• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.166-167
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• 2008

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 2014

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.230-234
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• 2015

This paper includes a review of 555 drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) cases analyzed at the National Forensic Service (NFS), South Korea, between 2006 and 2012. The results of toxicological analyses of blood and urine samples were also reported, and furthermore the results were interpreted with respect to the number of drugs detected. The number of DFSA cases was highest during warmer summer months and the mean age of the victims was 25 years, with 48% being between 20 and 29 years. Accommodations or entertainment places were the most frequent place of the sexual assault (57%); and the assailant was a stranger in 72% of the DFSA cases. Drugs were identified in the blood or urine samples in 145 cases (26%) and sedative-hypnotics, such as benzodiazepines and zolpidem, were the most commonly detected, along with sedative antihistamines such as doxylamine and diphenhydramine. The frequent presence of sedative drugs in biological samples tends to implicate their use in chemical submission. However, interpreting the analytical results in terms of voluntary vs. surreptitious administration of drugs requires further detailed investigation and knowledge of the victim's health status and medication used at the time of event.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.14-20
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of obesity with medical care use and costs according to overall diseases, cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM). The final sample was a group of persons who were free of diseases mentioned above and were not underweight. Their baseline screening program data and health insurance contribution data were connected with a 7-year medical claim database. The participants were classified according to their baseline BMI into normal, overweight, obese, and severely obese groups. Given the disease type, the total costs of DM showed the largest difference in each obesity group in both males and females. Also, the pharmacy costs for DM were more relevant than any other type of service to the obesity level. Considering the high prevalence of obesity and the relevantly increased medical care use and costs, there is a need for reduction in medical costs through obesity prevention efforts.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.82-91
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• 2022

Grayanotoxin-contaminated honey exhibits toxicity. In this study, a reliable and sensitive liquid-chromatography-tandem-mass-spectrometric method (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the quantitation of grayanotoxin I and grayanotoxin III in honey. The grayanotoxins were extracted from honey via solid phase extraction and separated on a biphenyl column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.5 % acetic acid in water and methanol. Mass spectrometric detection was performed in the multiple-reaction monitoring mode with positive electrospray ionization. The calibration curve covered the range 0.25 to 100 ㎍/g. The intra- and inter-day deviations were less than 10.6 %, and the accuracy was between 94.3 and 114.0 %. The validated method was successfully applied to the determination of grayanotoxins in mad honey from Nepal. The concentrations of grayanotoxin I and grayanotoxin III in 33 out of 60 mad honey samples were 0.75 - 64.86 ㎍/g and 0.25 - 63.99 ㎍/g, respectively. The method established herein would help in preventing and confirming grayanotoxin poisoning.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 1999

The goal of oral anticoagulation therapy with warfarin is to maintain INR values within the therapeutic range in order to prevent complications such as bleeding and thrombosis. The purposes of this study were to investigate the current level of anticoagulation control using INR values, to investigate the incidences of thromboembolism and bleeding complications, and to compare the effect of low intensity INR regimen with therapeutic range recommended by ACCP (American College of Chest Physician). Two hundred three patients with mechanical heart valve replacement done at Yonsei University Cardiovascular Center between January 1994 and December 1996 were selected and reviewed retrospectively. The target INR ranges of $2.5\sim3.5$ (ACCP standard) and low intensity INR of $2.0\sim3.5$ were used for evaluation. According to ACCP standard, $51.2\%$ of patients and $31.1\%$ of INR values were within the therapeutic range when average INR and cumulative INR were used, respectively. Applying low intensity INR values of $2.0\sim3.5$, the therapeutic control was achieved in $57.4\%\;and\;90.1\%$, using average INR and total INR, respectively. The incidences of major and minor bleedings were $0.5\%\;and\;26.6\%$, respectively. The incidence of thromboembolism was $0.5\%$. There was no significant difference in terms of complication incidences between INR $2.0\sim2.5\;and\;INR\;2.5\sim3.5$ groups. However, INR values at the time of bleeding were generally high. In conclusion, the evaluation of patients with mechanical heart valve replacement showed low level of therapeutic control with warfarin therapy. This is partially explained by the fact that the physicians at Yonsei University Cardiovascular Center were using lower intensity INR values as a goal than recommended INR. Also, in the near future, systematic anticoagulation service should be implemented at various hospitals in Korea so that patients on anticoagulant therapy can be more closely monitored to be within the recommended INR by ACCP.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.369-375
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• 2013

Objective: Using the Korean Health Panel data (KHP) of 2008 and 2009, this paper analyzed the effect of antihypertension medication adherence on the changes in medical service utilization and medical expenditure in the next year. Method: Through a face-to-face interview survey, KHP has provided an extensive data on demographic characteristics, medical utilizations behavior, medical expenditure and health behaviors of the targeted households and their members since 2008. KHP is recognized as highly accurate regarding medical expenditure in that it makes the target households to record 'Health diary' whenever they use healthcare service, which could minimize their cognitive bias or memory distortion. The 2010 KHP data was based on the interview from 6,432 households and 19,697 household members. Two part model was used to explore the effects of medication adherence on medical use (logistic regression analysis) and medical expenditures (OLS). Result: Our study result demonstrated that the 74.7% of the patients who strictly adhere to their medication in both years, in 2008 and in 2009, were likely to use inpatient service in 2010. This shows the noncompliant patients were in fact use emergency service less than the compliant patients. Conclusion: Based on our analysis, this paper concludes that the high medication adherence of hypertensive patients could contribute to reduce the emergency service use. Therefore it is highly recommendable for the Korean government and the insurer, NHIS, to actively invest in developing education and promotion program to improve medication adherence among hypertensive patients.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

Objectives: Several practice guidelines recommended both medication and behavior modification to control hypertension. The objective of this study was to analyze ambulatory care utilization pattern and related factors. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 45,267 new users who initiated treatment with hypertensive drugs in 2003. Korean National Health Insurance Claims Data was used to study the medical care utilization behavior and related factors after treatment initiation for up to four years. Taking prescription was considered as medical care utilization. Results: More than 20% of patients discontinued visiting physicians for prescription after initiating antihypertensive drug therapy. The average number of institutions visited by patients was about 1.3 annually. Clinic was the most frequently visited institution by patients. In GEE analysis, probability of continuous visit one institution after initiating antihypertensive drug treatment increased in patients who were women, old, have comorbidity, visited clinic or hospital mainly in previous year. Conclusions: Young hypertensive male patients who have no major comorbidity showed high possibility to discontinue medical service utilization. It is necessary to educate these targeted patients about importance of hypertension management in early stage after treatment initiation.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.186-194
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• 2017

Objectives: A significant concern has been raised about the emerging resistance that is largely caused by the excessive or inappropriate use of antibacterial agents for viral respiratory infections. This study investigated the trend of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and the use of antibiotics. Methods: Utilizing the national level health insurance claims data from 2005 to 2008, we examined encounter days, antibiotic use, and the prescription rate for respiratory tract infections including upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), and otitis media in outpatient settings. The antibiotic use was measured as defined daily dose per 1,000 patients per day (DDD/1,000 patients/day). Results: The visit for URTI increased from 141,693,465 in 2005 to 120,717,966 in 2008 and the visit for LRTI decreased from 61,778,718 to 66,930,122. For RTIs, prescription rates of antibiotics decreased from 65.2% to 58.5% for URTIs and 76.9% to 68.3% for LRTIs from 2005 to 2008. The antibiotic use decreased to 20.85 DDD/1,000 patients/day after a significant increase of 22.01 DDD/1,000 patients/day in 2006. Among antibiotics, J01CR had the highest use- 7.93 DDD/1,000 patients/day followed by J01DC of 3.71 DDD/1,000 patients/day and J01FA of 3.2 DDD/1,000 patients/day. One notable trend is that J01FA presented a continuous increase in antibiotic use from 2.3 in 2005 to 3.26 DDD/1,000 patients/day in 2008. Conclusion: The use of antibiotics had poor compliance to guidelines for RTIs. Despite decrease in the use of antibiotics, prescription rates for URTIs were still about 50% indicating that the delayed prescribing antibiotics (or wait-and-see) were not observed.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.138-146
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• 2007

A simple and sensitive method for the determination of paroxetine in canine plasma was developed and validated by liquid-liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-/MS/MS). Fluoxetine was used as an internal standard. Paroxetine and internal standard in plasma samples were extracted using TBME (tert-butyl methyl ether). A centrifuged upper layer was then evaporated and reconstituted with mobile phase of 50% acetonitrile adjusted to pH 3 by formic acid. The reconstituted samples were injected into a Capcell Pak UG120 ($2.0{\times}150mm$, $5{\mu}m$) column. Using MS/MS with SRM (selective reaction monitoring) mode, the transitions (precursor to product) monitored were m/z $330{\rightarrow}192$ for paroxetine, and m/z $310{\rightarrow}148$ for internal standard. Linear detection responses were obtained for paroxetine concentration range of 0.02~5 ng/mL. A correlation coefficient of linear regression ($R^2$) was 0.9993. Detection of paroxetine in canine plasma was accurate and precise, with limit of quantification at 0.02 ng/mL. The method has been successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of paroxetine in healthy beagle dogs.