• 약학회지
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• 제10권2_3호
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• pp.1-4
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• 1966

Pterygopleurum Neurophyllum $K_{ITAGAWA}$ was a kind of new recorded perennial herbs in Korea; The roots are consisted of two parts, mother tuber and daughter tuber. There are characteristic deferences in histological structure between mother tuber and daughter tuber.

• 생약학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.280-285
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• 2009

Korean folk medicine 'JoRitDae' has been used mainly to cure vomiting and cancer. With regard to the botanical origin of 'JoRitDae', it has been considered to designate the rhizome of Sasa species (Gramineae), but there was no pharmacognostical confirmation on it. To clarify the botanical origin of 'JoRitDae', the anatomical characteristics of the rhizome of Sasa species growing wild in Korea and Japan, Sasa borealis, S, kurilensis, S. quelpaertensis, S. charatacea and S. senanensis were studied. As a result, it was found the morphological criteria for the five Sasa species that could discriminate them by the number of cell layers in cortex, the ratio of thickness of cortex to rhizome radius, the number of cell layers in the vascular bundle sheath, the total number of vascular bundle and thickness of vascular bundle sheath. According to these criteria, it was clarified that the commercial folk medicine 'JoRitDae' was the rhizome of Sasa borealis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2003

The rhizome of Acorus calamus Linn. is commonly known as "Vacha" in indigenous systems of medicine. It is distributed in marshy tracts of Kashmir, Sirmaur (Himachal Pradesh), Manipur and the Naga hills. It is regularly cultivated in Koratagere Taluk in Karnataka and other parts of India. This study deals with the detailed pharmacognostical evaluation of the dried rhizomes of Acorus calamus collected from DehraDun (Uttaranchal), Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh). The commercial sample procured from Delhi market was also evaluated to observe the difference between collected and market samples. Dried rhizome is vertically compressed, pale yellow to dark brown and occasionally orangish brown in colour. Transverse section showed two distinct region with scattered, concentric vascular bundles surrounded by fibrous bundle sheath. Some vascular bundles just beneath the endodermis devoid of bundle sheath. Though the botanical and physico-chemical characters of all the samples were quite similar but some variations were observed in High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint profile, the essential oil content and total percentage of asarone which was found to be highest in Lucknow and lowest in Delhi market sample. These variations may be explained due to some edaphic factors or storage conditions. An attempt was also made to test antioxidant activity (in vitro) and it was found to be 88% at 0.2 g/ml concentration.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.58-62
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• 2005

Pygmaeopremna herbacea (Roxb.) Mold. (Verbenaceae) is a small herb or sometimes an undershrub arising from a perennial rootstock. The dry roots are dark muddy brown in colour having root nodules. Its extensively developed roots are widely used in tribal medicine. They are used as an aphrodisiac and for the treatment of gout, rheumatism and ulcers. This study deals with the detailed pharmacognostical evaluation of the dried roots and root nodules of P. herbacea which includes macro and microscopic studies, determination of physicochemical parameters and chemoprofiling of the extract using HPTLC fingerprint profiles. It was observed that the roots consist of a well developed cortical region consisting of tangentially elongated thin walled parenchymatous cells and contain polygonal stone cells as well as compound starch grains. Also the pith was parenchymatous. The HPTLC fingerprint profile of the methanolic extract showed the presence of seven major bands. Such an analysis may thus be utilized in identifying P. herbacea and in differenciating it from other species which are similar to it or are used as its adultrants/substitutes under the same vernacular name of Bharangi.

• 생약학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.6-8
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• 2010

Crude drug 'SanJagYag' has been used mainly as a pleurisy, abdominal pain, female disease and gastropathy. To clarify the botanical origin of SanJagYag from Korea, the anatomical characteristics of Paeonia japonica, Paeonia lactiflora and Paeonia obovata of Paeoniaceae were studied. As a result, it was clarified that SanJagYag was the root of Paeonia obovata.

• 생약학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.305-307
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• 2007

Chinese crude drug 'Kang Whal' has been used mainly as a headache in common cold, rheumatic arthralgia and aching of the back and shoulder. To clarify the botanical origin of Kang Whal from Korea, the anatomical characteristics of Ostericum koreanum Maxim. and Notopterygium incisium Ting ex H.T.Chang were studied. As a result, it was clarified that Kang Whal from Korea was the underground part of Ostericum koreanum.

• 약학회지
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• 제12권3_4호
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• pp.50-58
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• 1968

The root of Angelica koreana $M_{AXIMOWICZ}$ (Umbelliferae) known as "Kang-whal" in Korea used for the treatment of common cold, headache and gout etc. The comparative anatomy of Angelica Koreana $M_{AXIMOWICZ}$ and A. purpuraefolia $C_{HUNG}$ was presented. A great part of the report was dealed with the differences in the comparative histology of root, stem, main vein in leaf and fruits.

• 생약학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.157-160
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• 2010

Chinese crude drug 'JeonHo (前胡)' has been used mainly cough and dyspnea in respiratory infections. To clarify the botanical origin of 'JeonHo' in Korean market, the anatomical characterization of Anthriscus sylvestris, Angelica decursiva and Peucedanum praeruptorum were studied. As a result, it was clarified that 'JeonHo' in Korean market was the root of Peucedanum praeruptorum.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.304-310
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• 2007

Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipchitz syn S. lappa C. B. Clarke (commonly known as 'Kuth') belonging to the family Asteraceae is a well known medicinal plant which finds wide usage in different indigenous systems of medicine of India, China, Korea & Tibet. In different folk medicines the roots of S. costus are used to treat various disorders like ulcer, stomachache, malaria, leprosy, dysentery and toothache. However due to over exploitation, it has become endangered and has become the concern of different governmental bodies in India. The increasing demand of this endangered Himalayan species has resulted in a situation where it is often substituted, knowingly or unknowingly, by other morphologically similar species. Arctium lappa, belonging to the same family, is one such plant that has often been found to be present in the market samples of 'Kuth'. The present study was thus carried out and morphoanatomical characters, physicochemical as well as chemical parameters were developed for proper identification of roots of S. costus and its differenciation from A. lappa as well as authentication of the commercial market samples. The detailed morphoanatomical studies revealed that roots of S. costus can be distinguished from A. lappa on the basis of some important microscopial characters eg. the schizogenous resin ducts observed in roots of S. costus, were absent in A. lappa.. Besides, the HPTLC fingerprint profile showed a distinct band at Rf. 0.72 in S. costus, which was totally absent in A. lappa and a band at $R_f$ 0.64 in A. lappa which was absent in S. costus Chlorogenic acid, used as a chemical marker for HPTLC analysis, was estimated to be 0.077% in S. costus as compared to 0.107% in A. lappa. Thus these detailed pharmacognostical parameters can be successfully used to distinguish between roots of S. costus and A. lappa.

• 셀메드
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11.1-11.7
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• 2012

Stachys tibetica Vatke (Lamiaceae) is an important medicinal plant in the folk medicine of Ladakh, India and Tibet for the treatment of various mental disorders. Infusion and decoction of the whole plant is used as a cup of tea for a severe fever, headaches and to relieve tension. The recent study is aimed to evaluate the preliminary pharmacognostical and phytochemical nature of Stachys tibetica Vatke. The whole plant material was subjected to successive soxhlet extraction with petroleum ether (40 - $60^{\circ}C$), chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and finally decocted with water to get the respective extracts. The fluorescence characteristics of the powdered materials were analysed under ultraviolet light and ordinary light. Different physicochemical parameters such as ash value, extractive value, foaming index, pH values, loss on drying and determination of foreign matter were carried out as per WHO guidelines. The total fat, flavonoid, saponin and volatile contents were also determined. Macroscopical studies revealed the authentication of the plant drug. Physicochemical parameters helped to standardize the plant material while preliminary qualitative chemical tests of different extracts showed the presence of Glycosides, Carbohydrates, Phytosterols/triterpenoids, Saponins, Fixed oils, Fats and phenols/tannins. Quantification of the total flavonoids and saponins and contents were determined as $54.66{\pm}0.58mg/g$ and $75.42{\pm}0.48mg/kg$ respectively, while the volatile and fat contents were 6.5% and 0.7% respectively. Results may lay the foundation for the standardization of the drug and discovery of new molecules from S. tibetica for the treatment of various diseases.