• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.33-40
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• 1981

The purpose of this research was to see through the special qualities and prospects I different localities as to compare the actual conditions of clothes for everyday wear of the city with the town. The results investigated the style of dress in Deajeon city and youseong town throughout Winter, Spring, and Summer were as follows: 1) In hair style, commonly throughout Winter, Spring, summer, permanent style was superior in number as compared with the chignon In youseong, throughout Winter and Spring, chignon far out-numbered permanent one. 2) In winter, while citizens wore more half coats than long ones, the townsfolk had long coats on as many as that. In Spring and Summer, people dressed in blouse were shown aplenty both Deajeon and youseong and it was the latter that became more and more conspicuous I Summer. The degrees of wearing korean clothing were shown at a high rate in youseong I Spring. In both regions, throughout the year, adjusting themselves forward was of frequent occurrence. 3) In Winter and Spring, both of them put long skirts on and in Summer put normal skirts to frequent use respectively. jean pants were shown in Daejeon remarkable in spring, while the townsfolk wore Mon-pae and korean clothing. 4) throughout Spring and Summer, slippers were frequent use commonly in both regions. And in Spring, people put on more Ko Mu, sin than shoes, especially in youseong. The downward-phase shoestype has been shown markedly in both regions but Daejeon has shown a sharp contrast to youseong.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.173-181
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• 2010

In this paper, light-emitting-diode (LED) backlight driving circuits and dimming method for medium-sized and large liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are proposed. The double loop control method, the intelligent-phase-shifted PWM dimming method, the fast-switching current regulator, and the current matching techniques are proposed to improve not only the current regulation characteristics and the power efficiency but also the current matching characteristics and the transient response of the LED current. The brightness of the backlight using the proposed local dimming method was determined from the histogram of the local block to reduce the power consumption of the backlight without image distortion. The measured maximum power efficiency of the LED backlight driving circuit for medium-sized LCDs was 90%, and the simulation results showed an 88% maximum power efficiency of the LED backlight driving circuit for large LCDs. The maximum backlight power-saving ratio of the proposed dimming method was 41.7% in the simulation with a high-contrast image. The experiment and simulation results showed that the performance of LEDs as LCD backlight units (BLUs) improved with the proposed circuits and method.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.373-377
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• 1995

Four Bacillus thuringiensis isolates obtained from soil samples in Korea produce parasporal inclusions non-toxic to 10 insect species of three orders, Lepidopera, Diptera and Coleoptera. These four isolates are named NTB-1, NTB-2, NTB-3 and NTB-4, respectively. The morphology of parasporal inclusions of four isolates observed by phase contrast- and scanning electron microscope was all ovoid. Characterization of four non-toxic B. thuringiensis isolates was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and restriction endonuclease analysis. The results showed that parasporal inclusion proteins and total plasmid DNA profiles of four isolates are different from other known non-toxic B. thuringiensis strains', suggesting that four isolates are novel.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.349-353
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• 2009

Lysophosphatidic Acid (LPA) is a bioactive lysophospholipid that is a potent signaling molecule able to provoke a variety of cellular responses in many cell types such as differentiation, inflammation and apoptosis. In this study, we have investigated the effect of LPA on Nitric oxide (NO)-induced apoptosis in rabbit articular chondrocytes. LPA dramatically reduced NO induced apoptosis of chondrocytes determined by phase contrast microscope and MTT assay. When chondrocytes alone treated with LPA, LPA induced phosphorylation of p70S6kinase, a serine/threonine kinase that acts downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK-1) in the PI3 kinase pathway, dose-dependently detected by Western blot analysis. Phosphorylation of p70S6k with LPA was reduced expression of p53 in NO-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes. Also, inhibition of p70S6kinase with rapamycin was enhanced expression of p53 in chondrocytes. Our findings collectively suggest that LPA regulates NO induced apoptosis through p70S6kinase pathway in rabbit articular chondrocytes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1842-1848
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• 2002

Although DLC coatings have good tribological properties, these are dependant on the deposition method, the property of contact surface, and test condition. Humidity, which has little influence on tribological behavior in macro scale, is an important factor of tribological behavior in small devices like MEMS. The objective of this study is to investigate the tribological behavior of DLC coatings with particular attention to their wettability at various humidities. DLC coatings were deposited on Si substrates and tested using a reciprocating friction tester against Si$_3$N$_4$balls at various humidities. The results showed that the tribological behavior of DLC coatings was dependant on relative humidity and wettablility of DLC coatings. Friction coefficient at high relative humidity was higher thar that at low relative humidity. The tungsten-containing DLC coatings had a good wear resistance at low relative humidity whereas DLC coatings derived from argon(Ar)+cesium(Cs) gases showed a good wear resistance at high relative humidity.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.84-97
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• 1989

The influence of Zn, Si and Te diffusion on the interdiffusion in $GaAs-Ga_1_-xIN_xAs_1__yP_y$and InP$Ga_1__xIn_xAs_1__yP_y$ heterostructures was studied. The heterostructures were grown by liquid phase epitaxy, and the impurity diffusion into the heterostructures was carried out using metal compound or element sources. The extent of interdiffusion for both group III and V atoms was observed by depth profiling of matrix elements with secondary ion mass spectrometry and Auger electron spectroscopy. Selective enhancement of cation interdiffusion was observed by the concurrent Zn diffusion in both the GaAs based-and InP based-crystals. In contrast to the Zn diffusion, the Si diffusion in the GaAs based-crystal and the Te diffusion in the InP based-crystal enhanced both cation and anion interdiffusion to the same extent. A kick-out mechanism is proposed to explain the selective enhancement of the cation interdiffusion due to Zn, and a single vacancy mechanism is proposed for the interdiffusion due to Si and Te.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 2012

The objectives are to compare the airborne asbestos concentrations resulted from mitering of abestos cement roof sheets by a high-speed motor and a hand saw, and to monitor whether other workers near the test sites are vulnerable to the fibers exceeding the occupational exposure limit. Four test cases were carried out and altogether 7 personal and 4 area air samples were collected. The NIOSH method 7400 was employed for the air samplings and analysis. Using the phase contrast microscopy, fiber counting was conducted under Rule A. The study showed that the fiber concentration medians for personal air samples gathered from the two tools were 4.11 fibers/cc (ranged: 1.33-12.41 fibers/cc) and 0.13 fibers/cc (ranged: 0.01-5.00 fibers/cc) respectively. The median for the area samples was 0.59 fibers/cc (ranged: 0.14-3.32 fibers/cc). Comparing each study case, the concentration level caused by the high-speed motor saw was more than twice that of the hand saw. According to the area samples, the workers nearby the test site are at risk from high exposure to asbestos.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.15-19
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• 2015

We developed a high-throughput microscopy (HTM) method which enabled us to replace a conventional phase contrast microscopy (PCM) method that has been used as a standard analytical method for airborne asbestos. We could obtain the concentration of airborne asbestos fibers under detection limit by automated image processing and analysis using HTM method. Here we propose an improved image processing algorithm with variable parameters to enhance the accuracy of the HTM analysis. Since the variable parameters that compensate the difference of the brightness are applied to the individual images in our new image processing method, it is possible to enhance the accuracy of the automatic image analysis method for sample slides with low asbestos concentration that caused errors in binary image processing. We demonstrated that enumeration of fibers by improved image processing algorithm remarkably enhanced the accuracy of HTM analysis in comparison with PCM. The improved HTM method can be a potential alternative to conventional PCM.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.509-516
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• 2010

This study was investigated the characteristics of indoor air concentration of fiber particles in 30 public facilities and 245 schools by PCM (phase contrast microscopy). Also SEM/EDX (scanning electron microscope / energy dispersive using X-ray analysis) was used to obtain physicochemical information of asbestos fiber and to classify asbestos and non-asbestos of fiber particles. The airborne concentrations of fiber particles were $0.0009\pm0.0009$ counts/mL in public facilities and $0.0012\pm0.0006$ counts/mL in schools by PCM. All the samples were satisfied with the IAQ (indoor air quality) level of 0.01 counts/mL. In classification of 4 type shapes, over 80% of the fiber particles were identified as single fiber type. And this study analysed airborne fiber particles in 4 sites for identifying asbestos of by SEM/EDX. The asbestos fibers in most samples could not be found.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.305-315
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of smoking on adult periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy. The study population consisted of 40 patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis. Smokers(n=20) were defined as individuals smoking at least twenty cigarettes per day at the time of the initial examination. The non-smoking group(n=20) consisted of individuals who were not smoking at the initial examination. The average age was 42.4 years for the smoking and non-smoking group. Examination regarding plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth and contrast phase microscope were performed. Evaluation were made at the first, the second and the fourth weeks after periodontal non-surgical therapy. The results were as follows: 1. Clinical indices including plaque index, gingival index, and pocket depth were decreased in both smoking and non-smoking group at the first, the second, and the fourth weeks. Especially, clinical indices of non-smokers were more significantly decreased than those of smokers. 2. Non-motile rods were increased and motile rods were reduced at the fourth week. spirochetes were reduced significantly in the non-smoking group at the fourth week. These results suggest that smoking play a minor role in adult periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy.