• 농업과학연구
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2005

대전광역시 유성구 노은농수산물도매시장에서 유통되는 농산물의 안전성을 확립하기 위하여 농산물에 대한 잔류농약 모니터링을 실시하기에 앞서 대전지역에서 잔류분석을 시행할 관련기관(충남대학교 농생대 농화학과, 국립농산물품질관리원 충남지원, 대전광역시 보건환경연구원, 충청남도 보건환경연구원)들간의 각각의 경험을 바탕으로 한 기기 안정도 및 회수율 협력 실험을 통하여 분석 결과의 검증 및 신뢰성을 제고하고자 실시하였다. 기기안정도 실험에서는 bifenthrin의 경우 기관별 크로마토그램상의 area 변화의 상대표준편차 범위가 0.684%(기관 D)~1.212%(기관 C), chlorpyfiphos의 경우 0.159%(기관 A)~0.405%(기관 C), diazinon의 경우 0.324%(기관 B)~0.623%(기관 C), 그리고 ethoprophos의 경우 0.274%(기관 B)~0.736%(기관 C)이었다. 정량 분석법에서는 상대 표준편차범위는 10% 정도가 되어야 만족스럽다고 보고하였는데 본 연구의 결과에서 상대 표준편차는 1.212% 이하로 매우 만족스러운 결과를 얻었다. 따라서 각 기관별 기기는 매우 안정적이었음을 알 수 있었다. 회수율 실험의 경우 참깨와 오이의 결과 회수율은 63.4-94.3%이며 이들의 상대표준편차(RSD) 또한 0.32-1.03으로 각 기관별 분석방법은 별다른 문제가 없는 것으로 판단되어지며 추후에 좀 더 많은 Data를 가지고 기관간의 상관관계를 구하여야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.131-137
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• 1988

배와 단감중 농약잔류량을 조사하기 위해 전국 주산단지에서 각 30점씩 1985년 에 채취, 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 배의 경우 7~60%의 시료에서 잔류농약이 검출되었으나 잔류수준은 매우 낮았다. 검출시료의 평균잔류량은 잔류허용기준에 크게 미달되었으며 조사최대치의 경우에도 잔류허용기준의 1/53~2/3에 불과하였다. 2. 검출농약의 잔류분포를 보면 captan과 captafol은 75~80%가 0.2ppm 이하로, dicofol은 77%가 0.1ppm 이하로 parathion은 60%가 0.05ppm 이하로 검출되었다. 3. 한편 배 과일의 부분별 잔류분포를 조사한 결과 배 중 잔류농약의 대부분이 과피에 잔류하고 과육에는 18~29% 잔류하였다. 4. 단감의 경우는 captan, captafol, EPN, parathion 및 phenthoate가 3~20%의 시료에서 검출되었으나 잔류수준은 매우 낮았으며 조사최대치의 경우에도 잔류허용기준에 크게 미달하였다. 본 조사결과는 배와 단감이 사과와 더불어 우리나라의 중요수출농산물인 만큼 농산물 국제무역에서 장애요인의 하나인 농약 잔류문제에 대처하고 또한 식품별 잔류허용기준설정에 중요한 기초 자료로 활용될 것이다..

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.149-156
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• 1992

'90년 '91년 2개년에 걸쳐 강원도내에서 생산 또는 유통되고 있는 농산물 35종에 대하여 농산물의 안전성을 확보하고 국민보건위생의 위해를 예방하기 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 수행되었다. 유기염소제 및 유기인제 등을 ECD와 NPD가 부착된 gas chromatograph에 의하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 농산물 157건 중 농약이 검출된 농산물은 76건으로서 48.4%이었고, 이중 2종류 이상의 농약이 검출된 농산물은 24건으로서 15.3%를 점하고 있다. 특히 Captan은 대산 농산물 81건 중 43건에서 검출되어 검출률이 53.1%이었다. 2. Endrin , Captafol. Parathion , Fenitrothion , Fenthion 및 EPN은 전시료에서 검출되지 않았다. 3. 각 농약의 잔류량은 DDT가 ND-0.138 ppm, BHC가 ND-0.142 ppm, Aldrin 및 Dieldrin이 ND-0.010 ppm, CAptan이 ND-1.067 ppm, Diazinon이 ND-0.060 ppm, malathion이 ND-0.075 ppm, Phenthoate가 ND-0.009 ppm, DDVP가 ND-0.040 ppm이었다. 단 허용기준을 초과하는 농산물은 1건도 없었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2006

Six organophosphorus, one organochlorine, and three synthetic pyrethroid pesticides were analyzed for their residues during washing and hot-air drying of red peppers conducted in the production of powder. The residue ratio in organophosphorus pesticides was 33% in chlorpyrifos, 31 % in diazinon, 50% in methidathion, 80% in EPN, 28% in fenitrothion, and 60% in profenofos. The ratio in pyrethroids was 109% in cypermethrin, 102% in deltamethrin, and 106% in fenvalerate. That in organochlorine was 56% in ${\alpha}$-endosulfan and 90% in ${\beta}$-endosulfan. The results were greatly different between organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides. UV irradiation along with hot-air drying brought about a remarkable reduction of the residues, up to 70% as compared with hot-air drying only. The removal effect was most remarkable in pyrethroids, which are hardly removed by hot-air drying. The color of the pepper was not changed during UV irradiation. The use of oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide or chlorine dioxide during washing did not show a remarkable removal of residues. The residue ratio was not affected whether the pesticide is contaminated artificially or naturally.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1076-1082
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• 2009

Six pesticides were determined in hot pepper leaves after successive processing steps of washing, blanching, and drying. The tested pesticides included dichlofluanid, flusilazole, folpet, iprodione, ${\lambda}$-cyhalothrin, and lufenuron. Each pesticide was singly applied to the leaves of the pepper plants, which were being cultivated in a greenhouse. The processing factors were dependent on the type of pesticide, and were in the following ranges: 0.09-0.73 by washing, <0.00-0.48 after blanching, and <0.00-3.30 after drying. Only lufenuron showed a processing factor of more than 1, at 3.30 in dried leaves, while the processing factors of the other pesticides were less than 1. The removal ratios of the tested pesticides by washing ranged from 27 to 90%. The blanching step increased their removals by 10-25%. However, drying did not have an effect on residue reduction. Finally, after proceeding to the drying step, removal ratios ranged from 85 to 100%, with the exception of lufenuron at 47%.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Accurate and simple analytical method determining Fluxametamid residue was necessary in various food matrices. Additionally, fulfilment of the international guideline of Codex (Codex Alimentarius Commission CAC/GL 40) was required for the analytical method. In this study, we developed Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to determine the Fluxametamid residue in foods. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fluxametamid was extracted with acetonitrile, partitioned and concentrated with dichloromethane. To remove the interferences, silica SPE cartridge was used before LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry) analysis with $C_{18}$ column. Five agricultural commodities (mandarin, potato, soybean, hulled rice, and red pepper) were used as a group representative to verify the method. The liner matrix-matched calibration curves were confirmed with coefficient of determination ($r^2$) greater than 0.99 at calibration range of 0.001-0.25 mg/kg. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.001 and 0.005 mg/kg, respectively. Mean average accuracies were shown to be 82.24-115.27%. The precision was also shown to be less than 10% for all five samples. CONCLUSION: The method investigated in this study was suitable to the Codex guideline for the residue analysis. Thus, this method can be useful for determining the residue in various food matrices as routine analysis.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2005

Chinese cabbage and spinach applied with eight pesticides at two different rates were subjected to brining, heat-cooking, and blanching to determine residue or transfer ratios of those pesticides. Residue ratio in discarded inedible portion varied significantly, 0-94%, depending on pesticides applied, vegetable type, and cooking processes. Average reduction ratios of residues during cooking process were 78, 46, 23, 12, 10, 9, 8, and 2% in dichlorvos, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, EPN, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and fenvalerate, respectively.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.321-331
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Pinoxaden is the phenylpyrazoline herbicide developed by Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. and marketed on 2006. The maximum residue levels for wheat and barley were set by import tolerance. Thus, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) official analytical method determining Pinoxaden residue was necessary in various food matrixes. Satisfaction of international guideline of CODEX (Codex Alimentarius Commission CAC/GL 40) and National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation-MFDS (2017) are additional pre-requirements for analytical method. In this study, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was investigated to analyze residue of Pinoxaden (M4), which is defined as pesticide residue in Korea, in foods. METHODS AND RESULTS: Pinoxaden (M4) was extracted followed by acid digestion (2hr reflux with 1N HCl) and pH adjusting (pH 4-5 with 3% ammonium solution). To remove oil, additional clean-up step with hexane saturated with acetonitrile was required to high oil contained sample before purification. HLB cartridge and nylon syringe filter were used for purification. Then, samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS using reserve phase column C₁₈. Five agricultural group representative commodities (mandarin, potato, soybean, hulled rice, and red pepper) were used to verify the method in this study. The liner matrix-matched calibration curves were confirmed with coefficient of determination (r²) > 0.99 at calibration range 0.002-0.2 mg/kg. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.004 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively, which were suitable to apply Positive List System (PLS). Mean average accuracies of pinoxaden (M4) were shown to be 74.0-105.7%. The precision of pinoxaden and its metabolites were also shown less than 14.5% for all five samples. CONCLUSION: The method investigated in this study was suitable to CODEX (CAC/GL 40) and National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation-MFDS (2017) guideline for residue analysis. Thus, this method can be useful for determining the residue in various food matrixes in routine analysis.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.577-586
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• 1993

Pesticide protective clothing has not been frequently worn due to its lack of thermal comfort. It is important to develop fabrics which can allow the wearer to work in comfort. One of the possible way to achieve the goal is to produce fabrics with a water- and oil-repellent finish which would resist pesticide penetration but maintain some breathability. The purpose of this study were to evaluate the pesticide barrier properties of untreated and water- and oil-repellent finished nonwoven fabrics. Three types of nonwoven fabrics(Tyvek, Sontara and Kimlon) were used as test specimens. By pad-dry-cure method, each of the specimen was treated with fluorocarbon. The pesticide barrier properties (amount of pesticide penetration and residue) were measured by the gas chromatography. The performance properties of untreated and treated specimens were evaluated with respects to water pepellency(KS K 0590), oil repellency(AATCC 118), water resistance(KS K 0591, AATCC 42), water vapor transmission (KS A 1013) and air permeability(KS K 0570). The results of this study were as follows : 1) The untreated Sontara showed much more amount of pesticide penetration than untreated Tyvek and Kimlon, while the treated Sontara showed little amount of pesticide penetration. 2) After laundering, the amount of pesticide residue in the untreated and treated Sontara was less than that in Tyvek and in Kimlon. 3) Water- and oil-repellent finish improved water repellency, oil repellency, and water resistance of specimens. 4) The untreated Sontara and Kimlon showed higher water vapor transmission and air permeability than untreated Tyvek. Water vapor transmission and air permeability of treated specimen decreased compared to those of untreated.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2018

국내외적으로 계란 중 잔류 농약 검출 사례가 보고되었고, 한국에서도 축산물의 농약 잔류허용기준 중 계란에 대한 기준치가 미제시된 항목인 fipronil 등이 검출되었다. 비규제 농약으로 인해 국민건강 위해 및 환경오염 문제가 나타날 가능성이 있으므로, 한국, 유럽연합, 미국의 부처 및 산하 협력기관의 담당 법령 및 업무 관련 농약관리체계 비교 분석을 통해 현 시점에서 한국의 농약관리체계의 문제점을 파악하고, 비규제 농약에 관한 개선 방향을 모색하였다. 한국, 유럽연합, 미국의 농약관리체계 비교한 결과, 농약 등록, 식품 중 잔류농약, 환경매체 중 잔류농약으로 크게 나누어 관리하는 것으로 나타났다. 농약을 시중 유통시키기 위해 농약의 기본정보(이화학성, 독성, 위해성 등)를 바탕으로 검토 및 승인 절차를 거치는 농약 등록 부분은 한국의 농림축산식품부, 유럽집행위원회의 보건식품안전국, 미국환경부가 관여하는 것으로 나타났다. 식품 안전성을 증대시키기 위해 식품 중 잔류농약 기준 설정 및 모니터링을 수행하는 부분은 한국의 식품의약품안전처, 유럽집행위원회의 보건식품안전국이 전담하나, 미국은 미국환경부(식품 중 잔류농약농도 설정)와 식품의약처(식품 및 사료 중 농약 모니터링)가 분업하는 것으로 나타났다. 국민건강 및 환경상의 위해를 예방하기 위해 환경매체 중 잔류농약 기준 설정 및 모니터링을 수행하는 부분은 한국, 유럽연합, 미국 모두 환경부, 유럽집행위원회의 환경국, 미국환경부 중심으로 운영되는 것으로 나타났다. 한국은 부처간 협의를 통해 농약관리를 제도적으로 수행하고 있으나, 비규제 농약에 대한 관리를 강화하기 위해 환경매체 중 잔류농약기준 항목의 계열 확대 및 개별항목 신설을 검토할 필요가 있다.