• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

Purpose. The present study aimed to investigate the effective cleaning of healing abutment (HA) using Healing abutment case (HA case) by observing oral microorganisms with phase contrast microscope. Materials and methods. 32 patients with two or more implants placed in the same jaw, a total of 64 HAs (experimental group 32, control group 32) were selected and the control was cleaned with an alcohol swab. At the first and second visits, each group was observed before cleaning, and the experimental group was additionally observed after cleaning at the first visit. A 400× phase contrast microscope was used for the observation of oral microorganisms for its amounts. Results. There was no significant difference in the amount of oral microorganisms was found between the groups at the first visit, no significant difference according to gender, maxilla or mandible, and buccal or lingual surface. There was a statistically significant difference in the amount of oral microorganisms according to supra-gingival and sub-gingival (P<.05), There was also a significant difference in the comparison before and after cleaning in the experimental group (P<.05). There was a significant difference in the amount of oral microorganisms in each group at second visit (P<.05). Conclusion. Healing abutment cleaning using healing abutment case solution is more effective than simple cleaning with alcohol swab.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1105-1110
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• 2009

To assess the clinical value of time resolved imaging of contrast kinetics(TRICKS) MRA by comparison with conventional time of flight(TOF) MR angiography. Both TOF-MRA and TRICKS-MRA were performed in 17 patients with cerebrovascular disease and in 6 patients with brain tumor. Among 17 cerebraovascular patients, digital subtraction angiography(DSA) data were also obtained in 11 patients. TOF-MRA showed good spatial resolution but short in temporal resolution. Although TRICKS-MRA showed somewhat low spatial resolution, it showed superior temporal resolution by distinguishing vessel and tumor in all patients. Also, from the analysis of vessel-tumor relationship, TRICKS-MRA showed better performance than TOF-MRA. TRICKS-MRA makes it possible to image arterial, capillary and venous phase sequentially with very speedy manner and therefore, the clinical use of this method is highly suggestive for future use.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.354-365
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and its role as a second-line imaging modality after gadoxetate-enhanced MRI (Gd-EOB-MRI) in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among at risk observations. Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled participants at risk of HCC with treatment-naïve solid hepatic observations (≥ 1 cm) of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LR)-3/4/5/M during surveillance and performed Gd-EOB-MRI. A total of one hundred and three participants with 103 hepatic observations (mean size, 28.2 ± 24.5 mm; HCCs [n = 79], non-HCC malignancies [n = 15], benign [n = 9]; diagnosed by pathology [n = 57], or noninvasive method [n = 46]) were included in this study. The participants underwent CEUS with sulfur hexafluoride. Arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) and washout on Gd-EOB-MRI and CEUS were evaluated. The distinctive washout in CEUS was defined as mild washout 60 seconds after contrast injection. The diagnostic ability of Gd-EOB-MRI and of CEUS as a second-line modality for HCC were determined according to the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) and the Korean Liver Cancer Association and National Cancer Center (KLCA-NCC) guidelines. The diagnostic abilities of both imaging modalities were compared using the McNemar's test. Results: The sensitivity of CEUS (60.8%) was lower than that of Gd-EOB-MRI (72.2%, p = 0.06 by EASL; 86.1%, p < 0.01 by KLCA-NCC); however, the specificity was 100%. By performing CEUS on the inconclusive observations in Gd-EOB-MRI, HCCs without APHE (n = 10) or washout (n = 12) on Gd-EOB-MRI further presented APHE (80.0%, 8/10) or distinctive washout (66.7%, 8/12) on CEUS, and more HCCs were diagnosed than with Gd-EOB-MRI alone (sensitivity: 72.2% vs. 83.5% by EASL, p < 0.01; 86.1% vs. 91.1% by KCLA-NCC, p = 0.04). There were no false-positive cases for HCC on CEUS. Conclusion: The addition of CEUS to Gd-EOB-MRI as a second-line diagnostic modality increases the frequency of HCC diagnosis without changing the specificities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.619-625
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• 2017

The sudy was intended to evaluate the optimal equipment selection by quantitatively assessing the SNR(signal to noise ratio) and CNR(contrast to noise ratio) on the abdominal organ. This study performed on 1.5 T and 3.0 T MRI units focusing on HASTE, HASTE(f/s) and FFE(in of phase), FFE(out of phase) without using the contrast medium(Gadolinium). The data analysis was performed by randomly selecting on 1.5 T and 3.0 T abdominal MRI images. As a results, SNR and CNR values of 3.0 T is higher than 1.5 T at liver, kidney and spleen(p<0.05). Stomach, abdominal fat and pancreas was obtained a higher value at 1.5 T(p<0.05). On conclusion, the organs of outer part in the body showed generally a high value at 3.0 T, and the organs of inner part in the body including the gas showed a high value at 3.0 T because of a large difference on magnetic susceptibility.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.33-39
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• 2003

Purpose : Be aware of clinical possibilities on image quality by comparison of contrast-enhanced dynamic CT and MR imaging applied of MIP technique after the experimentally induced clonorchasis infection in dogs. Materials and Method : Twenty mongrel dogs prepared in zoo-laboratory were followed up with serial CT scans and MR imaging for 13 weeks after the experimental infection in liver. Two-phase helical CT was acquired in the supine position with the following scanning parameters. After the injection of contrast material, the arterial phase was initiated using a bolus-racking method. The portal phase scan was started 15 seconds after the arterial phase scan. CT protocol was determined after single level dynamic scans. MR imaging used the CP body coil and images get a 2D image using HASTE, FLASH, TSE pulse sequence. Bile duct MR imaging were obtained in three plans. Then each image was post processed by using target MIP algorithm. Two experimentation above, as a method of evaluation, one pathologist, three radiologist and five radiological technologist were analyzed visually for evaluation of following findings, enhancement of the bile duct wall, dilatation of bile duct tip, liver parenchyma, background suppression. Results : Five dogs was died of a disease after the infection, the rest one else shows the chronic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct with CT and MR imaging. Contrast administration of CT shows the contrast-enhanced of the bile duct walls with live parenchyma. MR imaging calculated of CNR and CR from pulse sequence for comparative evaluation and shows the pattern of the intrahepatic bile duct, dilatation of bile duct tip using MIP technique. CNR of the clonorchiasis, HASTE was $16{\pm}0.83$, TSE $7.06{\pm}3.0$, FLASH $1.19{\pm}0.2$ and CR, HASTE was 73.3%, TSE 62.3%, FLASH 6.4%. Conclusion : CT and MR imaging is very usefulness in diagnosis of dog clonorchiasis.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.411-417
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• 2015

To distinguish between HCC and HH is one of the important test methods in determining the treatment method by determining the treatment method by distinguishing malignant growth and benign tumors in liver CT scan. Currently, the specialist is reading CT images by their subjective judgment. So, the purpose of this study is to treat reading the CT images even more objective way. The test times after injection contrast medium in this study are the before injection phase(Pre.), artery phase(35sec), portal phase(70sec) and delay phase(180sec). The general pattern change of HCC in change of contrast enhancement pattern shows 26.6% matching. And the case of HH shows 16.6% matching. In order to observe the change of HU value between HCC and HH, each average values and standard deviation was confirm and as a result, it shows the lagre difference between artery and portal phase in lesion.(HCC$19.76{\pm}23.52$, HH$60.23{\pm}29.43$). And it shows the 76.6% matching in HCC and 80.0% matching in HH. Thorough this study, to suggest a HU value as objective analysis method and if the anlaysis method was used in clinical will assist in the diagnosis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.801-806
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• 2002

Cyclicpeptides are important targets in peptide synthesis because of their interesting biological properties. Constraining highly flexible linear peptides by cyclization is one of the mostly widely used approaches to define the bioactive conformation of peptides. Cyclic peptides often have increased receptor affinity and metabolic stability over their linear counterparts. We carried out virtual screening experiment via docking in order to understand the interaction between HLE-Human Leukocyte Elastase and ligand peptide and to identify the sequence that can be a target in various ligand peptides. We made cyclic peptides as a target base on Metlle-Phe sequence having affinity for ligand and receptor active site docking. There are three ways to cyclize certain sequences of amino acids such as Met-lie-Phe-Gly-Ile. First is head-to-tail cyclization method, linking between N-terminal and C-terminal. Second method utilizes amino acid side chain such as thiol functional group in Cys, making a thioether bond. The last one includes an application of resin-substituted amino acids in solid phase reaction. Among the three methods, solid phase reaction showed the greatest yield. Macrocyclization of Fmoc-Met-Ile-Phe-Gly-Ile-OBn after cleavage of Fmoc protection in solution phase was carried out to give macrocyclic compound 5 in about 7% yield. In the contrast with solution phase reaction, solid phase reaction for macrocyclization of Met-Ile-Phe-Gly-Ile-Asp-Tentagel in normal concentrated condition gave macrocyclic compound 7 in more than 35% yield.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.57-61
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• 2012

To compare the accuracy of breath-hold magnetic resonance imaging sequences to establish the most effective superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced sequence for detection of hepatic metastases. A total of 100 patients(50men and 50women, mean age: 60years) with liver disease(including malignant and benign liver lesions) were investigated at 3.0T machine (GE, General Electric Medical System, Excite HD) with 8Ch body coil. Pulse sequence for MR imaging decided to the FS-T2-FSE-RT(TR/TE/Thick./Freq./Phase=12857ms/100ms/7mm/512/384), MGRE(TR/TE/Thick./Freq./Phase=100ms/9.7ms/7mm/384/288), in-out of phase echo(TR/$TE_1$, $TE_2$/Thick./Freq./Phase=140ms/2.4, 5.8ms/7mm/352/300), Images obtained before the injection of SPIO. Six sequences were optimized for lesion detection: FS-T2-FSE-RT, multigradient recalled echo data image(MGRE), T2-weighted MGRE with an 9.7msec echo time. Images were reviewed independently by five blinded observers. The accuracy of each sequence was measured by using picture archiving communication system analysis. All results were correlated with findings at multidectator computed tomography examination. Differences between the mean results of the six observers were measured by using paired student t-test analysis. Postcontrast T2-weighted MGRE sequences were the most accurate and were significantly superior to postcontrast FS-T2-FSE-RT, T2-weighted MGRE, in-out of phase MR sequences(p < .05). For all lesions that were malignant or smaller than 1 cm, respectively, contrast to noise ratio of pre and postcontrast sequences were -1and -0.3 for T2-weighted FSE, 0.53 and 4.5 in-out of phase, 7, 7.08, 5.08, 3.32, 1.7, 1.16, 0.79, 0.68 for GRE with 2.9, 7.5, 12.1, 16.6, 21.2, 25.8, 30.4, 35.0 TE values. Breath-hold various TE precontrast sequences offer improvement in sensitivity compared with fixed multigradient recalled echo sequences alone.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.854-862
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of different levels of crude protein (CP) diets supplemented with dietary protease on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of the weanling pigs. In a 5-week study, 100 crossbred ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) of weaner pigs that have an average initial body weight (BW) of 7.17±1.06 kg were assigned to one of four dietary treatments with 5 replications and 5 pigs (3 gilts and 2 castrated male pigs) per pen in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were as follows: Phase 1: CON: basal diets (20.60% CP); low protein (LP): CON - 0.30% CP; PLP1: (CON - 0.30% CP) + 0.05% protease; PLP2: (CON - 0.50% CP) + 0.05% protease. Phase 2: CON: basal diets (18.88% CP); LP: CON - 0.30% CP; PLP1: (CON - 0.30% CP) + 0.05% protease; PLP2: (CON - 0.50% CP) + 0.05% protease. The addition of protease to low CP diets significantly increased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p = 0.039), BW (p = 0.046), average daily gain (ADG) (p = 0.049), and average daily feed intake (ADFI) tended to increase (p = 0.053) in the young pigs during phase 1. However, FCR tended to increase throughout the experiment but did not change during phase 2, whereas BW, ADG, and ADFI stayed unchanged throughout phase 2 and overall. There was no significant difference in dry matter, nitrogen (N), and gross energy of nutrient digestibility in all phases and overall in weaned pigs with low CP when protease was fed. In contrast, adding protease to the low CP diets increased the tendency of N digestibility (p = 0.059) during phase 1. It is concluded that dietary protease supplementation tended to increase N retention during the first phase of the weaning period, hence increasing piglet performance.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.93-100
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• 2002

In this paper, new simple model is developed to evaluate the variation of the magnitude and the phase contrast of force components with the development of excess pore pressure in backfill soil. Also, Newmark sliding block analysis is performed inputting the calculated total force from new model. The applicability of new simple model and Newmark sliding block model is verified from the analyses of 1g shaking table test results.