taken to maximize the benefits of AMRI and the cost-effectiveness should be considered. In the era of multiple HCC surveillance tools, patients need to be fully informed about their choices for better adherence to a surveillance program.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 2010

To assess the clinical value of time resolved imaging of contrast kinetics(TRICKS) MRA by comparison with conventional time of flight(TOF) MR angiography. Both TOF-MRA and TRICKS-MRA were performed in 17 patients with cerebrovascular disease and in 6 patients with brain tumor. Among 17 cerebraovascular patients, digital subtraction angiography(DSA) data were also obtained in 11 patients. TOF-MRA showed good spatial resolution but short in temporal resolution. Although TRICKS-MRA showed somewhat low spatial resolution, it showed superior temporal resolution by distinguishing vessel and tumor in all patients. Also, from the analysis of vessel-tumor relationship, TRICKS-MRA showed better performance than TOF-MRA. TRICKS-MRA makes it possible to image arterial, capillary and venous phase sequentially with very speedy manner and therefore, the clinical use of this method is highly suggestive for future use.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.213-223
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• 2022

Although the number of computed tomography(CT) is increasing every year, it is insufficient to establish appropriate workload calculation standards of radiologic technologist to provide optimal medical services to patients, such as patient safety management and infection management. The purpose of this study is to present guidelines for calculating the appropriate workload of radiologic technologist by analyzing the work flow of CT procedures and the time required for CT examination in major hospitals. As for the study subjects and methods, the appropriate process for each step of CT examination was investigated to systematically present the process and time required for the actual examination, and the CT procedure time of 104,105 adult patients and 465 pediatric patients under the age of 6 were analyzed. For the time required, data according to the use of contrast medium, procedure type, and adult/child were collected and compared. The test time of CT examination using contrast medium took about 13 minutes when one radiologic technologist worked and about 9 minutes when two radiologic technologists worked. The time required for the procedures were statistically significant depending on the presence or absence of contrast medium, multi-phase procedure, and patient age (considering pediatric patients). As a result, in order to thoroughly perform patient safety and infection management, the appropriate workload increased by about 40% when there were two radiologic technologists. The limit workload was an average of 32 people per day with one radiologic technologist per 15 minutes, and 48 people per day with two radiologic technologist per 10 minutes. This is a marginal workload, and in the case of procedures that require more time to acquire radiographic images, the interval between reservations should be widened.