• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.205-209
• /
• 2011

The present study was performed to compare the antioxidative and whitening activities of fermented soybean extract (FSB) and non-fermented soybean extract (SB). Antioxidative and whitening activities of FSB and SB were evaluated by the determination of DPPH, superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, linoleic acid inhibition activity, and tyrosinase inhibition activity. FSB showed the higher effect than SB in the antioxidative activities. Also FSB showed the better effect than SB in whitening activity. These results demonstrated that the fermentation played a more excellent role than the non-fermentation in antioxidation and whitening. Therefore, this study suggested that FSB could be a useful cosmetic ingredient for antioxidation and skin whitening.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
• /
• pp.389.2-389.2
• /
• 2002

Tonin(Persicae Semen)is the herb medicine that cntains amygdalin as a major ingredient. Amygdalin in water is decomposed into benzaldehyde. HCN. and glucoseby emulsin. a hydrolysis enzyme intonin. A useful and practical method for the optimum extraction condition of amygdalin without enzymatic hydrolysis is required. The extraction yield of amygdalin of natural formula tonin was 0.1 % from crude powers. 1.4% from small pieces. 3.5% from half pieces and 2.4% from whole pieces. (omitted)

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.201-209
• /
• 2018

G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) is expressed in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract, and its activation promotes insulin secretion in the beta cells of the pancreatic islets as well as the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in intestinal L cells, consequently improving glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Due to this dual mechanism of action, the development of small-molecule GPR119 agonists has received significant interest for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We newly synthesized 1,2,4-triazolone derivatives of GPR119 agonists, which demonstrated excellent outcomes in a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) assay. Among the synthesized derivatives, YH18968 showed cAMP=2.8 nM; in GLUTag cell, GLP-1secretion=2.3 fold; in the HIT-T15 cell, and insulin secretion=1.9 fold. Single oral administration of YH18968 improved glucose tolerance and combined treatment with a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor augmented the glucose lowering effect as well as the plasma level of active GLP-1 in normal mice. Single oral administration of YH18968 improved glucose tolerance in a diet induced obese mice model. This effect was maintained after repeated dosing for 4 weeks. The results indicate that YH18968 combined with a DPP-4 inhibitor may be an effective therapeutic candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2005

Nanotechnology has penetrated into the various branches of research and development and it is particularly of benefit to the particle size engineering. It has been widely known that the particle size of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is critical in determining the bioavailability and processability of pharmaceutical formulation. However, the window of appropriate particle size has been limited mainly due to related processing difficulties. The windows have been widened by the recent development of nanotechnologies, resulting in diversified drug delivery systems. The impact of this development is far more fundamental than what can be expected from conventional particle size engineering. It is the case that the preparation and use of nanoparticles will soon be a common task in the particle engineering step of pharmaceutical unit operations. In this chapter, the basic principles of variouspreparation techniques will be discussed in detail. Regardless of processing details, the preparation methods of pharmaceutical nanoparticles mainly concern how to deal with the extra energy related with particle size. Depending on the ways of treating the e103 energy, preparation methods can be classified into two major classes, i.e.. thermodynamic and kinetic approaches. The recent progresses have shown the possibilities of much more complex combinations of different approaches and the use of new types of energy and nanostructures.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.343-346
• /
• 1987

The effect of mixing ratios of active ingredient on the content uniformity of tablets was studied using caffeine as active ingredient and hydroxypropyl starch as diluent. In the case that caffeine content was not more than 1%, the standard deviation of individual tablet assays was inversely proportional to caffeine content. In the case of more than 1%, the standard deviation was constant independently of caffeine content. In the case that the designed tablet weight was not more than 200mg, the standard deviation of individual tablet assays was inversley proportional to tablet weight designed. In the case of more than 200mg, it was constant and the results for weight variation against the designed weight showed same tendency.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.453-456
• /
• 2002

Tonin(Persicae Semen) is the herb medicine that contains amygdalin as a major ingredient. Amygdalin in water is decomposed into benzaldehyde, HCN, and glucose by emulsin, a hydrolysis enzyme in tonin. A useful and practical method for the optimum extraction condition of amygdalin without enzymatic hydrolysis is required. The extraction yield of amygdalin of natural formula to nin was 0.1 % from crude powders, 1.4% from small pieces, 3.5% from half pieces and 2.4% from whole pieces. The extraction yield of amygdalin of outer shell-eliminated to nin was 0.3% from crude powders, 1.4% from small pieces, and 3.5% from half pieces and whole pieces respectively. The extraction yield of amygdalin was most high when using the size larger than half.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.70-75
• /
• 1984

The contents of organic acid esters in Angelicae gigantis radix were studied using GC-MS. The results revealed that the concentration of propyl p-hydroxy benzoate was 3.0ppm in the head part, 10.5ppm in the main body and 3. 5ppm in the lateral part.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 1982

The mixing of salicylic acid and wheat starch powders was studied using a V-type mixer. After the optimum operating conditions of the mixer were examined, the mixing characteristics relating to dilution ratio, particle size of active ingradient and addition ratio of lubricants were investigated. The coefficient of variation was expressed by a power law relating to the dilution ratio and the particle size of active ingredient. Furthermore, the comparison of results with the theoretically estimated value of mixing index suggested that the mixing of cohesive pharmacceutical powders is a complex stochastic process and cannot be explained fully by a simple theory based on a complete random mixing.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.92-98
• /
• 2014

경기도내 유통되고 있는 발기부전치료제 유사제품 51건(유사비아그라 26품목, 유사시알리스 25품목)에 대하여 발기부전치료제성분 및 그 유사물질을 조사하여 안전성을 평가하였다. 발기부전치료제성분 4종과 그 유사물질 17종에 대하여 HPLC/PDA, LC-MS/MS를 이용하여 정량 및 정성시험을 실시하였다. 유사비아그라의 경우에는 sildenafil 성분이 40~199 mg/정의 범위를 나타냈으며, 함량이 150 mg/정 넘는 제품이 65% 이상 이었다. Tadalafil과 sildenafil을 동시에 사용한 경우는 3개 제품에서 나타났다. 유사시알리스의 경우에는 주성분인 tadalafil이 모두 검출되지 않았고 비아그라의 주성분인 sildenafil만 102 mg/정~249 mg/정 검출되었다. 이 중 sildenafil 함량이 150 mg/정 넘는 제품이 88% 이상 이었으며, 1개 제품에서 발기부전치료제유사물질인 demethylhongdenafil이 90 mg/정 검출되었다. 이러한 발기부전치료제 유사제품은 권장 복용량보다 3배가 넘는 고 함량 제품이 대부분이었으며, 지속적인 감시와 유통차단이 요구된다고 본다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.394-408
• /
• 2015

Spectroscopy is an emerging technology for the quality assessment of pharmaceutical samples, from tablet manufacturing to final quality assurance. The traditional methods for the quality management of pharmaceutical tablets are time consuming and destructive, while spectroscopic techniques allow rapid analysis in a non-destructive manner. The advantage of spectroscopy is that it collects both spatial and spectral information (called hyperspectral imaging), which is useful for the chemical imaging of pharmaceutical samples. These chemical images provide both qualitative and quantitative information on tablet samples. In the pharmaceutics, spectroscopic techniques are used for a variety of applications, such as analysis of the homogeneity of powder samples as well as determination of particle size, product composition, and the concentration, uniformity, and distribution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient in solid tablets. This review paper presents an introduction to the applications of various spectroscopic techniques such as hyperspectroscopy and vibrational spectroscopies (Raman spectroscopy, FT-NIR, and IR spectroscopy) for the quality and safety assessment of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms. In addition, various chemometric techniques that are highly essential for analyzing the spectroscopic data of pharmaceutical samples are also reviewed.