• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.6018-6033
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• 2018

Fires are a common cause of catastrophic personal injuries and devastating property damage. Every year, many fires occur and threaten human lives and property around the world. Providing early important sign for early fire detection, and therefore the detection of smoke is always the first step in fire-alarm systems. In this paper we propose an automatic smoke detection system built on camera surveillance and image processing technologies. The key features used in our algorithm are to detect and track smoke as moving objects and distinguish smoke from non-smoke objects using a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for cascade classification. The results of our experiment, in comparison with those of some earlier studies, show that the proposed algorithm is very effective not only in detecting smoke, but also in reducing false positives.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2023.07a
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• pp.431-432
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• 2023

본 연구는 초상권을 보호할 수 있는 실시간 영상 모자이크 서비스이다. 실시간 모자이크 서비스에서는 모자이크 처리를 제외하기 위한 이용자 얼굴 등록 기능을 갖고 있다. 이렇게 등록된 얼굴정보는 실시간 영상 스티리밍 서비스에서 모자이크가 되지 않도록 한다. 즉, 모자이크를 원하지 않는 정보를 미리 시스템에 등록하여 실시간 서비스에 어떠한 부분을 모자이크에서 제외 할 것인지 세팅하여 실시간 스트리밍 서비스를 제공한다. 기존 기술과의 차이점은 사람의 얼굴뿐만 아니라 방송에 나오면 안 되는 흉기나 담배 등을 모자이크 처리해 줄 수 있는 기능을 제공하고, 실시간으로 모자이크된 영상 스트리밍 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 장점을 갖는다.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.43-53
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• 2024

The media environment is rapidly evolving to be tailored to viewers using personal mobile devices in accordance with technological evolution and changes in social structures. Broadcast media technology is also advancing to enable new services, including data casting, in various reception environments beyond the existing fixed environment and one-way audio/video content services. In addition, technologies to increase the transmission capacity to accommodate next-generation large-capacity media content as well as communication network utilization and convergence technologies are being developed to facilitate interactive services and expand the broadcasting coverage. We discuss the current status and future prospects in broadcasting technology for terrestrial and mobile communication systems and analyze broadcasting technology elements for upcoming media environments relying on generative artificial intelligence.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.311-326
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• 2018

This paper has experimented using News sample video with QCIF ($176{\times}144$) resolution in JM v10.2 code of H.264/AVC-MPEG. The region of interest (ROI) to be encrypted occurred the drift by unnecessarily referring to each frame continuously in accordance with the characteristics of the motion prediction and compensation of the H.264 standard. In order to mitigate the drift, the latest related research method of re-inserting encrypted I-picture into a certain period leads to an increase in the amount of additional computation that becomes the factor increasing the bit-rate overhead of the entire video. Therefore, the reference search range of the block and the frame in the ROI to be encrypted is restricted in the motion prediction and compensation for each frame, and the reference search range in the non-ROI not to be encrypted is not restricted to maintain the normal encoding efficiency. In this way, after encoding the video with restricted reference search range, this article proposes a method of RC4 bit-stream encryption for the ROI such as the face to be able to identify in order to protect personal information in the video. Also, it is compared and analyzed the experimental results after implementing the unencrypted original video, the latest related research method, and the proposed method in the condition of the same environment. In contrast to the latest related research method, the bit-rate overhead of the proposed method is 2.35% higher than that of the original video and 14.93% lower than that of the latest related method, while mitigating temporal drift through the proposed method. These improved results have verified by experiments of this study.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.563-581
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• 2010

In this paper, we perform subjective visual quality assessments on UHD video for UHD TV services and analyze the assessment results. Demands for video services have been increased with availabilities of DTV, Internet and personal media equipments. With this trend, the demands for high definition video have also been increasing. Currently, 2K-HD ($1920{\times}1080$) video have been widely consumed over DTV, DVD, digital camcoders, security cameras and other multimedia terminals in various types, and recently digital cinema contents of 4K-UHD($3840{\times}2160$) have been popularly produced and the cameras, beam projects, display panels that support for 4K-UHD video start to come out into multimedia markets. Also it is expected that 4K-UHD service will appear soon in broadcasting and telecommunications environments. Therefore, in this paper, subjective assessments of visual quality on resolutions, color formats, frame rates and compression rates have been carried to provide basis information for standardization of signal specification of UHD video and viewing environments for future UHDTV. As the analysis on the assessments, UHD video exhibits better subjective visual quality than HD by the evaluators. Also, the 4K-UHD test sequences in YUV444 shows better subjective visual quality than the 4K-UHD test sequences in YUV422 and YUV420, but there is little perceptual difference on 4K-UHD test sequences between YUV422 and YUV420 formats. For the comparison between different frame rates, 4K-UHD test sequences of 60fps gives better subjective visual quality than those of 30fps. For bit-depth comparison, HD test sequences in 10-bit depth were little differentiated from those in 8-bit depth in subject visual quality assessment. Lastly, the larger the PSNR values of the reconstructed 4K-UHD test sequences are, the higher the subjective visual quality is. Against the viewing distances, the differences among encoded 4K-UHD test sequences were less distinguished in longer distances from the display.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.108-126
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• 2023

This study explored the sustainability of a blockchain-based cultural art performance video platform through the construction of Gyeonggi Art On, a new media art broadcasting station in Gyeonggi-do. In addition, the technical limitations of video content transaction using block chain, legal and institutional issues, and the protection of personal information and intellectual property rights were reviewed. As for the research method, participatory observation methods such as in-depth interviews with developers and operators and participation in meetings were conducted. The researcher participated in and observed the entire development process, including designing and developing blockchain nodes, smart contracts, APIs, UI/UX, and testing interworking between blockchain and content distribution services. Research Question 1: The results of the study on 'Which technology model is suitable for a blockchain-based performance video content distribution public platform?' are as follows. 1) The blockchain type suitable for the public platform for distribution of art performance video contents based on the blockchain is the private type that can be intervened only when the blockchain manager directly invites it. 2) In public platforms such as Gyeonggi ArtOn, among the copyright management model, which is an art based on NFT issuance, and the BC token and cloud-based content distribution model, the model that provides content to external demand organizations through API and uses K-token for fee settlement is suitable. 3) For public platform initial services such as Gyeonggi ArtOn, a closed blockchain that provides services only to users who have been granted the right to use content is suitable. Research question 2: What legal and institutional problems should be reviewed when operating a blockchain-based performance video distribution public platform? The results of the study are as follows. 1) Blockchain-based smart contracts have a party eligibility problem due to the nature of blockchain technology in which the identities of transaction parties may not be revealed. 2) When a security incident occurs in the block chain, it is difficult to recover the loss because it is unclear how to compensate or remedy the user's loss. 3) The concept of default cannot be applied to smart contracts, and even if the obligations under the smart contract have already been fulfilled, the possibility of incomplete performance must be reviewed.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.1
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• pp.107-114
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• 2002

In these days, rapid advances of the computer system and the high speed network have made the multimedia services popularized among various applications and services in the internet. Internet live broadcasting, a part of multimedia services, makes it possible to provide not only existing broadcasting services including audio and video but also interactive communications which also expand application scopes by freeing from both temporal and spatial limitation. In the Paper, an interned Personal-live broadcasting server system is developed by allowing individual users to actively create or join live-broadcasting services with such basic multimedia devices as a PC camera and a sound card. As the number of broadcasters and participants increases, concurrent multiple channels are established and groups are to be expanded. The system should also guarantee High Availability (HA) for continuous services even in the presence of partial failure of the cluster. Furthermore, a transmission mode switching is supported to consider network environments in the user system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.20-31
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• 2021

The spread of non-face-to-face culture due to COVID-19 led to innovation in untact services and the increase of non-face-to-face communication through video conference platforms. However, it is difficult to identify nonverbal expressions in synchronous online communication. Moreover, it is hard to interact with people by making eye contact. Despite the positive effects of eye contact, including such as sharing emotions and helping build intimacy, no research has empirically verified the effectiveness of eye contact in synchronous online communication. Thus, the study verified the effectiveness of eye contact in synchronous online communication. Depending on the context of the communication and whether(or not) there is eye contact, six video treatments were used to measure four dependent variables-Continuance Intention to Use, Performance Expectancy, Interactivity, and Personal Connection. The study shows that the communication with eye contact in all contexts was rated higher than the one without eye contact in all measurement variables. This study will help to provide a better user experience in synchronous online communication by verifying the effectiveness of eye contact in synchronous online communication and proposing the need of technology and the direction of the technological development.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.145-148
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• 2008

방송에서의 광고의 비중이 높아짐에 따라 광고 수익을 극대화하기 위한 기술의 발전이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 최근의 이러한 광고 관련 기술들을 일반적으로 Advanced Advertising 이라고 하며 그 중 시청자의 선호에 맞는 광고만을 시청자에게 제공하는 타깃광고(Targeted Advertising) 방식 등 수신기별로 특화된 광고를 제공하는 기술을 클라이언트 기반 광고 삽입 방식이라고 한다. 북미의 인터랙티브 케이블방송 규격인 OCAP(OpenCable Application Platform)은 OCAP DPI(Digital Program Insertion) 라는 명칭의 클라이언트 기반 광고 삽입 방식에 대한 북미 일부 지역에서의 시험 방송의 성공한 후 관련 규격을 OCAP1.1-I01 에 발표하기에 이르렀다. 조만간 상용화되면 OCAP DPI 를 통해 북미 케이블방송 사업자들의 광고 수익 향상에 기여할 것은 물론이고 시청자들의 만족도를 향상시킬 것이다. 이런 움직임은 케이블 진영뿐만 아니라 Open IPTV Forum, ATSC 등 IPTV 나 지상파 TV 진영에서도 이 기술에 대한 타당성 검증 및 표준화가 논의가 활발히 진행되고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문은 클라이언트 기반 광고 삽입 기술에 대해 OCAP DPI 를 구현한 경험을 바탕으로 그 원리 및 동작을 설명하고, DVR(Digital Video Recorder) 또는 PVR(Personal Video Recorder)의 주요 기능인 스토리지에 방송스트림을 저장하고 재생하는 기능을 이용하는 광고 삽입 방법에 대해 제안하며, Cable-IPTV Hybrid 의 웹 접근성을 이용하여 웹 서버에 저장되어 관리 및 운용되는 광고컨텐츠의 스트리밍을 통한 광고 삽입 방법에 대한 제안하고, 마지막으로 실제 이러한 광고 삽입 기술을 적용하는 데에 있어 발생되는 문제점들을 언급하고 그 해결에 대한 의견을 제시한다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2000

Purpose: This study was performed to develop the electronic textbook (CD-rom title) about preclinical practice of oral and maxillofacial radiology, using multimedia technology with interactive environment. Materials and Methods: After comparing the three authoring methods of multimedia, i.e. programming language, multimedia authoring tool and web authoring tool, we determined the web authoring tool as an authoring method of our electronic textbook. Intel Pentium II 350 MHz IBM-compatible personal computer with 128 Megabyte RAM, Umax Powerlook flatbed scanner with transparency unit, Olympus Camedia l400L digital camera, ESS 1686 sound card, Sony 8 mm Handycam, PC Vision 97 pro capture board, Namo web editor 3.0, Photoshop 3.0, ThumbNailer, RealPlayer 7 basic and RealProducer G2 were used for creating the text document, diagram, figure, X-ray image, video and sound files. We made use of javascripts for tree menu structure, moving text bar, link button and spread list menu and image map etc. After creating all files and hyperlinking them, we burned out the CD-rom title with all of the above multimedia data, Netscape communicator and plug in program as a prototype. Results and Conclusions : We developed the dental radiology electronic textbook which has 9 chapters and consists of 155 text documents, 26 figures, 150 X-ray image files, 20 video files, 20 sound files and 50 questions with answers. We expect that this CD-rom title can be used at the intranet and internet environments and continuous updates will be performed easily.