• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.179-190
• /
• 2024

Canabas sativa L. (marijuana and hemp)는 전 세계적으로 널리 재배되는 식물로 식품, 의약품 등의 재료로 사용되었다. 본 연구는 네트워크 약리학을 이용하여 대마 줄기 및 뿌리 추출물의 기능적 효과를 예측하고 이들의 새로운 기능을 알아보고자 하였다. 줄기 및 뿌리 에탄올 추출물의 성분은 GC/MS로 확인하였고, 성분과 단백질 간의 네트워크는 STIHICI 데이터베이스를 이용하여 알아보았다. 성분과 연결된 단백질의 작용기전은 KEGG pathway 분석을 수행하였다. 추출물의 효과는 실시간 PCR을 이용하여 lysophosphatylcholine 유도 THP-1 세포에서 확인하였다. 줄기 및 뿌리 추출물에서 각각 21개 및 32개의 성분이 확인되었다. 줄기 및 뿌리의 성분과 연결된 단백질은 각각 147개, 184개의 단백질이었다. KEGG pathway 분석결과 MAPK signaling pathway를 포함한 69개의 경로가 추출물에 의해 공통적으로 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 경로 네크워크를 이용한 추가 조사 결과, Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis 추출물 및 MVK와 MVD 의해 영향을 받을 가능성이 높으며, 유전자 발현은 추출물에 의해 LPC 유도 THP-1 세포에서 감소하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대마 줄기 및 뿌리 에탄올 추출물이 다양한 경로로 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 보여주었고, 이러한 결과는 대마의 효과를 예측하고 연구하기 위한 기초 정보를 제공할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.75-94
• /
• 2022

Objectives : To identify the active ingredient of Poncirus Trifoliata Immaturus and to explore the mechanism expected to potentially act on dermatitis accompanied by pruritus. Methods : We conducted the network pharmacological analysis. We selected effective ingredients among the active compounds of Poinciri Fructus Immaturus. We found the target protein of the selected active ingredient, disease(dermatitis accompanied by pruritus) and fexofenadine. Then we established the network between the proteins which Poinciri Fructus Immaturus and fexofenadine intersected with disease respectively, and the coregene was also extracted. After that, the active pathways in the human body involving the groups and coregenes were searched. Results : Total of 7 active ingredients were selected, and 202 target proteins were collected. There were 756 proteins related to inflammatory skin disease accompanied by pruritus, and 75 proteins were related to fexofenadine. 42 proteins crossed by Poinciri Fructus Immaturus with a disease, and 31 proteins crossed by fexofenadine with a disease. 12 proteins were found as a coregene from the proteins that cross Poinciri Fructus Immaturus and disease. Coregenes are involved in 'Nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity', 'Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway'. 2 groups that extracted are invloved in 'Fc receptor signaling pathway', 'Central carbon metabolism in cancer', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IB', and 'omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway'. Conclusion : It is expected that Poinciri Fructus Immaturus will be able to show direct or indirect anti-pruritus and anti-inflammatory effects on skin inflammation accompanied by pruritus in the future. And it is also expected to have a synergy effect with fexofenadine on skin disease.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2010

Background: Cordyceps militaris has been used in traditional medicine to treat numerous diseases and has been reported to possess both antitumor and immunomodulatory activities in vitro and in vivo. However, the pharmacological and biochemical mechanisms of Cordyceps militaris extract (CME) on macrophages have not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, we examined how CME induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines, transcription factor, and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules. Methods: We confirmed the mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines through RT-PCR and western blot analysis, followed by a FACS analysis for surface molecules. Results: CME dose dependently increased the production of NO and proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, and $PGE_2$, and it induced the protein levels of iNOS, COX-2, and proinflammatory cytokines in a concentrationdependent manner, as determined by western blot and RT-PCR analysis, respectively. The expression of co-stimulatory molecules such as ICAM-1, B7-1, and B7-2 was also enhanced by CME. Furthermore, the activation of the nuclear transcription factor, NF-${\kappa}B$ in macrophages was stimulated by CME. Conclusion: Based on these observations, CME increased proinflammatory cytokines through the activation of NF-${\kappa}B$, further suggesting that CME may prove useful as an immune-enhancing agent in the treatment of immunological disease.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제46권6호
• /
• pp.750-758
• /
• 2022

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional condition between normality and dementia. Ginseng is known to have effects on attenuating cognitive deficits in neurogenerative diseases. Ginsenosides are the main bioactive component of ginseng, and their protein targets have not been fully understood. Furthermore, no thorough analysis is reported in ginsenoside-related protein targets in MCI. Methods: The candidate protein targets of ginsenosides in brain tissues were identified by drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) coupled with label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Network pharmacology approach was used to collect the therapeutic targets for MCI. Based on the above-mentioned overlapping targets, we built up a proteineprotein interaction (PPI) network in STRING database and conducted gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. Finally, we assessed the effects of ginseng total saponins (GTS) and different ginsenosides on mitochondrial function by measuring the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex and performing molecular docking. Results: We screened 2526 MCI-related protein targets by databases and 349 ginsenoside-related protein targets by DARTS. On the basis of these 81 overlapping genes, enrichment analysis showed the mitochondria played an important role in GTS-mediated MCI pharmacological process. Mitochondrial function analysis showed GTS, protopanaxatriol (PPT), and Rd increased the activities of complex I in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular docking also predicted the docking pockets between PPT or Rd and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. Conclusion: This study indicated that ginsenosides might alleviate MCI by targeting respiratory chain complex I and regulating mitochondrial function, supporting ginseng's therapeutic application in cognitive deficits.

• 한국비블리아학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.29-54
• /
• 2023

본 연구는 한국 근대의학을 대표하는 의학교육기관에서 발행된 논문을 계량학적으로 분석하여 공통 및 학술지별 연구 주제를 파악하고 기관에 따른 저자 특성, 연구 경향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 경성의학전문학교와 경성제국대학 의학부에서 발행한 학술지 2종에 수록된 연구 논문 총 682건을 대상으로 저자 분석, 빈도 분석, 주제 분석을 수행하였다. 연구 결과, 경성의전 기요에 참여한 저자의 소속은 학교 및 병원 등 다양한 기관이 조사되었으며, 기초의학 전공과 임상의학 전공이 비슷한 비율을 차지하였다. 경성제대 의학부 기요는 학교 소속 저자만이 참여하였으며, 기초의학 전공은 96.33%임에 비해 임상의학 전공은 3.36%로 현저히 적었다. MeSH on Demand를 활용하여 논문 제목에서 추출한 MeSH 용어를 대상으로 동시출현 네트워크 분석을 실시한 결과, 두 학술지에서 공통으로 등장한 중심 주제어는 'erythrocytes'로 여러 장기 및 질병에 따른 적혈구 상태를 분석한 연구가 진행되었다. 빈도 분석 결과, 두 학술지에서 공통으로 혈액 및 혈구에 초점을 맞춘 연구와 당시 유행했던 질병인 빈혈과 결핵에 대한 연구가 등장하였다. 각 학술지의 주요 연구 주제를 비교한 결과, 경성의전 기요는 염증 질환에 대한 연구와 사람을 대상으로 한 임상병리학적 연구가 다수 확인되었으며, 경성제대 의학부 기요는 동물을 대상으로 한 해부학적 연구와 의약품에 대한 약리학적 연구가 주로 진행되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 설립 목표가 다른 두 의학전문학교에서 진행된 연구 주제와 주요 키워드를 파악하고, 학술지에 따른 연구 영역의 차이를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.30-50
• /
• 2023

Objectives : To investigate the active compounds and therapeutic mechanisms of Atractylodes Lancea(Thunb.) D.C. and Magnolia Officinalis Rehder et Wilson in the treatment of dermatitis accompanied by pruritus, as well as their potential to complement or replace standard drugs. Methods : We conducted the network pharmacological analysis. We selected effective ingredients among the active compounds of research target herbs. Then we explore pathway/terms of the common target proteins among research target herbs, fexofenadine and disease. Results : We selected 9 active compounds are selected from Atractylodes lancea and identified 231 target proteins. Among them, 74 proteins are associated with inflammatory skin diseases that cause pruritus. These proteins are involved in various pathways including, 'Nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity', 'Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase activity, Aromatase activity', 'RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity', 'Arachidonic acid metabolism', 'Peptide hormone processing', 'Chemokine binding' and 'Sterol biosynthetic process'. Additionally, coregenes are involved in 'IL-17 signaling pathway'. Similarly, we selected 2 active compounds from Magnolia officinalis and identified 133 target proteins. Among them, 33 proteins are related to inflammatory skin diseases that cause pruritus. These proteins are primarily involved in 'Vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation' and 'Arachidonic acid metabolism'. There is no significant difference between the pathways in which coregenes are involved. Conclusions : It is expected that Atractylodes Lancea will be able to show direct or indirect anti-pruritus and anti-inflammatory effects on skin inflammation accompanied pruritus through suppressing inflammation and protecting skin barrier. Meanwhile, it is expected that Magnolia Officinalis will only be able to show indirect anti-inflammation effects. Therefore, Atractylodes Lancea and fexofenadine are believed to complement each other, whereas Magnolia Officialinalis is expected to provide supplementary support on skin disease.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.98-105
• /
• 2009

Background: It has been recently noticed that type 2 diabetes (T2D), one of the most common metabolic diseases, causes a chronic low-grade inflammation and activation of the innate immune system that are closely involved in the pathogenesis of T2D. Cordyceps militaris, a traditional medicinal mushroom, produces a component compound, cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine). Cordycepin has been known to have many pharmacological activities including immunological stimulating, anti-cancer, and anti-infection activities. The molecular mechanisms of cordycepin in T2D are not clear. In the present study, we tested the role of cordycepin on the anti-diabetic effect and anti-inflammatory cascades in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Methods: We confirmed the levels of diabetes regulating genes mRNA and protein of cytokines through RT-PCR and western blot analysis and followed by FACS analysis for the surface molecules. Results: Cordycepin inhibited the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ in LPS-activated macrophages via suppressing protein expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. T2D regulating genes such as $11{\beta}$-HSD1 and PPAR${\gamma}$ were decreased as well as expression of co-stimulatory molecules such as ICAM-1 and B7-1/-2 were also decreased with the increment of its concentration. In accordance with suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine production lead to inhibition of diabetic regulating genes in activated macrophages. Cordycepin suppressed NF-${\kappa}B$ activation in LPS-activated macrophages. Conclusion: Based on these observations, cordycepin suppressed T2D regulating genes through the inactivation of NF-${\kappa}B$ dependent inflammatory responses and suggesting that cordycepin will provide potential use as an immunomodulatory agent for treating immunological diseases.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제48권2호
• /
• pp.220-228
• /
• 2024

Background: Panax ginseng, one of the valuable perennial medicinal plants, stores numerous pharmacological substrates in its storage roots. Given its perennial growth habit, organ regeneration occurs each year, and cambium stem cell activity is necessary for secondary growth and storage root formation. Cytokinin (CK) is a phytohormone involved in the maintenance of meristematic cells for the development of storage organs; however, its physiological role in storage-root secondary growth remains unknown. Methods: Exogenous CK was repeatedly applied to P. ginseng, and morphological and histological changes were observed. RNA-seq analysis was used to elucidate the transcriptional network of CK that regulates P. ginseng growth and development. The HISTIDINE KINASE 3 (PgHK3) and RESPONSE REGULATOR 2 (PgRR2) genes were cloned in P. ginseng and functionally analyzed in Arabidopsis as a two-component system involved in CK signaling. Results: Phenotypic and histological analyses showed that CK increased cambium activity and dormant axillary bud formation in P. ginseng, thus promoting storage-root secondary growth and bud formation. The evolutionarily conserved two-component signaling pathways in P. ginseng were sufficient to restore CK signaling in the Arabidopsis ahk2/3 double mutant and rescue its growth defects. Finally, RNA-seq analysis of CK-treated P. ginseng roots revealed that plant-type cell wall biogenesis-related genes are tightly connected with mitotic cell division, cytokinesis, and auxin signaling to regulate CK-mediated P. ginseng development. Conclusion: Overall, we identified the CK signaling-related two-component systems and their physiological role in P. ginseng. This scientific information has the potential to significantly improve the field-cultivation and biotechnology-based breeding of ginseng.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential mechanism of Artemisia capillaris Thunb. for psoriasis vulgaris. Methods : We conducted the network pharmacological analysis. It contains the process that search the compounds of the herb, the target proteins of the compounds, related genes of psoariasis vulgaris and the pathway/terms of the common protein lists between psoriasis vulgaris and Artemisia capillaris Thunb.. Results : 13 compounds and 30 protein targets of Artemisia Capillaris Herba were searched. And 997 psoriasis-related genes were searched. The common proteins were 11, and the core genes were 3; AKT1, CASP3, MAPK8. The related pathway/terms of 11 proteins were analyzed. ω-hydroxylase P450 pathway(60%), nitric oxide(NO) biosynthetic process(20%) were resulted. Also, 19 proteins of Artemisia Capillaris Herba were analyzed, and sterol homeostasis(78.95%), sterol biosynthetic process(15.79%), Type 2 diabetes mellitus(5.26%) were resulted. Conclusion : The Artemisia Capillaris Herba can potentially act through the ω-hydroxylase P450 pathway and nitric oxide(NO) biosynthetic process for psoriasis. Also, the metabolism of sterol biosynthesis and homeostasis can be involved in a roundabout way for psoriasis.

• 정신신체의학
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.93-98
• /
• 2013

병적 웃음과 울음(Pathological laughing and crying, PLC)은 감정과 관계없이 갑작스럽게 표출되는 웃음이나 울음이 특징이며 신경계 질환과 관련 있다. 이는 환자의 대인관계 및 일상생활에 상당한 곤란을 가져오지만 약물치료에 비교적 반응이 좋으므로 적절한 진단이 중요하다. PLC는 전전두엽과 변연주변 네트워크(paralimbic network), 소뇌 및 교뇌 기저의 조절이상으로 발생한다. 이들의 조절에는 여러 신경전달물질이 관여하며 특히 세로토닌성 기능의 이상이 관련있다. 주된 치료는 약물치료이며 선택적 세로토닌 재흡수 억제제를 비롯한 항우울제에 좋은 효과를 보인다. 그 외 도파민계 약물, 비경쟁적 NMDA 수용체 길항제도 일부 효과가 있다. PLC의 진단과 평가에는 몇 가지 척도들이 사용되고 있으나 그 특징적 임상양상을 파악하는 것이 가장 중요하다. 따라서 이러한 PLC의 임상양상과 병태생리를 이해하고 적절한 치료법을 살펴봄으로써 임상에서의 관심을 높이고자 한다.